الفهرس 
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Abstract
Background: Fluorine is the lightest member of the halogen group and is found as fluorine in the environment. It is the most electronegative of all elements. This means that it has a strong tendency to acquire a negative charge and in solution, forms F ions. Excessive exposure to fluoride through water, food or dust causes acute toxicity or a debilitating disease called ’fluorosis’. Endemic fluorosis is a disease caused by excessive consumption of fluoride. In its severe form,it is characterized by discoloration, cracking and pitting of the teeth ,as well as, pain and damage of both bones and joints. The relationship between fluoride and dental caries was first noted in the early part of the 20th century when it was observed that residents of certain areas of U.S.A. developed brown stains on their teeth. These stained teeth were highly resistant to dental decay and caries.In the 1930’s, it was discovered that the prevalence and severity of mottled enamel was directly related to the amount of fluoride in the water. Subsequently it was recognized that fluoride consumption in optimal amounts in the water supply protect against the development of dental caries without staining the teeth.
Objectives: The aim of this essay was to spot light on endemic fluorosis because it is a public health problem in many parts of the world including Egypt. Although it is an irreversible problem ,it can be prevented by simple defluoridation methods.