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Abstract
Summary
α-hydroxy acid (AHA) has become the agent widely discussed today. AHAs are a specific kind of organic acid commonly found in nature. Generally extracted from fruit and sugar cane, they are metabolites of the carbohydrate cycle and other important metabolic processes. AHAs include glycolic, lactic, malic, citric, and tartaric acids, which differ in molecular weight and length of carbon chain. Among them, glycolic acid is not only a popular ingredient in the cosmetic industry but is also a commonly used agent for chemical peels. In the past several years, many groups have started to study how glycolic acid reacts with photodamaged skin.
While several positive studies on treatment with Jessner’s solution in patients with acne were reported, there have been only a few studies about the therapeutic effects of glycolic acid peel in acne patients.
Acne peeling was preferred by many clinicians, due to prompt therapeutic effects and improvements of skin textures. But the differences between the peeling agents are usually overlooked. We performed this study to compare the effectiveness and side effects in treatments of facial acne by two agents, 70% glycolic acid and Jessner’s solution.
Thirty five patients included in our study, thirty patients (83.7%) were females and three patients (14.3%) were males, their ages ranged from (18 to 28 years) with a mean of 21.9.
Split-face approach was used to compare two light peeling agents; standard jessner’s solution & glycolic acid 70%. All patients were treated simultaneously with standard jessner’s solution & glycolic acid 70% biweekly on either side of the face. Standard jessner’s solution was applied on the right side of the face & glycolic acid 70% on the left side of the face. The complications and improvement were evaluated by both observers and patients themselves. Also the evaluation of the treatment was done objectively according to a standard acne improvement international scale (Samuelson nine grades global acne scale)
Both glycolic acid and jessner’s solution chemical peels are safe and well-tolerated adjunctive procedures in the treatment of acne. Many patients experienced mild adverse events, which have been reported in past studies and were well tolerated ( Briden ME.,2004). Adverse events were reported for both chemical peels, with the highest frequency reported within the first two treatment visits. The number of adverse events subsequently decreased over the treatment period. Both chemical peels yielded a similar number of adverse events with the most common adverse events being hyperpigmentation, herpes simplex infection, exfoliation, erythema, and irritation.
Jessner’s solution peel had prolonged effectiveness against acne lesions 3 months post treatment whereas glycolic acid peel did not show the same sustained effect. Subjects reported fewer side effects on jessner’s solution acid–treated site. The different lipophilic properties of the peels did not appear to impact their clinical effectiveness.
Our findings suggest that either glycolic acid or Jessner’s solution are effectively used to treat mild and moderate facial acne vulgaris.