الفهرس 
Introduction and Aim of The WorkOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
 |  | from | 166 |  |  |
| | | from | 166 | | |
Abstract
The objective of this study is to investigate a large series of paediatric stone formers and to classify them according to the aetiology of stone formation into infectious, idiopathic, anatomical and metabolic.
The clinical patterns of stone disease were then examined within each aetiological category in term of age, anatomical location, chemical, and analysis and recurrence rate.
Conclusion:
1- Urinary calculi in general are present in young children, though it occurs in patients of all ages with marked preponderance of males over females.
2- Positive family history had been observed to have a relationship with stone formation, and the majority of patients have no history of bilharziasis.
3- EL-Minia province which represents Upper Egypt in climate, standard of living of the people, some food habits, can be considered as stone area.
4- Hydroureter and hydronephrosis, bladder neck obstruction, stricture ureter, and pelviuteteric junction obstruction were anatomical factors in stone formation.
5- Regarding the clinical pattern of paediatric urolithiasis, hematuria was the most common one because bleeding is an attractive sign which direct the attention of the parents for medical consultation. Fever, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain and pallor were the most common non-urological manifestations which may not attract the attention of the parents or the doctor for the presence of urolithiasis and so many cases of urolithiasis may be missed for diagnoses.
6- Stones of the kidney were more common in the age group from (1-12 years) while stone of the bladder occurred more commonly between 1-6 years and most of them were single stone. Bilateral calculi were present in many cases. Combination of different sites in the same patient was present.
7- Chemical examination of calculi revealed that the majority of them were Ca-Oxalate, while pure calculi were present in a low percentage.