الفهرس 
INTRODUCTIONOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
This work started with a review of literature on assisted reproductive technologies (ART), including history, different techniques and complications. The success of ART depends on maximizing the efficiency of each individual step in the procedure (controlled ovarian hyperstimulation, oocyte retrieval and culture conditions) and once an embryo resides within the uterus after transfer, implantation is governed by the quality of the embryo and the endometrium.
Selection of the female gametes was discussed, and it could be applied in ICSI oocytes only where oocytes at MII are suitable. Selection of zygotes/embryos after fertilization could be carried out on both IVF and ICSI. There are various methods of embryo selection.
Morphological selection, where the embryos to be replaced are selected according to their morphology. This can be performed at the pronuclear stage, by observing the polarity of the nucleoli. Also, this can be done at the four cells stage, by observing the equality, granularity and presence of cytoplasmic fragments.Extension of the embryo culture to day three in an attempt to select embryos with best potential for implantation could be done and even extension to day five ( blastocyst stage) is done for this purpose.