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Abstract
Presented in this thesis are the results of an intensive experimental program for studying the influence of jet inclination, velocity ratio, pollutant type and inital concentration on the hydraulic characteristics of polluted surface water jet in open channel flow. Experiments were conducted in a channel located in the hydraulics laboratory of Assiut University. The channel has 600 mm in its width and 3.00 m length. Polluted jet is injected from a sided polluted source with different angles of inclination to mainstream direction. The polluted water is prepared by adding two types of chemicals (sodium chloride and pfenning) with different concentrations to fresh water. The initial jet velocity is varied to cover a range of velocity ratio 2.73 to 10.0. For each velocity ratio, the solute concentration is changed to take 800, 1050, 1382.23, 1440, 1780 and 2320 p.p.m. The centerline jet trajectory, velocity decay, pollutant dilution and the width of polluted area are measured. The velocity is measured by a calibrated current meter while the jet coordinates and water depths are measured using point gages. Samples are taken from jet centerline to measure the jet concentration. The concentrations are measured using Conductance/ Total Dissolved Solids Model 76.
The factors influencing the problem are normalized with the help of dimensional analysis theory. Based on these normalizations, the experimental results are analyzed and discussed. The analysis of the results revealed that the characteristics of a polluted water jet in cross flow depend mainly on jet to main stream velocity ratio and jet inclination to the main stream. Also, the decay of the velocity, jet width and dilution of pollution concentration in both longitudinal and transverse directions are mainly depending on the studied parameters. The type of used pollution does not affect these characteristics. Equations have been developed for the correlation of the experimental results. A comparison between the results of present study and those from previous studies are carried out. These comparisons give a reasonable agreement.