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Abstract
Summary
from July 2003 till July 2004, a total number of 2377 camels in different ages and sexes, and in different localities in Upper Egypt (El-Minea, Assiut, Sohage, El-Wady El Gadid, Aswan Governorates and Shalatin city) and in different seasons of the year. Of these camels, 313 cases were found with skin affections.
The different skin affections were classified according to the clinical observations and laboratory findings into: mange (4.84%), pseudotuberculosis (2.1%), contagious skin necrosis (1.56%), skin abscesses (1.14%) and tick infestation (5.9%).
One hundred and fifteen out of 2377 camels were demonstrating signs of mange in different parts of the animal body either in the acute or chronic stages of the disease in the form of severe itching, loss of hair, thickening and folding of the skin and in many cases skin became dark grey coloured. Examination of skin scrapings revealed that only three samples yielded mite parasite, one of these mites was sarcoptic mite and the other two mites could be identified as psoroptic mite.
In respect to seasonal influence, the percent of infection with mange was higher in hot months of the year (6.67%) than non hot months (3.19%). Meanwhile there was no significant difference in the percent of infection with mange in both sexes (non sex-linked disease). In regard to age susceptibility, the highest percent of infection with mange was 7.4% at camels between 7-8 years of age. Concerning spatial distribution, the highest prevalence of mange was found in El-Minea Governorate (17%).
Fifty out of 2377 examined camels showed signs of pseudotuberculosis, enlargement and suppuration of lymph nodes (ventral superficial cervical lymph, mandibular, axillary, accessory axillary and cubital lymph nodes). Some of the affected lymph nodes were hot, tender and slightly hard in consistency, meanwhile others were cold, tenderless and very hard in consistency. By incision, some abscesses discharged whitish or yellowish white caseo-purulent inspissated putty like material tinged with blood, other abscesses revealed no pus material. Bacteriological examination of pus samples revealed that Corynebacterium spp. was the predominant isolated bacteria either alone or mixed with other bacteria (53.7%).
Concerning seasonal influence, the percent of infection with pseudotuberculosis was nearly similar in hot (2.05%) and non hot months (2.15%) of the year, so season has no effect on occurrence of pseudotuberculosis. In regard to sex susceptibility, the percent of infection with pseudotuberculosis was higher in female camels (3.5%) than males (1.79%). Concerning age susceptibility, the highest percent of infection with pseudotuberculosis was 3.04% at camels between 9-10 years of age. Prevalence of pseudotuberculosis reached it’s peak at El Wady El Gadid Governorate (7.11%).
Thirty seven out of 2377 examined camels showed lesions of contagious skin necrosis in different parts of the animal body, these lesions appeared as areas of necrosed skin separated from the surrounding healthy skin, cold and very hard in consistency, when removed circular ulcer filled with white bloody pus remained. Microbiologically, the predominant isolated bacteria from these lesions was Staphylococcus aureus (60.61%).
In respect to seasonal influence, the percent of infection with contagious skin necrosis was high in hot months of the year (2.22%). Concerning sex susceptibility, there was no significant variation in the percent of infection with contagious skin necrosis in both sexes. In regard to age susceptibility, the highest percent of infection with contagious skin necrosis was 2.61% at camels between 9-10 years of age. Prevalence of contagious skin necrosis reached it’s peak at El Wady El Gadid Governorate (5.16%).
Skin abscesses were detected in twenty seven cases out of 2377 examined camels, either in the neck region, face and hind limb of the animal. These abscesses were rounded in shape, 5-7 cm in diameter , cold, painless and firm in consistency. Ruptured and incised abscesses contained thick, sticky yellow whitish pus tinged with blood. Bacteriological analysis of pus samples revealed that the predominant isolated Gram positive bacteria was Staphylococcus aureus, and Gram negative bacteria was Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
In regard to seasonal influence, the percent of infection with skin abscesses reached it’s peak at hot months of the year (1.6%). Concerning sex susceptibility, there was no significant variation in the percent of infection with skin abscesses in both sexes. In respect to age susceptibility, the highest percent of infection with skin abscesses was 2.17% at camels between 9-10 years of age. The highest prevalence of skin abscesses was 2.58% in El Wady El Gadid Governorate.
One hundred and forty out of 2377 camels were suffer from tick infestation and the most commonly affected sites were under the tail, around the anus, nostrils, udder and inguinal region. Tick infestation was more prevalent at the hot months of the year (8.36%), and the highest percent of infection with it was 8.26% at camels between 9-10 years of age, moreover, the highest prevalence of tick infestation was in Assiut Governorate (16.31%).
7.67% of camels with skin diseases were positive to trypanosoma infection by using blood film examination, meanwhile 31.95% were positive by using formol gel test, 30.35% were positive by using mercuric chloride test and 16.93% were positive by using thymol turbidity test. The percent of mixed infection of mange, pseudotuberculosis, contagious skin necrosis and skin abscesses with trypanosomosis were 40.9%, 50%, 64.86% and 55.6% respectively.
Summary
from July 2003 till July 2004, a total number of 2377 camels in different ages and sexes, and in different localities in Upper Egypt (El-Minea, Assiut, Sohage, El-Wady El Gadid, Aswan Governorates and Shalatin city) and in different seasons of the year. Of these camels, 313 cases were found with skin affections.
The different skin affections were classified according to the clinical observations and laboratory findings into: mange (4.84%), pseudotuberculosis (2.1%), contagious skin necrosis (1.56%), skin abscesses (1.14%) and tick infestation (5.9%).
One hundred and fifteen out of 2377 camels were demonstrating signs of mange in different parts of the animal body either in the acute or chronic stages of the disease in the form of severe itching, loss of hair, thickening and folding of the skin and in many cases skin became dark grey coloured. Examination of skin scrapings revealed that only three samples yielded mite parasite, one of these mites was sarcoptic mite and the other two mites could be identified as psoroptic mite.
In respect to seasonal influence, the percent of infection with mange was higher in hot months of the year (6.67%) than non hot months (3.19%). Meanwhile there was no significant difference in the percent of infection with mange in both sexes (non sex-linked disease). In regard to age susceptibility, the highest percent of infection with mange was 7.4% at camels between 7-8 years of age. Concerning spatial distribution, the highest prevalence of mange was found in El-Minea Governorate (17%).
Fifty out of 2377 examined camels showed signs of pseudotuberculosis, enlargement and suppuration of lymph nodes (ventral superficial cervical lymph, mandibular, axillary, accessory axillary and cubital lymph nodes). Some of the affected lymph nodes were hot, tender and slightly hard in consistency, meanwhile others were cold, tenderless and very hard in consistency. By incision, some abscesses discharged whitish or yellowish white caseo-purulent inspissated putty like material tinged with blood, other abscesses revealed no pus material. Bacteriological examination of pus samples revealed that Corynebacterium spp. was the predominant isolated bacteria either alone or mixed with other bacteria (53.7%).
Concerning seasonal influence, the percent of infection with pseudotuberculosis was nearly similar in hot (2.05%) and non hot months (2.15%) of the year, so season has no effect on occurrence of pseudotuberculosis. In regard to sex susceptibility, the percent of infection with pseudotuberculosis was higher in female camels (3.5%) than males (1.79%). Concerning age susceptibility, the highest percent of infection with pseudotuberculosis was 3.04% at camels between 9-10 years of age. Prevalence of pseudotuberculosis reached it’s peak at El Wady El Gadid Governorate (7.11%).
Thirty seven out of 2377 examined camels showed lesions of contagious skin necrosis in different parts of the animal body, these lesions appeared as areas of necrosed skin separated from the surrounding healthy skin, cold and very hard in consistency, when removed circular ulcer filled with white bloody pus remained. Microbiologically, the predominant isolated bacteria from these lesions was Staphylococcus aureus (60.61%).
In respect to seasonal influence, the percent of infection with contagious skin necrosis was high in hot months of the year (2.22%). Concerning sex susceptibility, there was no significant variation in the percent of infection with contagious skin necrosis in both sexes. In regard to age susceptibility, the highest percent of infection with contagious skin necrosis was 2.61% at camels between 9-10 years of age. Prevalence of contagious skin necrosis reached it’s peak at El Wady El Gadid Governorate (5.16%).
Skin abscesses were detected in twenty seven cases out of 2377 examined camels, either in the neck region, face and hind limb of the animal. These abscesses were rounded in shape, 5-7 cm in diameter , cold, painless and firm in consistency. Ruptured and incised abscesses contained thick, sticky yellow whitish pus tinged with blood. Bacteriological analysis of pus samples revealed that the predominant isolated Gram positive bacteria was Staphylococcus aureus, and Gram negative bacteria was Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
In regard to seasonal influence, the percent of infection with skin abscesses reached it’s peak at hot months of the year (1.6%). Concerning sex susceptibility, there was no significant variation in the percent of infection with skin abscesses in both sexes. In respect to age susceptibility, the highest percent of infection with skin abscesses was 2.17% at camels between 9-10 years of age. The highest prevalence of skin abscesses was 2.58% in El Wady El Gadid Governorate.
One hundred and forty out of 2377 camels were suffer from tick infestation and the most commonly affected sites were under the tail, around the anus, nostrils, udder and inguinal region. Tick infestation was more prevalent at the hot months of the year (8.36%), and the highest percent of infection with it was 8.26% at camels between 9-10 years of age, moreover, the highest prevalence of tick infestation was in Assiut Governorate (16.31%).
7.67% of camels with skin diseases were positive to trypanosoma infection by using blood film examination, meanwhile 31.95% were positive by using formol gel test, 30.35% were positive by using mercuric chloride test and 16.93% were positive by using thymol turbidity test. The percent of mixed infection of mange, pseudotuberculosis, contagious skin necrosis and skin abscesses with trypanosomosis were 40.9%, 50%, 64.86% and 55.6% respectively.
Summary
from July 2003 till July 2004, a total number of 2377 camels in different ages and sexes, and in different localities in Upper Egypt (El-Minea, Assiut, Sohage, El-Wady El Gadid, Aswan Governorates and Shalatin city) and in different seasons of the year. Of these camels, 313 cases were found with skin affections.
