الفهرس 
REVIEW AND LITERATUREOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
This study examined the expression of hormones receptors, nm23, p53 and Her2/neu in 102 cases of breast carcinomas. The material of this
work was obtained from archival paraffin blocks of cases undergone : modified radical mastectomy, which were collected from both pathology
departments, Faculty of medicine, El-Minia university hospital and El-
Minia Oncology Center, between 2000 to 2004 years.
Routine formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tumor samples were used and sections were stained by hematoxylin and eosin to re-evaluate grade and histological tumor type. The avidin-biotin immunoperoxidase technique was applied for immunostaining of all the markers used in this
study.
The immunohistochemical scoring results were then correlated with clinical and histological data such as patient age, tumor size, tumor grade, NPI, axillary lymph node status, and histological tumor types. Additionally, correlations between markers expression were evaluated.
Immunohistochemical analyses for the examined markers were performed on the primary lesions as well as their corresponding ipsilateral metastatic regional lymph nodes of 90 breast cancers.
Positive reaction for ER&PR and p53 were obtained when >10% of the tumor cells exhibited nuclear staining. nm23 positivity in cell .cytoplasm was assessed by a semiquantitative method on a scale from 0 to 3+ and cases 1-3+ were considered positive for statistical. For of Her-2/neu scoring, the membranous expression was estimated and scored on a : scale of 0 to 3+. Tumors with scores of 2 or greater were considered to be positive for Her-2/neu over-expression.
In conclusion, our findings show that suppressor genes inactivation, tumor metastatic genes, expression of oncogenes , as well as hormone receptors alterations are all interrelated factors of breast cancer pathogenesis and progression. The precise role of the nm23 gene remains to be established, but our simplified immunohistochemical rating system shows an association between nm23 protein expression and the most significant prognostic factors relating to histological grade and more involvement of LN. as depending on nm23 level, we could identify a group of patients who are at high risk of developing metastasis and recurrence and who may be benefit greatly from adjuvant treatment.