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Abstract
Cancer is a leading cause of death worldwide. Breast and prostate cancer are two of the most common malignancies and contribute significantly to the societal and economic burden of cancer. Various ethnic and racial groups are affected differently by overall cancer incidence and mortality. Racial disparities are evident for breast cancer survival and both prostate cancer incidence and survival. The reasons for differences in cancer incidence and survival are not entirely clear. However, diet plays an important role in cancer prevention and survival and may also be implicated in racial and ethnic disparities. Evidence is lacking that a dietary pattern high in vegetables, fruit and fibers and low in total fat can influence breast cancer recurrence or survival. Diet high in vegetables and fruits has been associated with reduced cancer risk. However, the involved mechanisms are unknown. According to our knowledge, there is a dearth of information regarding the antitumarogenic effects of phytochemicals. Therefore, the present study aims to: 1) Prepare phytochemical extracts from some functional and economic plant which represent the most common plants all over the world including Egypt, and 2) Study the ability of these natural extracts in the prevention and/or treatment of breast cancer In vitro. The obtained results could be summarized as follow: Effect of onion extracts on DNA fragmentation of Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC) cell line: Increase in maximal optical density of intact DNA of onion ethanol extract at concentrations 0.5%, 1.5% and 2 % with values 166.6; 151.60; and 113.7, respectively as compared with control( 92). While intact DNA at conc. 1% showed a decrement in maximal optical density (91.4) as compared with control. Also, fragments of DNA at 800bp. 600bp, 400bp, and 200bp of OEX at concentration 0.5% showed decrease in maximal optical density with values ( 30, 36, 36 and 24) as compared with control (40, 52.5, 55 and 35), respectively. But maximal optical density at concentration 1% of fragmented DNA at 800bp, 600bp showed increase with values (77.1 and 68.5), respectively as compared with the control. Also, fragmented DNA at 800bp, 600bp, 400bp and 200bp at concentration 1.5% indicated increase in maximal optical density with values 74.225, 72.825, 72.70 and 40.575, respectively as compared with control. Result illustrated increase in maximal optical density at concentration 2% of fragmented DNA at 800bp, 600bp, and 400bp with value 76.6, 73.3 and 70, respectively as compared with control. Decreasing in maximal optical density of the intact DNA of OME at concentrations 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2% with values 120, 116, 112 and 112, respectively as compared with control,( 135). While fragmented of DNA at 800bp, 600bp, 400bp and 200bp of OME at concentration 5% showed increase in maximal optical density with values 117.7, 92, 60 and 28, respectively as compared with control 50, 27.5, 20 and 10, respectively. Similarly, results illustrated increment of maximal optical density at concentration 1% of fragmented DNA at 800bp, 600bp, 400bp, and 200bp which recorded 52, 48, 36 and 24, respectively as compared with the control. Also DNA fragmentation in 600bp, 400bp and 200bp at concentration 1.5% showed increase in maximal optical density which recorded 32, 28 and 16, respectively as compared with control. Fragmented DNA at 800bp, 600bp, 400bp, and 200bp of OME at concentrations 2% showed increase in maximal optical density with values 52, 48, 28, and 12, respectively as compared with control. Increase in maximal optical density at intact DNA of OAE at concentrations 0.5%, and 1% with values 136 and 150 respectively as compared with control (129.06); while intact DNA at concentrations and 2% showed decrement in maximal optical density with values and 116.27, respectively as compared with control. On other hand fragments of DNA at 800bp, 600bp, 400bp, and 200bp of Aqueous onion extract at conc. 0.5% showed increase in maximal optical density with values 68, 48, 32 and 18, respectively as compared with the control (48, 12.78 and 9.11, respectively). Similarly, fragmented DNA at 800bp, 600bp, 400bp, and 200bp of OAE at concentration 1% indicated increment in maximal optical density which recorded 55, 45, 30 and 20, respectively as compared with control. Also, fragments of DNA at 800bp, 600bp, 400bp and 200bp of OAE at conc. 1.5% showed increase in maximal optical density with values 86.6, 48.3, 26.6 and 11.6; respectively as compared with the control. Maximal optical density at 800bp, 600bp, 400bp and 200bp of fragmented DNA at concentration 2% showed increase with values 66.6, 36.0, 20.17 and 12, respectively as compared with control. Effect of garlic extracts on DNA fragmentation of Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC) cell line: Increasing in maximal optical density of intact DNA of GEE at concentration 1%, 1.5% and 2% with values 106.6, 110, 115, respectively was observed as compared with the control (100.11). On contrast, intact DNA of GEE at concentration ,5% showed decrease in maximal optical density with value 96.609 as compared with control. While fragmented DNA at 800bp, 600bp, 400bp, and 200bp of GEE at concentration 0.5% showed increase in maximal optical density with value 85.88, 48.3, 26.6 SUMMARY 105 and 13.3, respectively as compared with control (56.6, 19.43, 11.96 and 6.6, respectively). Similarly maximal optical density at concentration 1% of fragmented DNA at 800bp, 600bp, 400bp, and 200bp showed increase with values 66.6, 37.3, 26.6 and 13.3, respectively as compared with control. Fragmented DNA 800bp, 600bp, 400bp and 200bp at concentration 1.5% showed increase in maximal optical density which recorded( 73.3, 39.07, 21.86 and 10.0, )respectively as compared with the control. Also Fragmented DNA at 800bp, 600bp, 400bp, and 200bp showed increment in maximal optical density at concentration 2% with values 76.7, 40/0, 28.0 and 8.0, respectively as compared with control. Decreasing in maximal optical density of intact DNA of GME at concentrations %1.0,% 1.5 and 2% with values 188.81, 193.0 and 188.2, respectively was obtained as compared with the control,(193.41). Fragments of DNA at 800bp, 600bp, 400bp and 200bp of GME at concentration 0.5% showed increase in maximal optical density with values 153.89, 133.43, 53.8 and 15.3, respectively as compared with control( 39.7, 50.0, 23.3 and 10.56, respectively). Similarly maximal optical density at concentration 1% of fragmented DNA at 800bp, 600bp, 400bp, and 200bp showed increase (188.81, 188.45, 147.3 and 62. 5) as compared with control, respectively. Also at concentration 1.5% fragmented DNA at 800bp, 600bp, 400bp, and 200bp indicated increase in maximal optical density with values 193.0, 133.91, 86.6 and 53.3 as compared with the control, respectively. Maximal optical density at concentration 2 % of fragmented DNA at 800bp, 600bp, 400bp, and 200bp illustrated increase by values 135.2, 87.7, 43.7 and 18.7, respectively as compared with control.