The different skin affections were classified according to the clinical observations and laboratory findings into: mange (4.84%), pseudotuberculosis (2.1%), contagious skin necrosis (1.56%), skin abscesses (1.14%) and tick infestation (5.9%).
One hundred and fifteen out of 2377 camels were demonstrating signs of mange in different parts of the animal body either in the acute or chronic stages of the disease in the form of severe itching, loss of hair, thickening and folding of the skin and in many cases skin became dark grey coloured. Examination of skin scrapings revealed that only three samples yielded mite parasite, one of these mites was sarcoptic mite and the other two mites could be identified as psoroptic mite.
In respect to seasonal influence, the percent of infection with mange was higher in hot months of the year (6.67%) than non hot months (3.19%). Meanwhile there was no significant difference in the percent of infection with mange in both sexes (non sex-linked disease). In regard to age susceptibility, the highest percent of infection with mange was 7.4% at camels between 7-8 years of age. Concerning spatial distribution, the highest prevalence of mange was found in El-Minea Governorate (17%).
Fifty out of 2377 examined camels showed signs of pseudotuberculosis, enlargement and suppuration of lymph nodes (ventral superficial cervical lymph, mandibular, axillary, accessory axillary and cubital lymph nodes). Some of the affected lymph nodes were hot, tender and slightly hard in consistency, meanwhile others were cold, tenderless and very hard in consistency. By incision, some abscesses discharged whitish or yellowish white caseo-purulent inspissated putty like material tinged with blood, other abscesses revealed no pus material. Bacteriological examination of pus samples revealed that Corynebacterium spp. was the predominant isolated bacteria either alone or mixed with other bacteria (53.7%).
Concerning seasonal influence, the percent of infection with pseudotuberculosis was nearly similar in hot (2.05%) and non hot months (2.15%) of the year, so season has no effect on occurrence of pseudotuberculosis. In regard to sex susceptibility, the percent of infection with pseudotuberculosis was higher in female camels (3.5%) than males (1.79%). Concerning age susceptibility, the highest percent of infection with pseudotuberculosis was 3.04% at camels between 9-10 years of age. Prevalence of pseudotuberculosis reached it’s peak at El Wady El Gadid Governorate (7.11%).
Thirty seven out of 2377 examined camels showed lesions of contagious skin necrosis in different parts of the animal body, these lesions appeared as areas of necrosed skin separated from the surrounding healthy skin, cold and very hard in consistency, when removed circular ulcer filled with white bloody pus remained. Microbiologically, the predominant isolated bacteria from these lesions was Staphylococcus aureus (60.61%).
In respect to seasonal influence, the percent of infection with contagious skin necrosis was high in hot months of the year (2.22%). Concerning sex susceptibility, there was no significant variation in the percent of infection with contagious skin necrosis in both sexes. In regard to age susceptibility, the highest percent of infection with contagious skin necrosis was 2.61% at camels between 9-10 years of age. Prevalence of contagious skin necrosis reached it’s peak at El Wady El Gadid Governorate (5.16%).
Skin abscesses were detected in twenty seven cases out of 2377 examined camels, either in the neck region, face and hind limb of the animal. These abscesses were rounded in shape, 5-7 cm in diameter , cold, painless and firm in consistency. Ruptured and incised abscesses contained thick, sticky yellow whitish pus tinged with blood. Bacteriological analysis of pus samples revealed that the predominant isolated Gram positive bacteria was Staphylococcus aureus, and Gram negative bacteria was Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
In regard to seasonal influence, the percent of infection with skin abscesses reached it’s peak at hot months of the year (1.6%). Concerning sex susceptibility, there was no significant variation in the percent of infection with skin abscesses in both sexes. In respect to age susceptibility, the highest percent of infection with skin abscesses was 2.17% at camels between 9-10 years of age. The highest prevalence of skin abscesses was 2.58% in El Wady El Gadid Governorate.
One hundred and forty out of 2377 camels were suffer from tick infestation and the most commonly affected sites were under the tail, around the anus, nostrils, udder and inguinal region. Tick infestation was more prevalent at the hot months of the year (8.36%), and the highest percent of infection with it was 8.26% at camels between 9-10 years of age, moreover, the highest prevalence of tick infestation was in Assiut Governorate (16.31%).
7.67% of camels with skin diseases were positive to trypanosoma infection by using blood film examination, meanwhile 31.95% were positive by using formol gel test, 30.35% were positive by using mercuric chloride test and 16.93% were positive by using thymol turbidity test. The percent of mixed infection of mange, pseudotuberculosis, contagious skin necrosis and skin abscesses with trypanosomosis were 40.9%, 50%, 64.86% and 55.6% respectively.
Summary
from July 2003 till July 2004, a total number of 2377 camels in different ages and sexes, and in different localities in Upper Egypt (El-Minea, Assiut, Sohage, El-Wady El Gadid, Aswan Governorates and Shalatin city) and in different seasons of the year. Of these camels, 313 cases were found with skin affections.
The different skin affections were classified according to the clinical observations and laboratory findings into: mange (4.84%), pseudotuberculosis (2.1%), contagious skin necrosis (1.56%), skin abscesses (1.14%) and tick infestation (5.9%).
One hundred and fifteen out of 2377 camels were demonstrating signs of mange in different parts of the animal body either in the acute or chronic stages of the disease in the form of severe itching, loss of hair, thickening and folding of the skin and in many cases skin became dark grey coloured. Examination of skin scrapings revealed that only three samples yielded mite parasite, one of these mites was sarcoptic mite and the other two mites could be identified as psoroptic mite.
In respect to seasonal influence, the percent of infection with mange was higher in hot months of the year (6.67%) than non hot months (3.19%). Meanwhile there was no significant difference in the percent of infection with mange in both sexes (non sex-linked disease). In regard to age susceptibility, the highest percent of infection with mange was 7.4% at camels between 7-8 years of age. Concerning spatial distribution, the highest prevalence of mange was found in El-Minea Governorate (17%).
Fifty out of 2377 examined camels showed signs of pseudotuberculosis, enlargement and suppuration of lymph nodes (ventral superficial cervical lymph, mandibular, axillary, accessory axillary and cubital lymph nodes). Some of the affected lymph nodes were hot, tender and slightly hard in consistency, meanwhile others were cold, tenderless and very hard in consistency. By incision, some abscesses discharged whitish or yellowish white caseo-purulent inspissated putty like material tinged with blood, other abscesses revealed no pus material. Bacteriological examination of pus samples revealed that Corynebacterium spp. was the predominant isolated bacteria either alone or mixed with other bacteria (53.7%).
Concerning seasonal influence, the percent of infection with pseudotuberculosis was nearly similar in hot (2.05%) and non hot months (2.15%) of the year, so season has no effect on occurrence of pseudotuberculosis. In regard to sex susceptibility, the percent of infection with pseudotuberculosis was higher in female camels (3.5%) than males (1.79%). Concerning age susceptibility, the highest percent of infection with pseudotuberculosis was 3.04% at camels between 9-10 years of age. Prevalence of pseudotuberculosis reached it’s peak at El Wady El Gadid Governorate (7.11%).
Thirty seven out of 2377 examined camels showed lesions of contagious skin necrosis in different parts of the animal body, these lesions appeared as areas of necrosed skin separated from the surrounding healthy skin, cold and very hard in consistency, when removed circular ulcer filled with white bloody pus remained. Microbiologically, the predominant isolated bacteria from these lesions was Staphylococcus aureus (60.61%).
In respect to seasonal influence, the percent of infection with contagious skin necrosis was high in hot months of the year (2.22%). Concerning sex susceptibility, there was no significant variation in the percent of infection with contagious skin necrosis in both sexes. In regard to age susceptibility, the highest percent of infection with contagious skin necrosis was 2.61% at camels between 9-10 years of age. Prevalence of contagious skin necrosis reached it’s peak at El Wady El Gadid Governorate (5.16%).
Skin abscesses were detected in twenty seven cases out of 2377 examined camels, either in the neck region, face and hind limb of the animal. These abscesses were rounded in shape, 5-7 cm in diameter , cold, painless and firm in consistency. Ruptured and incised abscesses contained thick, sticky yellow whitish pus tinged with blood. Bacteriological analysis of pus samples revealed that the predominant isolated Gram positive bacteria was Staphylococcus aureus, and Gram negative bacteria was Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
In regard to seasonal influence, the percent of infection with skin abscesses reached it’s peak at hot months of the year (1.6%). Concerning sex susceptibility, there was no significant variation in the percent of infection with skin abscesses in both sexes. In respect to age susceptibility, the highest percent of infection with skin abscesses was 2.17% at camels between 9-10 years of age. The highest prevalence of skin abscesses was 2.58% in El Wady El Gadid Governorate.
One hundred and forty out of 2377 camels were suffer from tick infestation and the most commonly affected sites were under the tail, around the anus, nostrils, udder and inguinal region. Tick infestation was more prevalent at the hot months of the year (8.36%), and the highest percent of infection with it was 8.26% at camels between 9-10 years of age, moreover, the highest prevalence of tick infestation was in Assiut Governorate (16.31%).
7.67% of camels with skin diseases were positive to trypanosoma infection by using blood film examination, meanwhile 31.95% were positive by using formol gel test, 30.35% were positive by using mercuric chloride test and 16.93% were positive by using thymol turbidity test. The percent of mixed infection of mange, pseudotuberculosis, contagious skin necrosis and skin abscesses with trypanosomosis were 40.9%, 50%, 64.86% and 55.6% respectively.
Summary
from July 2003 till July 2004, a total number of 2377 camels in different ages and sexes, and in different localities in Upper Egypt (El-Minea, Assiut, Sohage, El-Wady El Gadid, Aswan Governorates and Shalatin city) and in different seasons of the year. Of these camels, 313 cases were found with skin affections.
The different skin affections were classified according to the clinical observations and laboratory findings into: mange (4.84%), pseudotuberculosis (2.1%), contagious skin necrosis (1.56%), skin abscesses (1.14%) and tick infestation (5.9%).
