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Abstract
No one can deny the magnitude of human and economic costs of cancer (James et al, 1993). In 2002, the American Cancer Society (ACS) estimated that 1.334.100 Americans diagnosed as invasive cancer and 556.500 Americans died of this disease (CDC, 2002).
There are many risk factors for each type of cancer according to its site and its own histopathological picture (James et al, 1993). Most of these risk factors are age, gender type, genetic factors, occupational factors, diet, general condition, smoking and environmental factors.
The current hospital-based descriptive proportional morbidity ratio study (PMR) was conducted to all registered employed cancer patients attending Ismailia Insurance Hospital throughout the years 2003 and 2004.
One hundred and eighty two cancer patients were included in the present study. Sixty five percent of them were females (119 patients). Their ages ranged from 30 to 87 years (54.37+10.84 years).
The current study shows that cancer breast is the most prevalent type of cancer; it represents 54.9% while leukemia is the least one, and it represents only 0.5%. Regarding to gender type cancer breast is the most prevalent type in females (54.9%), while lymphoma is the most prevalent type in males (20.8%)
Moreover, this study describes the relation between each type of cancer and various risk factor and the results are as the following:
• There was a significant relation between past history of benign tumor and the incidence of cancer.
• There was a significant relation between bladder, colon and liver cancer and history of schistosomiasis.
• There was a significant relation between cancer liver and past history of hepatitis.
• There was a significant relation between breast cancer and usage of hormonal contraceptives.
• There was a significant relation between ovarian and uterine cancer and family history of cancer ovary or uterus.
• There was an insignificant relation between occupational factors and incidence of cancer.
• There was a significant relation between the incidence of breast, colon, gastric and hepatic cancer and increase daily meat consumption.
• There was a significant relation between colon, gastric and hepatic cancer and reduced consumption of vegetables and fruits.
• There was a significant relation between bladder, gastric, laryngeal and lung cancer and history of smoking.
• There was an insignificant relation between incidence of cancer and exposure to environmental pollution.
All the results of this study are parallel to the results of the included national and international studies except for occupational and environmental risk factors.
The present study concluded that:
The incidence of cancer among employee at Ismailia governorate is associated with many risk factors contributing to increase the occurrence of these cancers; these risk factors are amenable to modification aiming to reduce the incidence of cancer between other employees. .