One hundred and fifteen out of 2377 camels were demonstrating signs of mange in different parts of the animal body either in the acute or chronic stages of the disease in the form of severe itching, loss of hair, thickening and folding of the skin and in many cases skin became dark grey coloured. Examination of skin scrapings revealed that only three samples yielded mite parasite, one of these mites was sarcoptic mite and the other two mites could be identified as psoroptic mite.
In respect to seasonal influence, the percent of infection with mange was higher in hot months of the year (6.67%) than non hot months (3.19%). Meanwhile there was no significant difference in the percent of infection with mange in both sexes (non sex-linked disease). In regard to age susceptibility, the highest percent of infection with mange was 7.4% at camels between 7-8 years of age. Concerning spatial distribution, the highest prevalence of mange was found in El-Minea Governorate (17%).
Fifty out of 2377 examined camels showed signs of pseudotuberculosis, enlargement and suppuration of lymph nodes (ventral superficial cervical lymph, mandibular, axillary, accessory axillary and cubital lymph nodes). Some of the affected lymph nodes were hot, tender and slightly hard in consistency, meanwhile others were cold, tenderless and very hard in consistency. By incision, some abscesses discharged whitish or yellowish white caseo-purulent inspissated putty like material tinged with blood, other abscesses revealed no pus material. Bacteriological examination of pus samples revealed that Corynebacterium spp. was the predominant isolated bacteria either alone or mixed with other bacteria (53.7%).
Concerning seasonal influence, the percent of infection with pseudotuberculosis was nearly similar in hot (2.05%) and non hot months (2.15%) of the year, so season has no effect on occurrence of pseudotuberculosis. In regard to sex susceptibility, the percent of infection with pseudotuberculosis was higher in female camels (3.5%) than males (1.79%). Concerning age susceptibility, the highest percent of infection with pseudotuberculosis was 3.04% at camels between 9-10 years of age. Prevalence of pseudotuberculosis reached it’s peak at El Wady El Gadid Governorate (7.11%).
Thirty seven out of 2377 examined camels showed lesions of contagious skin necrosis in different parts of the animal body, these lesions appeared as areas of necrosed skin separated from the surrounding healthy skin, cold and very hard in consistency, when removed circular ulcer filled with white bloody pus remained. Microbiologically, the predominant isolated bacteria from these lesions was Staphylococcus aureus (60.61%).
In respect to seasonal influence, the percent of infection with contagious skin necrosis was high in hot months of the year (2.22%). Concerning sex susceptibility, there was no significant variation in the percent of infection with contagious skin necrosis in both sexes. In regard to age susceptibility, the highest percent of infection with contagious skin necrosis was 2.61% at camels between 9-10 years of age. Prevalence of contagious skin necrosis reached it’s peak at El Wady El Gadid Governorate (5.16%).
Skin abscesses were detected in twenty seven cases out of 2377 examined camels, either in the neck region, face and hind limb of the animal. These abscesses were rounded in shape, 5-7 cm in diameter , cold, painless and firm in consistency. Ruptured and incised abscesses contained thick, sticky yellow whitish pus tinged with blood. Bacteriological analysis of pus samples revealed that the predominant isolated Gram positive bacteria was Staphylococcus aureus, and Gram negative bacteria was Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
In regard to seasonal influence, the percent of infection with skin abscesses reached it’s peak at hot months of the year (1.6%). Concerning sex susceptibility, there was no significant variation in the percent of infection with skin abscesses in both sexes. In respect to age susceptibility, the highest percent of infection with skin abscesses was 2.17% at camels between 9-10 years of age. The highest prevalence of skin abscesses was 2.58% in El Wady El Gadid Governorate.
One hundred and forty out of 2377 camels were suffer from tick infestation and the most commonly affected sites were under the tail, around the anus, nostrils, udder and inguinal region. Tick infestation was more prevalent at the hot months of the year (8.36%), and the highest percent of infection with it was 8.26% at camels between 9-10 years of age, moreover, the highest prevalence of tick infestation was in Assiut Governorate (16.31%).
7.67% of camels with skin diseases were positive to trypanosoma infection by using blood film examination, meanwhile 31.95% were positive by using formol gel test, 30.35% were positive by using mercuric chloride test and 16.93% were positive by using thymol turbidity test. The percent of mixed infection of mange, pseudotuberculosis, contagious skin necrosis and skin abscesses with trypanosomosis were 40.9%, 50%, 64.86% and 55.6% respectively.
Summary
from July 2003 till July 2004, a total number of 2377 camels in different ages and sexes, and in different localities in Upper Egypt (El-Minea, Assiut, Sohage, El-Wady El Gadid, Aswan Governorates and Shalatin city) and in different seasons of the year. Of these camels, 313 cases were found with skin affections.
The different skin affections were classified according to the clinical observations and laboratory findings into: mange (4.84%), pseudotuberculosis (2.1%), contagious skin necrosis (1.56%), skin abscesses (1.14%) and tick infestation (5.9%).
One hundred and fifteen out of 2377 camels were demonstrating signs of mange in different parts of the animal body either in the acute or chronic stages of the disease in the form of severe itching, loss of hair, thickening and folding of the skin and in many cases skin became dark grey coloured. Examination of skin scrapings revealed that only three samples yielded mite parasite, one of these mites was sarcoptic mite and the other two mites could be identified as psoroptic mite.
In respect to seasonal influence, the percent of infection with mange was higher in hot months of the year (6.67%) than non hot months (3.19%). Meanwhile there was no significant difference in the percent of infection with mange in both sexes (non sex-linked disease). In regard to age susceptibility, the highest percent of infection with mange was 7.4% at camels between 7-8 years of age. Concerning spatial distribution, the highest prevalence of mange was found in El-Minea Governorate (17%).
Fifty out of 2377 examined camels showed signs of pseudotuberculosis, enlargement and suppuration of lymph nodes (ventral superficial cervical lymph, mandibular, axillary, accessory axillary and cubital lymph nodes). Some of the affected lymph nodes were hot, tender and slightly hard in consistency, meanwhile others were cold, tenderless and very hard in consistency. By incision, some abscesses discharged whitish or yellowish white caseo-purulent inspissated putty like material tinged with blood, other abscesses revealed no pus material. Bacteriological examination of pus samples revealed that Corynebacterium spp. was the predominant isolated bacteria either alone or mixed with other bacteria (53.7%).
Concerning seasonal influence, the percent of infection with pseudotuberculosis was nearly similar in hot (2.05%) and non hot months (2.15%) of the year, so season has no effect on occurrence of pseudotuberculosis. In regard to sex susceptibility, the percent of infection with pseudotuberculosis was higher in female camels (3.5%) than males (1.79%). Concerning age susceptibility, the highest percent of infection with pseudotuberculosis was 3.04% at camels between 9-10 years of age. Prevalence of pseudotuberculosis reached it’s peak at El Wady El Gadid Governorate (7.11%).
Thirty seven out of 2377 examined camels showed lesions of contagious skin necrosis in different parts of the animal body, these lesions appeared as areas of necrosed skin separated from the surrounding healthy skin, cold and very hard in consistency, when removed circular ulcer filled with white bloody pus remained. Microbiologically, the predominant isolated bacteria from these lesions was Staphylococcus aureus (60.61%).
In respect to seasonal influence, the percent of infection with contagious skin necrosis was high in hot months of the year (2.22%). Concerning sex susceptibility, there was no significant variation in the percent of infection with contagious skin necrosis in both sexes. In regard to age susceptibility, the highest percent of infection with contagious skin necrosis was 2.61% at camels between 9-10 years of age. Prevalence of contagious skin necrosis reached it’s peak at El Wady El Gadid Governorate (5.16%).
Skin abscesses were detected in twenty seven cases out of 2377 examined camels, either in the neck region, face and hind limb of the animal. These abscesses were rounded in shape, 5-7 cm in diameter , cold, painless and firm in consistency. Ruptured and incised abscesses contained thick, sticky yellow whitish pus tinged with blood. Bacteriological analysis of pus samples revealed that the predominant isolated Gram positive bacteria was Staphylococcus aureus, and Gram negative bacteria was Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
In regard to seasonal influence, the percent of infection with skin abscesses reached it’s peak at hot months of the year (1.6%). Concerning sex susceptibility, there was no significant variation in the percent of infection with skin abscesses in both sexes. In respect to age susceptibility, the highest percent of infection with skin abscesses was 2.17% at camels between 9-10 years of age. The highest prevalence of skin abscesses was 2.58% in El Wady El Gadid Governorate.
One hundred and forty out of 2377 camels were suffer from tick infestation and the most commonly affected sites were under the tail, around the anus, nostrils, udder and inguinal region. Tick infestation was more prevalent at the hot months of the year (8.36%), and the highest percent of infection with it was 8.26% at camels between 9-10 years of age, moreover, the highest prevalence of tick infestation was in Assiut Governorate (16.31%).
7.67% of camels with skin diseases were positive to trypanosoma infection by using blood film examination, meanwhile 31.95% were positive by using formol gel test, 30.35% were positive by using mercuric chloride test and 16.93% were positive by using thymol turbidity test. The percent of mixed infection of mange, pseudotuberculosis, contagious skin necrosis and skin abscesses with trypanosomosis were 40.9%, 50%, 64.86% and 55.6% respectively.
Summary
from July 2003 till July 2004, a total number of 2377 camels in different ages and sexes, and in different localities in Upper Egypt (El-Minea, Assiut, Sohage, El-Wady El Gadid, Aswan Governorates and Shalatin city) and in different seasons of the year. Of these camels, 313 cases were found with skin affections.
The different skin affections were classified according to the clinical observations and laboratory findings into: mange (4.84%), pseudotuberculosis (2.1%), contagious skin necrosis (1.56%), skin abscesses (1.14%) and tick infestation (5.9%).
One hundred and fifteen out of 2377 camels were demonstrating signs of mange in different parts of the animal body either in the acute or chronic stages of the disease in the form of severe itching, loss of hair, thickening and folding of the skin and in many cases skin became dark grey coloured. Examination of skin scrapings revealed that only three samples yielded mite parasite, one of these mites was sarcoptic mite and the other two mites could be identified as psoroptic mite.
In respect to seasonal influence, the percent of infection with mange was higher in hot months of the year (6.67%) than non hot months (3.19%). Meanwhile there was no significant difference in the percent of infection with mange in both sexes (non sex-linked disease). In regard to age susceptibility, the highest percent of infection with mange was 7.4% at camels between 7-8 years of age. Concerning spatial distribution, the highest prevalence of mange was found in El-Minea Governorate (17%).
Fifty out of 2377 examined camels showed signs of pseudotuberculosis, enlargement and suppuration of lymph nodes (ventral superficial cervical lymph, mandibular, axillary, accessory axillary and cubital lymph nodes). Some of the affected lymph nodes were hot, tender and slightly hard in consistency, meanwhile others were cold, tenderless and very hard in consistency. By incision, some abscesses discharged whitish or yellowish white caseo-purulent inspissated putty like material tinged with blood, other abscesses revealed no pus material. Bacteriological examination of pus samples revealed that Corynebacterium spp. was the predominant isolated bacteria either alone or mixed with other bacteria (53.7%).
Concerning seasonal influence, the percent of infection with pseudotuberculosis was nearly similar in hot (2.05%) and non hot months (2.15%) of the year, so season has no effect on occurrence of pseudotuberculosis. In regard to sex susceptibility, the percent of infection with pseudotuberculosis was higher in female camels (3.5%) than males (1.79%). Concerning age susceptibility, the highest percent of infection with pseudotuberculosis was 3.04% at camels between 9-10 years of age. Prevalence of pseudotuberculosis reached it’s peak at El Wady El Gadid Governorate (7.11%).
Thirty seven out of 2377 examined camels showed lesions of contagious skin necrosis in different parts of the animal body, these lesions appeared as areas of necrosed skin separated from the surrounding healthy skin, cold and very hard in consistency, when removed circular ulcer filled with white bloody pus remained. Microbiologically, the predominant isolated bacteria from these lesions was Staphylococcus aureus (60.61%).
In respect to seasonal influence, the percent of infection with contagious skin necrosis was high in hot months of the year (2.22%). Concerning sex susceptibility, there was no significant variation in the percent of infection with contagious skin necrosis in both sexes. In regard to age susceptibility, the highest percent of infection with contagious skin necrosis was 2.61% at camels between 9-10 years of age. Prevalence of contagious skin necrosis reached it’s peak at El Wady El Gadid Governorate (5.16%).
Skin abscesses were detected in twenty seven cases out of 2377 examined camels, either in the neck region, face and hind limb of the animal. These abscesses were rounded in shape, 5-7 cm in diameter , cold, painless and firm in consistency. Ruptured and incised abscesses contained thick, sticky yellow whitish pus tinged with blood. Bacteriological analysis of pus samples revealed that the predominant isolated Gram positive bacteria was Staphylococcus aureus, and Gram negative bacteria was Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
In regard to seasonal influence, the percent of infection with skin abscesses reached it’s peak at hot months of the year (1.6%). Concerning sex susceptibility, there was no significant variation in the percent of infection with skin abscesses in both sexes. In respect to age susceptibility, the highest percent of infection with skin abscesses was 2.17% at camels between 9-10 years of age. The highest prevalence of skin abscesses was 2.58% in El Wady El Gadid Governorate.
One hundred and forty out of 2377 camels were suffer from tick infestation and the most commonly affected sites were under the tail, around the anus, nostrils, udder and inguinal region. Tick infestation was more prevalent at the hot months of the year (8.36%), and the highest percent of infection with it was 8.26% at camels between 9-10 years of age, moreover, the highest prevalence of tick infestation was in Assiut Governorate (16.31%).
7.67% of camels with skin diseases were positive to trypanosoma infection by using blood film examination, meanwhile 31.95% were positive by using formol gel test, 30.35% were positive by using mercuric chloride test and 16.93% were positive by using thymol turbidity test. The percent of mixed infection of mange, pseudotuberculosis, contagious skin necrosis and skin abscesses with trypanosomosis were 40.9%, 50%, 64.86% and 55.6% respectively.
Summary
from July 2003 till July 2004, a total number of 2377 camels in different ages and sexes, and in different localities in Upper Egypt (El-Minea, Assiut, Sohage, El-Wady El Gadid, Aswan Governorates and Shalatin city) and in different seasons of the year. Of these camels, 313 cases were found with skin affections.
The different skin affections were classified according to the clinical observations and laboratory findings into: mange (4.84%), pseudotuberculosis (2.1%), contagious skin necrosis (1.56%), skin abscesses (1.14%) and tick infestation (5.9%).
One hundred and fifteen out of 2377 camels were demonstrating signs of mange in different parts of the animal body either in the acute or chronic stages of the disease in the form of severe itching, loss of hair, thickening and folding of the skin and in many cases skin became dark grey coloured. Examination of skin scrapings revealed that only three samples yielded mite parasite, one of these mites was sarcoptic mite and the other two mites could be identified as psoroptic mite.
In respect to seasonal influence, the percent of infection with mange was higher in hot months of the year (6.67%) than non hot months (3.19%). Meanwhile there was no significant difference in the percent of infection with mange in both sexes (non sex-linked disease). In regard to age susceptibility, the highest percent of infection with mange was 7.4% at camels between 7-8 years of age. Concerning spatial distribution, the highest prevalence of mange was found in El-Minea Governorate (17%).
Fifty out of 2377 examined camels showed signs of pseudotuberculosis, enlargement and suppuration of lymph nodes (ventral superficial cervical lymph, mandibular, axillary, accessory axillary and cubital lymph nodes). Some of the affected lymph nodes were hot, tender and slightly hard in consistency, meanwhile others were cold, tenderless and very hard in consistency. By incision, some abscesses discharged whitish or yellowish white caseo-purulent inspissated putty like material tinged with blood, other abscesses revealed no pus material. Bacteriological examination of pus samples revealed that Corynebacterium spp. was the predominant isolated bacteria either alone or mixed with other bacteria (53.7%).
Concerning seasonal influence, the percent of infection with pseudotuberculosis was nearly similar in hot (2.05%) and non hot months (2.15%) of the year, so season has no effect on occurrence of pseudotuberculosis. In regard to sex susceptibility, the percent of infection with pseudotuberculosis was higher in female camels (3.5%) than males (1.79%). Concerning age susceptibility, the highest percent of infection with pseudotuberculosis was 3.04% at camels between 9-10 years of age. Prevalence of pseudotuberculosis reached it’s peak at El Wady El Gadid Governorate (7.11%).
Thirty seven out of 2377 examined camels showed lesions of contagious skin necrosis in different parts of the animal body, these lesions appeared as areas of necrosed skin separated from the surrounding healthy skin, cold and very hard in consistency, when removed circular ulcer filled with white bloody pus remained. Microbiologically, the predominant isolated bacteria from these lesions was Staphylococcus aureus (60.61%).
In respect to seasonal influence, the percent of infection with contagious skin necrosis was high in hot months of the year (2.22%). Concerning sex susceptibility, there was no significant variation in the percent of infection with contagious skin necrosis in both sexes. In regard to age susceptibility, the highest percent of infection with contagious skin necrosis was 2.61% at camels between 9-10 years of age. Prevalence of contagious skin necrosis reached it’s peak at El Wady El Gadid Governorate (5.16%).
Skin abscesses were detected in twenty seven cases out of 2377 examined camels, either in the neck region, face and hind limb of the animal. These abscesses were rounded in shape, 5-7 cm in diameter , cold, painless and firm in consistency. Ruptured and incised abscesses contained thick, sticky yellow whitish pus tinged with blood. Bacteriological analysis of pus samples revealed that the predominant isolated Gram positive bacteria was Staphylococcus aureus, and Gram negative bacteria was Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
In regard to seasonal influence, the percent of infection with skin abscesses reached it’s peak at hot months of the year (1.6%). Concerning sex susceptibility, there was no significant variation in the percent of infection with skin abscesses in both sexes. In respect to age susceptibility, the highest percent of infection with skin abscesses was 2.17% at camels between 9-10 years of age. The highest prevalence of skin abscesses was 2.58% in El Wady El Gadid Governorate.
One hundred and forty out of 2377 camels were suffer from tick infestation and the most commonly affected sites were under the tail, around the anus, nostrils, udder and inguinal region. Tick infestation was more prevalent at the hot months of the year (8.36%), and the highest percent of infection with it was 8.26% at camels between 9-10 years of age, moreover, the highest prevalence of tick infestation was in Assiut Governorate (16.31%).
7.67% of camels with skin diseases were positive to trypanosoma infection by using blood film examination, meanwhile 31.95% were positive by using formol gel test, 30.35% were positive by using mercuric chloride test and 16.93% were positive by using thymol turbidity test. The percent of mixed infection of mange, pseudotuberculosis, contagious skin necrosis and skin abscesses with trypanosomosis were 40.9%, 50%, 64.86% and 55.6% respectively.
Summary
from July 2003 till July 2004, a total number of 2377 camels in different ages and sexes, and in different localities in Upper Egypt (El-Minea, Assiut, Sohage, El-Wady El Gadid, Aswan Governorates and Shalatin city) and in different seasons of the year. Of these camels, 313 cases were found with skin affections.
The different skin affections were classified according to the clinical observations and laboratory findings into: mange (4.84%), pseudotuberculosis (2.1%), contagious skin necrosis (1.56%), skin abscesses (1.14%) and tick infestation (5.9%).
One hundred and fifteen out of 2377 camels were demonstrating signs of mange in different parts of the animal body either in the acute or chronic stages of the disease in the form of severe itching, loss of hair, thickening and folding of the skin and in many cases skin became dark grey coloured. Examination of skin scrapings revealed that only three samples yielded mite parasite, one of these mites was sarcoptic mite and the other two mites could be identified as psoroptic mite.
In respect to seasonal influence, the percent of infection with mange was higher in hot months of the year (6.67%) than non hot months (3.19%). Meanwhile there was no significant difference in the percent of infection with mange in both sexes (non sex-linked disease). In regard to age susceptibility, the highest percent of infection with mange was 7.4% at camels between 7-8 years of age. Concerning spatial distribution, the highest prevalence of mange was found in El-Minea Governorate (17%).
Fifty out of 2377 examined camels showed signs of pseudotuberculosis, enlargement and suppuration of lymph nodes (ventral superficial cervical lymph, mandibular, axillary, accessory axillary and cubital lymph nodes). Some of the affected lymph nodes were hot, tender and slightly hard in consistency, meanwhile others were cold, tenderless and very hard in consistency. By incision, some abscesses discharged whitish or yellowish white caseo-purulent inspissated putty like material tinged with blood, other abscesses revealed no pus material. Bacteriological examination of pus samples revealed that Corynebacterium spp. was the predominant isolated bacteria either alone or mixed with other bacteria (53.7%).
Concerning seasonal influence, the percent of infection with pseudotuberculosis was nearly similar in hot (2.05%) and non hot months (2.15%) of the year, so season has no effect on occurrence of pseudotuberculosis. In regard to sex susceptibility, the percent of infection with pseudotuberculosis was higher in female camels (3.5%) than males (1.79%). Concerning age susceptibility, the highest percent of infection with pseudotuberculosis was 3.04% at camels between 9-10 years of age. Prevalence of pseudotuberculosis reached it’s peak at El Wady El Gadid Governorate (7.11%).
Thirty seven out of 2377 examined camels showed lesions of contagious skin necrosis in different parts of the animal body, these lesions appeared as areas of necrosed skin separated from the surrounding healthy skin, cold and very hard in consistency, when removed circular ulcer filled with white bloody pus remained. Microbiologically, the predominant isolated bacteria from these lesions was Staphylococcus aureus (60.61%).
In respect to seasonal influence, the percent of infection with contagious skin necrosis was high in hot months of the year (2.22%). Concerning sex susceptibility, there was no significant variation in the percent of infection with contagious skin necrosis in both sexes. In regard to age susceptibility, the highest percent of infection with contagious skin necrosis was 2.61% at camels between 9-10 years of age. Prevalence of contagious skin necrosis reached it’s peak at El Wady El Gadid Governorate (5.16%).
Skin abscesses were detected in twenty seven cases out of 2377 examined camels, either in the neck region, face and hind limb of the animal. These abscesses were rounded in shape, 5-7 cm in diameter , cold, painless and firm in consistency. Ruptured and incised abscesses contained thick, sticky yellow whitish pus tinged with blood. Bacteriological analysis of pus samples revealed that the predominant isolated Gram positive bacteria was Staphylococcus aureus, and Gram negative bacteria was Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
In regard to seasonal influence, the percent of infection with skin abscesses reached it’s peak at hot months of the year (1.6%). Concerning sex susceptibility, there was no significant variation in the percent of infection with skin abscesses in both sexes. In respect to age susceptibility, the highest percent of infection with skin abscesses was 2.17% at camels between 9-10 years of age. The highest prevalence of skin abscesses was 2.58% in El Wady El Gadid Governorate.
One hundred and forty out of 2377 camels were suffer from tick infestation and the most commonly affected sites were under the tail, around the anus, nostrils, udder and inguinal region. Tick infestation was more prevalent at the hot months of the year (8.36%), and the highest percent of infection with it was 8.26% at camels between 9-10 years of age, moreover, the highest prevalence of tick infestation was in Assiut Governorate (16.31%).
7.67% of camels with skin diseases were positive to trypanosoma infection by using blood film examination, meanwhile 31.95% were positive by using formol gel test, 30.35% were positive by using mercuric chloride test and 16.93% were positive by using thymol turbidity test. The percent of mixed infection of mange, pseudotuberculosis, contagious skin necrosis and skin abscesses with trypanosomosis were 40.9%, 50%, 64.86% and 55.6% respectively.
Summary
from July 2003 till July 2004, a total number of 2377 camels in different ages and sexes, and in different localities in Upper Egypt (El-Minea, Assiut, Sohage, El-Wady El Gadid, Aswan Governorates and Shalatin city) and in different seasons of the year. Of these camels, 313 cases were found with skin affections.
The different skin affections were classified according to the clinical observations and laboratory findings into: mange (4.84%), pseudotuberculosis (2.1%), contagious skin necrosis (1.56%), skin abscesses (1.14%) and tick infestation (5.9%).
One hundred and fifteen out of 2377 camels were demonstrating signs of mange in different parts of the animal body either in the acute or chronic stages of the disease in the form of severe itching, loss of hair, thickening and folding of the skin and in many cases skin became dark grey coloured. Examination of skin scrapings revealed that only three samples yielded mite parasite, one of these mites was sarcoptic mite and the other two mites could be identified as psoroptic mite.
In respect to seasonal influence, the percent of infection with mange was higher in hot months of the year (6.67%) than non hot months (3.19%). Meanwhile there was no significant difference in the percent of infection with mange in both sexes (non sex-linked disease). In regard to age susceptibility, the highest percent of infection with mange was 7.4% at camels between 7-8 years of age. Concerning spatial distribution, the highest prevalence of mange was found in El-Minea Governorate (17%).
Fifty out of 2377 examined camels showed signs of pseudotuberculosis, enlargement and suppuration of lymph nodes (ventral superficial cervical lymph, mandibular, axillary, accessory axillary and cubital lymph nodes). Some of the affected lymph nodes were hot, tender and slightly hard in consistency, meanwhile others were cold, tenderless and very hard in consistency. By incision, some abscesses discharged whitish or yellowish white caseo-purulent inspissated putty like material tinged with blood, other abscesses revealed no pus material. Bacteriological examination of pus samples revealed that Corynebacterium spp. was the predominant isolated bacteria either alone or mixed with other bacteria (53.7%).
Concerning seasonal influence, the percent of infection with pseudotuberculosis was nearly similar in hot (2.05%) and non hot months (2.15%) of the year, so season has no effect on occurrence of pseudotuberculosis. In regard to sex susceptibility, the percent of infection with pseudotuberculosis was higher in female camels (3.5%) than males (1.79%). Concerning age susceptibility, the highest percent of infection with pseudotuberculosis was 3.04% at camels between 9-10 years of age. Prevalence of pseudotuberculosis reached it’s peak at El Wady El Gadid Governorate (7.11%).
Thirty seven out of 2377 examined camels showed lesions of contagious skin necrosis in different parts of the animal body, these lesions appeared as areas of necrosed skin separated from the surrounding healthy skin, cold and very hard in consistency, when removed circular ulcer filled with white bloody pus remained. Microbiologically, the predominant isolated bacteria from these lesions was Staphylococcus aureus (60.61%).
In respect to seasonal influence, the percent of infection with contagious skin necrosis was high in hot months of the year (2.22%). Concerning sex susceptibility, there was no significant variation in the percent of infection with contagious skin necrosis in both sexes. In regard to age susceptibility, the highest percent of infection with contagious skin necrosis was 2.61% at camels between 9-10 years of age. Prevalence of contagious skin necrosis reached it’s peak at El Wady El Gadid Governorate (5.16%).
Skin abscesses were detected in twenty seven cases out of 2377 examined camels, either in the neck region, face and hind limb of the animal. These abscesses were rounded in shape, 5-7 cm in diameter , cold, painless and firm in consistency. Ruptured and incised abscesses contained thick, sticky yellow whitish pus tinged with blood. Bacteriological analysis of pus samples revealed that the predominant isolated Gram positive bacteria was Staphylococcus aureus, and Gram negative bacteria was Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
In regard to seasonal influence, the percent of infection with skin abscesses reached it’s peak at hot months of the year (1.6%). Concerning sex susceptibility, there was no significant variation in the percent of infection with skin abscesses in both sexes. In respect to age susceptibility, the highest percent of infection with skin abscesses was 2.17% at camels between 9-10 years of age. The highest prevalence of skin abscesses was 2.58% in El Wady El Gadid Governorate.
One hundred and forty out of 2377 camels were suffer from tick infestation and the most commonly affected sites were under the tail, around the anus, nostrils, udder and inguinal region. Tick infestation was more prevalent at the hot months of the year (8.36%), and the highest percent of infection with it was 8.26% at camels between 9-10 years of age, moreover, the highest prevalence of tick infestation was in Assiut Governorate (16.31%).
7.67% of camels with skin diseases were positive to trypanosoma infection by using blood film examination, meanwhile 31.95% were positive by using formol gel test, 30.35% were positive by using mercuric chloride test and 16.93% were positive by using thymol turbidity test. The percent of mixed infection of mange, pseudotuberculosis, contagious skin necrosis and skin abscesses with trypanosomosis were 40.9%, 50%, 64.86% and 55.6% respectively.
Summary
from July 2003 till July 2004, a total number of 2377 camels in different ages and sexes, and in different localities in Upper Egypt (El-Minea, Assiut, Sohage, El-Wady El Gadid, Aswan Governorates and Shalatin city) and in different seasons of the year. Of these camels, 313 cases were found with skin affections.
The different skin affections were classified according to the clinical observations and laboratory findings into: mange (4.84%), pseudotuberculosis (2.1%), contagious skin necrosis (1.56%), skin abscesses (1.14%) and tick infestation (5.9%).
One hundred and fifteen out of 2377 camels were demonstrating signs of mange in different parts of the animal body either in the acute or chronic stages of the disease in the form of severe itching, loss of hair, thickening and folding of the skin and in many cases skin became dark grey coloured. Examination of skin scrapings revealed that only three samples yielded mite parasite, one of these mites was sarcoptic mite and the other two mites could be identified as psoroptic mite.
In respect to seasonal influence, the percent of infection with mange was higher in hot months of the year (6.67%) than non hot months (3.19%). Meanwhile there was no significant difference in the percent of infection with mange in both sexes (non sex-linked disease). In regard to age susceptibility, the highest percent of infection with mange was 7.4% at camels between 7-8 years of age. Concerning spatial distribution, the highest prevalence of mange was found in El-Minea Governorate (17%).
Fifty out of 2377 examined camels showed signs of pseudotuberculosis, enlargement and suppuration of lymph nodes (ventral superficial cervical lymph, mandibular, axillary, accessory axillary and cubital lymph nodes). Some of the affected lymph nodes were hot, tender and slightly hard in consistency, meanwhile others were cold, tenderless and very hard in consistency. By incision, some abscesses discharged whitish or yellowish white caseo-purulent inspissated putty like material tinged with blood, other abscesses revealed no pus material. Bacteriological examination of pus samples revealed that Corynebacterium spp. was the predominant isolated bacteria either alone or mixed with other bacteria (53.7%).
Concerning seasonal influence, the percent of infection with pseudotuberculosis was nearly similar in hot (2.05%) and non hot months (2.15%) of the year, so season has no effect on occurrence of pseudotuberculosis. In regard to sex susceptibility, the percent of infection with pseudotuberculosis was higher in female camels (3.5%) than males (1.79%). Concerning age susceptibility, the highest percent of infection with pseudotuberculosis was 3.04% at camels between 9-10 years of age. Prevalence of pseudotuberculosis reached it’s peak at El Wady El Gadid Governorate (7.11%).
Thirty seven out of 2377 examined camels showed lesions of contagious skin necrosis in different parts of the animal body, these lesions appeared as areas of necrosed skin separated from the surrounding healthy skin, cold and very hard in consistency, when removed circular ulcer filled with white bloody pus remained. Microbiologically, the predominant isolated bacteria from these lesions was Staphylococcus aureus (60.61%).
In respect to seasonal influence, the percent of infection with contagious skin necrosis was high in hot months of the year (2.22%). Concerning sex susceptibility, there was no significant variation in the percent of infection with contagious skin necrosis in both sexes. In regard to age susceptibility, the highest percent of infection with contagious skin necrosis was 2.61% at camels between 9-10 years of age. Prevalence of contagious skin necrosis reached it’s peak at El Wady El Gadid Governorate (5.16%).
Skin abscesses were detected in twenty seven cases out of 2377 examined camels, either in the neck region, face and hind limb of the animal. These abscesses were rounded in shape, 5-7 cm in diameter , cold, painless and firm in consistency. Ruptured and incised abscesses contained thick, sticky yellow whitish pus tinged with blood. Bacteriological analysis of pus samples revealed that the predominant isolated Gram positive bacteria was Staphylococcus aureus, and Gram negative bacteria was Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
In regard to seasonal influence, the percent of infection with skin abscesses reached it’s peak at hot months of the year (1.6%). Concerning sex susceptibility, there was no significant variation in the percent of infection with skin abscesses in both sexes. In respect to age susceptibility, the highest percent of infection with skin abscesses was 2.17% at camels between 9-10 years of age. The highest prevalence of skin abscesses was 2.58% in El Wady El Gadid Governorate.
One hundred and forty out of 2377 camels were suffer from tick infestation and the most commonly affected sites were under the tail, around the anus, nostrils, udder and inguinal region. Tick infestation was more prevalent at the hot months of the year (8.36%), and the highest percent of infection with it was 8.26% at camels between 9-10 years of age, moreover, the highest prevalence of tick infestation was in Assiut Governorate (16.31%).
7.67% of camels with skin diseases were positive to trypanosoma infection by using blood film examination, meanwhile 31.95% were positive by using formol gel test, 30.35% were positive by using mercuric chloride test and 16.93% were positive by using thymol turbidity test. The percent of mixed infection of mange, pseudotuberculosis, contagious skin necrosis and skin abscesses with trypanosomosis were 40.9%, 50%, 64.86% and 55.6% respectively.
Summary
from July 2003 till July 2004, a total number of 2377 camels in different ages and sexes, and in different localities in Upper Egypt (El-Minea, Assiut, Sohage, El-Wady El Gadid, Aswan Governorates and Shalatin city) and in different seasons of the year. Of these camels, 313 cases were found with skin affections.
The different skin affections were classified according to the clinical observations and laboratory findings into: mange (4.84%), pseudotuberculosis (2.1%), contagious skin necrosis (1.56%), skin abscesses (1.14%) and tick infestation (5.9%).
One hundred and fifteen out of 2377 camels were demonstrating signs of mange in different parts of the animal body either in the acute or chronic stages of the disease in the form of severe itching, loss of hair, thickening and folding of the skin and in many cases skin became dark grey coloured. Examination of skin scrapings revealed that only three samples yielded mite parasite, one of these mites was sarcoptic mite and the other two mites could be identified as psoroptic mite.
In respect to seasonal influence, the percent of infection with mange was higher in hot months of the year (6.67%) than non hot months (3.19%). Meanwhile there was no significant difference in the percent of infection with mange in both sexes (non sex-linked disease). In regard to age susceptibility, the highest percent of infection with mange was 7.4% at camels between 7-8 years of age. Concerning spatial distribution, the highest prevalence of mange was found in El-Minea Governorate (17%).
Fifty out of 2377 examined camels showed signs of pseudotuberculosis, enlargement and suppuration of lymph nodes (ventral superficial cervical lymph, mandibular, axillary, accessory axillary and cubital lymph nodes). Some of the affected lymph nodes were hot, tender and slightly hard in consistency, meanwhile others were cold, tenderless and very hard in consistency. By incision, some abscesses discharged whitish or yellowish white caseo-purulent inspissated putty like material tinged with blood, other abscesses revealed no pus material. Bacteriological examination of pus samples revealed that Corynebacterium spp. was the predominant isolated bacteria either alone or mixed with other bacteria (53.7%).
Concerning seasonal influence, the percent of infection with pseudotuberculosis was nearly similar in hot (2.05%) and non hot months (2.15%) of the year, so season has no effect on occurrence of pseudotuberculosis. In regard to sex susceptibility, the percent of infection with pseudotuberculosis was higher in female camels (3.5%) than males (1.79%). Concerning age susceptibility, the highest percent of infection with pseudotuberculosis was 3.04% at camels between 9-10 years of age. Prevalence of pseudotuberculosis reached it’s peak at El Wady El Gadid Governorate (7.11%).
Thirty seven out of 2377 examined camels showed lesions of contagious skin necrosis in different parts of the animal body, these lesions appeared as areas of necrosed skin separated from the surrounding healthy skin, cold and very hard in consistency, when removed circular ulcer filled with white bloody pus remained. Microbiologically, the predominant isolated bacteria from these lesions was Staphylococcus aureus (60.61%).
In respect to seasonal influence, the percent of infection with contagious skin necrosis was high in hot months of the year (2.22%). Concerning sex susceptibility, there was no significant variation in the percent of infection with contagious skin necrosis in both sexes. In regard to age susceptibility, the highest percent of infection with contagious skin necrosis was 2.61% at camels between 9-10 years of age. Prevalence of contagious skin necrosis reached it’s peak at El Wady El Gadid Governorate (5.16%).
Skin abscesses were detected in twenty seven cases out of 2377 examined camels, either in the neck region, face and hind limb of the animal. These abscesses were rounded in shape, 5-7 cm in diameter , cold, painless and firm in consistency. Ruptured and incised abscesses contained thick, sticky yellow whitish pus tinged with blood. Bacteriological analysis of pus samples revealed that the predominant isolated Gram positive bacteria was Staphylococcus aureus, and Gram negative bacteria was Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
In regard to seasonal influence, the percent of infection with skin abscesses reached it’s peak at hot months of the year (1.6%). Concerning sex susceptibility, there was no significant variation in the percent of infection with skin abscesses in both sexes. In respect to age susceptibility, the highest percent of infection with skin abscesses was 2.17% at camels between 9-10 years of age. The highest prevalence of skin abscesses was 2.58% in El Wady El Gadid Governorate.
One hundred and forty out of 2377 camels were suffer from tick infestation and the most commonly affected sites were under the tail, around the anus, nostrils, udder and inguinal region. Tick infestation was more prevalent at the hot months of the year (8.36%), and the highest percent of infection with it was 8.26% at camels between 9-10 years of age, moreover, the highest prevalence of tick infestation was in Assiut Governorate (16.31%).
7.67% of camels with skin diseases were positive to trypanosoma infection by using blood film examination, meanwhile 31.95% were positive by using formol gel test, 30.35% were positive by using mercuric chloride test and 16.93% were positive by using thymol turbidity test. The percent of mixed infection of mange, pseudotuberculosis, contagious skin necrosis and skin abscesses with trypanosomosis were 40.9%, 50%, 64.86% and 55.6% respectively.
Summary
from July 2003 till July 2004, a total number of 2377 camels in different ages and sexes, and in different localities in Upper Egypt (El-Minea, Assiut, Sohage, El-Wady El Gadid, Aswan Governorates and Shalatin city) and in different seasons of the year. Of these camels, 313 cases were found with skin affections.
The different skin affections were classified according to the clinical observations and laboratory findings into: mange (4.84%), pseudotuberculosis (2.1%), contagious skin necrosis (1.56%), skin abscesses (1.14%) and tick infestation (5.9%).
One hundred and fifteen out of 2377 camels were demonstrating signs of mange in different parts of the animal body either in the acute or chronic stages of the disease in the form of severe itching, loss of hair, thickening and folding of the skin and in many cases skin became dark grey coloured. Examination of skin scrapings revealed that only three samples yielded mite parasite, one of these mites was sarcoptic mite and the other two mites could be identified as psoroptic mite.
In respect to seasonal influence, the percent of infection with mange was higher in hot months of the year (6.67%) than non hot months (3.19%). Meanwhile there was no significant difference in the percent of infection with mange in both sexes (non sex-linked disease). In regard to age susceptibility, the highest percent of infection with mange was 7.4% at camels between 7-8 years of age. Concerning spatial distribution, the highest prevalence of mange was found in El-Minea Governorate (17%).
Fifty out of 2377 examined camels showed signs of pseudotuberculosis, enlargement and suppuration of lymph nodes (ventral superficial cervical lymph, mandibular, axillary, accessory axillary and cubital lymph nodes). Some of the affected lymph nodes were hot, tender and slightly hard in consistency, meanwhile others were cold, tenderless and very hard in consistency. By incision, some abscesses discharged whitish or yellowish white caseo-purulent inspissated putty like material tinged with blood, other abscesses revealed no pus material. Bacteriological examination of pus samples revealed that Corynebacterium spp. was the predominant isolated bacteria either alone or mixed with other bacteria (53.7%).
Concerning seasonal influence, the percent of infection with pseudotuberculosis was nearly similar in hot (2.05%) and non hot months (2.15%) of the year, so season has no effect on occurrence of pseudotuberculosis. In regard to sex susceptibility, the percent of infection with pseudotuberculosis was higher in female camels (3.5%) than males (1.79%). Concerning age susceptibility, the highest percent of infection with pseudotuberculosis was 3.04% at camels between 9-10 years of age. Prevalence of pseudotuberculosis reached it’s peak at El Wady El Gadid Governorate (7.11%).
Thirty seven out of 2377 examined camels showed lesions of contagious skin necrosis in different parts of the animal body, these lesions appeared as areas of necrosed skin separated from the surrounding healthy skin, cold and very hard in consistency, when removed circular ulcer filled with white bloody pus remained. Microbiologically, the predominant isolated bacteria from these lesions was Staphylococcus aureus (60.61%).
In respect to seasonal influence, the percent of infection with contagious skin necrosis was high in hot months of the year (2.22%). Concerning sex susceptibility, there was no significant variation in the percent of infection with contagious skin necrosis in both sexes. In regard to age susceptibility, the highest percent of infection with contagious skin necrosis was 2.61% at camels between 9-10 years of age. Prevalence of contagious skin necrosis reached it’s peak at El Wady El Gadid Governorate (5.16%).
Skin abscesses were detected in twenty seven cases out of 2377 examined camels, either in the neck region, face and hind limb of the animal. These abscesses were rounded in shape, 5-7 cm in diameter , cold, painless and firm in consistency. Ruptured and incised abscesses contained thick, sticky yellow whitish pus tinged with blood. Bacteriological analysis of pus samples revealed that the predominant isolated Gram positive bacteria was Staphylococcus aureus, and Gram negative bacteria was Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
In regard to seasonal influence, the percent of infection with skin abscesses reached it’s peak at hot months of the year (1.6%). Concerning sex susceptibility, there was no significant variation in the percent of infection with skin abscesses in both sexes. In respect to age susceptibility, the highest percent of infection with skin abscesses was 2.17% at camels between 9-10 years of age. The highest prevalence of skin abscesses was 2.58% in El Wady El Gadid Governorate.
One hundred and forty out of 2377 camels were suffer from tick infestation and the most commonly affected sites were under the tail, around the anus, nostrils, udder and inguinal region. Tick infestation was more prevalent at the hot months of the year (8.36%), and the highest percent of infection with it was 8.26% at camels between 9-10 years of age, moreover, the highest prevalence of tick infestation was in Assiut Governorate (16.31%).
7.67% of camels with skin diseases were positive to trypanosoma infection by using blood film examination, meanwhile 31.95% were positive by using formol gel test, 30.35% were positive by using mercuric chloride test and 16.93% were positive by using thymol turbidity test. The percent of mixed infection of mange, pseudotuberculosis, contagious skin necrosis and skin abscesses with trypanosomosis were 40.9%, 50%, 64.86% and 55.6% respectively.
Summary
from July 2003 till July 2004, a total number of 2377 camels in different ages and sexes, and in different localities in Upper Egypt (El-Minea, Assiut, Sohage, El-Wady El Gadid, Aswan Governorates and Shalatin city) and in different seasons of the year. Of these camels, 313 cases were found with skin affections.
The different skin affections were classified according to the clinical observations and laboratory findings into: mange (4.84%), pseudotuberculosis (2.1%), contagious skin necrosis (1.56%), skin abscesses (1.14%) and tick infestation (5.9%).
One hundred and fifteen out of 2377 camels were demonstrating signs of mange in different parts of the animal body either in the acute or chronic stages of the disease in the form of severe itching, loss of hair, thickening and folding of the skin and in many cases skin became dark grey coloured. Examination of skin scrapings revealed that only three samples yielded mite parasite, one of these mites was sarcoptic mite and the other two mites could be identified as psoroptic mite.
In respect to seasonal influence, the percent of infection with mange was higher in hot months of the year (6.67%) than non hot months (3.19%). Meanwhile there was no significant difference in the percent of infection with mange in both sexes (non sex-linked disease). In regard to age susceptibility, the highest percent of infection with mange was 7.4% at camels between 7-8 years of age. Concerning spatial distribution, the highest prevalence of mange was found in El-Minea Governorate (17%).
Fifty out of 2377 examined camels showed signs of pseudotuberculosis, enlargement and suppuration of lymph nodes (ventral superficial cervical lymph, mandibular, axillary, accessory axillary and cubital lymph nodes). Some of the affected lymph nodes were hot, tender and slightly hard in consistency, meanwhile others were cold, tenderless and very hard in consistency. By incision, some abscesses discharged whitish or yellowish white caseo-purulent inspissated putty like material tinged with blood, other abscesses revealed no pus material. Bacteriological examination of pus samples revealed that Corynebacterium spp. was the predominant isolated bacteria either alone or mixed with other bacteria (53.7%).
Concerning seasonal influence, the percent of infection with pseudotuberculosis was nearly similar in hot (2.05%) and non hot months (2.15%) of the year, so season has no effect on occurrence of pseudotuberculosis. In regard to sex susceptibility, the percent of infection with pseudotuberculosis was higher in female camels (3.5%) than males (1.79%). Concerning age susceptibility, the highest percent of infection with pseudotuberculosis was 3.04% at camels between 9-10 years of age. Prevalence of pseudotuberculosis reached it’s peak at El Wady El Gadid Governorate (7.11%).
Thirty seven out of 2377 examined camels showed lesions of contagious skin necrosis in different parts of the animal body, these lesions appeared as areas of necrosed skin separated from the surrounding healthy skin, cold and very hard in consistency, when removed circular ulcer filled with white bloody pus remained. Microbiologically, the predominant isolated bacteria from these lesions was Staphylococcus aureus (60.61%).
In respect to seasonal influence, the percent of infection with contagious skin necrosis was high in hot months of the year (2.22%). Concerning sex susceptibility, there was no significant variation in the percent of infection with contagious skin necrosis in both sexes. In regard to age susceptibility, the highest percent of infection with contagious skin necrosis was 2.61% at camels between 9-10 years of age. Prevalence of contagious skin necrosis reached it’s peak at El Wady El Gadid Governorate (5.16%).
Skin abscesses were detected in twenty seven cases out of 2377 examined camels, either in the neck region, face and hind limb of the animal. These abscesses were rounded in shape, 5-7 cm in diameter , cold, painless and firm in consistency. Ruptured and incised abscesses contained thick, sticky yellow whitish pus tinged with blood. Bacteriological analysis of pus samples revealed that the predominant isolated Gram positive bacteria was Staphylococcus aureus, and Gram negative bacteria was Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
In regard to seasonal influence, the percent of infection with skin abscesses reached it’s peak at hot months of the year (1.6%). Concerning sex susceptibility, there was no significant variation in the percent of infection with skin abscesses in both sexes. In respect to age susceptibility, the highest percent of infection with skin abscesses was 2.17% at camels between 9-10 years of age. The highest prevalence of skin abscesses was 2.58% in El Wady El Gadid Governorate.
One hundred and forty out of 2377 camels were suffer from tick infestation and the most commonly affected sites were under the tail, around the anus, nostrils, udder and inguinal region. Tick infestation was more prevalent at the hot months of the year (8.36%), and the highest percent of infection with it was 8.26% at camels between 9-10 years of age, moreover, the highest prevalence of tick infestation was in Assiut Governorate (16.31%).
7.67% of camels with skin diseases were positive to trypanosoma infection by using blood film examination, meanwhile 31.95% were positive by using formol gel test, 30.35% were positive by using mercuric chloride test and 16.93% were positive by using thymol turbidity test. The percent of mixed infection of mange, pseudotuberculosis, contagious skin necrosis and skin abscesses with trypanosomosis were 40.9%, 50%, 64.86% and 55.6% respectively.
Summary
from July 2003 till July 2004, a total number of 2377 camels in different ages and sexes, and in different localities in Upper Egypt (El-Minea, Assiut, Sohage, El-Wady El Gadid, Aswan Governorates and Shalatin city) and in different seasons of the year. Of these camels, 313 cases were found with skin affections.
The different skin affections were classified according to the clinical observations and laboratory findings into: mange (4.84%), pseudotuberculosis (2.1%), contagious skin necrosis (1.56%), skin abscesses (1.14%) and tick infestation (5.9%).
One hundred and fifteen out of 2377 camels were demonstrating signs of mange in different parts of the animal body either in the acute or chronic stages of the disease in the form of severe itching, loss of hair, thickening and folding of the skin and in many cases skin became dark grey coloured. Examination of skin scrapings revealed that only three samples yielded mite parasite, one of these mites was sarcoptic mite and the other two mites could be identified as psoroptic mite.
In respect to seasonal influence, the percent of infection with mange was higher in hot months of the year (6.67%) than non hot months (3.19%). Meanwhile there was no significant difference in the percent of infection with mange in both sexes (non sex-linked disease). In regard to age susceptibility, the highest percent of infection with mange was 7.4% at camels between 7-8 years of age. Concerning spatial distribution, the highest prevalence of mange was found in El-Minea Governorate (17%).
Fifty out of 2377 examined camels showed signs of pseudotuberculosis, enlargement and suppuration of lymph nodes (ventral superficial cervical lymph, mandibular, axillary, accessory axillary and cubital lymph nodes). Some of the affected lymph nodes were hot, tender and slightly hard in consistency, meanwhile others were cold, tenderless and very hard in consistency. By incision, some abscesses discharged whitish or yellowish white caseo-purulent inspissated putty like material tinged with blood, other abscesses revealed no pus material. Bacteriological examination of pus samples revealed that Corynebacterium spp. was the predominant isolated bacteria either alone or mixed with other bacteria (53.7%).
Concerning seasonal influence, the percent of infection with pseudotuberculosis was nearly similar in hot (2.05%) and non hot months (2.15%) of the year, so season has no effect on occurrence of pseudotuberculosis. In regard to sex susceptibility, the percent of infection with pseudotuberculosis was higher in female camels (3.5%) than males (1.79%). Concerning age susceptibility, the highest percent of infection with pseudotuberculosis was 3.04% at camels between 9-10 years of age. Prevalence of pseudotuberculosis reached it’s peak at El Wady El Gadid Governorate (7.11%).
Thirty seven out of 2377 examined camels showed lesions of contagious skin necrosis in different parts of the animal body, these lesions appeared as areas of necrosed skin separated from the surrounding healthy skin, cold and very hard in consistency, when removed circular ulcer filled with white bloody pus remained. Microbiologically, the predominant isolated bacteria from these lesions was Staphylococcus aureus (60.61%).
In respect to seasonal influence, the percent of infection with contagious skin necrosis was high in hot months of the year (2.22%). Concerning sex susceptibility, there was no significant variation in the percent of infection with contagious skin necrosis in both sexes. In regard to age susceptibility, the highest percent of infection with contagious skin necrosis was 2.61% at camels between 9-10 years of age. Prevalence of contagious skin necrosis reached it’s peak at El Wady El Gadid Governorate (5.16%).
Skin abscesses were detected in twenty seven cases out of 2377 examined camels, either in the neck region, face and hind limb of the animal. These abscesses were rounded in shape, 5-7 cm in diameter , cold, painless and firm in consistency. Ruptured and incised abscesses contained thick, sticky yellow whitish pus tinged with blood. Bacteriological analysis of pus samples revealed that the predominant isolated Gram positive bacteria was Staphylococcus aureus, and Gram negative bacteria was Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
In regard to seasonal influence, the percent of infection with skin abscesses reached it’s peak at hot months of the year (1.6%). Concerning sex susceptibility, there was no significant variation in the percent of infection with skin abscesses in both sexes. In respect to age susceptibility, the highest percent of infection with skin abscesses was 2.17% at camels between 9-10 years of age. The highest prevalence of skin abscesses was 2.58% in El Wady El Gadid Governorate.
One hundred and forty out of 2377 camels were suffer from tick infestation and the most commonly affected sites were under the tail, around the anus, nostrils, udder and inguinal region. Tick infestation was more prevalent at the hot months of the year (8.36%), and the highest percent of infection with it was 8.26% at camels between 9-10 years of age, moreover, the highest prevalence of tick infestation was in Assiut Governorate (16.31%).
7.67% of camels with skin diseases were positive to trypanosoma infection by using blood film examination, meanwhile 31.95% were positive by using formol gel test, 30.35% were positive by using mercuric chloride test and 16.93% were positive by using thymol turbidity test. The percent of mixed infection of mange, pseudotuberculosis, contagious skin necrosis and skin abscesses with trypanosomosis were 40.9%, 50%, 64.86% and 55.6% respectively.
Summary
from July 2003 till July 2004, a total number of 2377 camels in different ages and sexes, and in different localities in Upper Egypt (El-Minea, Assiut, Sohage, El-Wady El Gadid, Aswan Governorates and Shalatin city) and in different seasons of the year. Of these camels, 313 cases were found with skin affections.
The different skin affections were classified according to the clinical observations and laboratory findings into: mange (4.84%), pseudotuberculosis (2.1%), contagious skin necrosis (1.56%), skin abscesses (1.14%) and tick infestation (5.9%).
One hundred and fifteen out of 2377 camels were demonstrating signs of mange in different parts of the animal body either in the acute or chronic stages of the disease in the form of severe itching, loss of hair, thickening and folding of the skin and in many cases skin became dark grey coloured. Examination of skin scrapings revealed that only three samples yielded mite parasite, one of these mites was sarcoptic mite and the other two mites could be identified as psoroptic mite.
In respect to seasonal influence, the percent of infection with mange was higher in hot months of the year (6.67%) than non hot months (3.19%). Meanwhile there was no significant difference in the percent of infection with mange in both sexes (non sex-linked disease). In regard to age susceptibility, the highest percent of infection with mange was 7.4% at camels between 7-8 years of age. Concerning spatial distribution, the highest prevalence of mange was found in El-Minea Governorate (17%).
Fifty out of 2377 examined camels showed signs of pseudotuberculosis, enlargement and suppuration of lymph nodes (ventral superficial cervical lymph, mandibular, axillary, accessory axillary and cubital lymph nodes). Some of the affected lymph nodes were hot, tender and slightly hard in consistency, meanwhile others were cold, tenderless and very hard in consistency. By incision, some abscesses discharged whitish or yellowish white caseo-purulent inspissated putty like material tinged with blood, other abscesses revealed no pus material. Bacteriological examination of pus samples revealed that Corynebacterium spp. was the predominant isolated bacteria either alone or mixed with other bacteria (53.7%).
Concerning seasonal influence, the percent of infection with pseudotuberculosis was nearly similar in hot (2.05%) and non hot months (2.15%) of the year, so season has no effect on occurrence of pseudotuberculosis. In regard to sex susceptibility, the percent of infection with pseudotuberculosis was higher in female camels (3.5%) than males (1.79%). Concerning age susceptibility, the highest percent of infection with pseudotuberculosis was 3.04% at camels between 9-10 years of age. Prevalence of pseudotuberculosis reached it’s peak at El Wady El Gadid Governorate (7.11%).
Thirty seven out of 2377 examined camels showed lesions of contagious skin necrosis in different parts of the animal body, these lesions appeared as areas of necrosed skin separated from the surrounding healthy skin, cold and very hard in consistency, when removed circular ulcer filled with white bloody pus remained. Microbiologically, the predominant isolated bacteria from these lesions was Staphylococcus aureus (60.61%).
In respect to seasonal influence, the percent of infection with contagious skin necrosis was high in hot months of the year (2.22%). Concerning sex susceptibility, there was no significant variation in the percent of infection with contagious skin necrosis in both sexes. In regard to age susceptibility, the highest percent of infection with contagious skin necrosis was 2.61% at camels between 9-10 years of age. Prevalence of contagious skin necrosis reached it’s peak at El Wady El Gadid Governorate (5.16%).
Skin abscesses were detected in twenty seven cases out of 2377 examined camels, either in the neck region, face and hind limb of the animal. These abscesses were rounded in shape, 5-7 cm in diameter , cold, painless and firm in consistency. Ruptured and incised abscesses contained thick, sticky yellow whitish pus tinged with blood. Bacteriological analysis of pus samples revealed that the predominant isolated Gram positive bacteria was Staphylococcus aureus, and Gram negative bacteria was Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
In regard to seasonal influence, the percent of infection with skin abscesses reached it’s peak at hot months of the year (1.6%). Concerning sex susceptibility, there was no significant variation in the percent of infection with skin abscesses in both sexes. In respect to age susceptibility, the highest percent of infection with skin abscesses was 2.17% at camels between 9-10 years of age. The highest prevalence of skin abscesses was 2.58% in El Wady El Gadid Governorate.
One hundred and forty out of 2377 camels were suffer from tick infestation and the most commonly affected sites were under the tail, around the anus, nostrils, udder and inguinal region. Tick infestation was more prevalent at the hot months of the year (8.36%), and the highest percent of infection with it was 8.26% at camels between 9-10 years of age, moreover, the highest prevalence of tick infestation was in Assiut Governorate (16.31%).
7.67% of camels with skin diseases were positive to trypanosoma infection by using blood film examination, meanwhile 31.95% were positive by using formol gel test, 30.35% were positive by using mercuric chloride test and 16.93% were positive by using thymol turbidity test. The percent of mixed infection of mange, pseudotuberculosis, contagious skin necrosis and skin abscesses with trypanosomosis were 40.9%, 50%, 64.86% and 55.6% respectively.
Summary
from July 2003 till July 2004, a total number of 2377 camels in different ages and sexes, and in different localities in Upper Egypt (El-Minea, Assiut, Sohage, El-Wady El Gadid, Aswan Governorates and Shalatin city) and in different seasons of the year. Of these camels, 313 cases were found with skin affections.
The different skin affections were classified according to the clinical observations and laboratory findings into: mange (4.84%), pseudotuberculosis (2.1%), contagious skin necrosis (1.56%), skin abscesses (1.14%) and tick infestation (5.9%).
One hundred and fifteen out of 2377 camels were demonstrating signs of mange in different parts of the animal body either in the acute or chronic stages of the disease in the form of severe itching, loss of hair, thickening and folding of the skin and in many cases skin became dark grey coloured. Examination of skin scrapings revealed that only three samples yielded mite parasite, one of these mites was sarcoptic mite and the other two mites could be identified as psoroptic mite.
In respect to seasonal influence, the percent of infection with mange was higher in hot months of the year (6.67%) than non hot months (3.19%). Meanwhile there was no significant difference in the percent of infection with mange in both sexes (non sex-linked disease). In regard to age susceptibility, the highest percent of infection with mange was 7.4% at camels between 7-8 years of age. Concerning spatial distribution, the highest prevalence of mange was found in El-Minea Governorate (17%).
Fifty out of 2377 examined camels showed signs of pseudotuberculosis, enlargement and suppuration of lymph nodes (ventral superficial cervical lymph, mandibular, axillary, accessory axillary and cubital lymph nodes). Some of the affected lymph nodes were hot, tender and slightly hard in consistency, meanwhile others were cold, tenderless and very hard in consistency. By incision, some abscesses discharged whitish or yellowish white caseo-purulent inspissated putty like material tinged with blood, other abscesses revealed no pus material. Bacteriological examination of pus samples revealed that Corynebacterium spp. was the predominant isolated bacteria either alone or mixed with other bacteria (53.7%).
Concerning seasonal influence, the percent of infection with pseudotuberculosis was nearly similar in hot (2.05%) and non hot months (2.15%) of the year, so season has no effect on occurrence of pseudotuberculosis. In regard to sex susceptibility, the percent of infection with pseudotuberculosis was higher in female camels (3.5%) than males (1.79%). Concerning age susceptibility, the highest percent of infection with pseudotuberculosis was 3.04% at camels between 9-10 years of age. Prevalence of pseudotuberculosis reached it’s peak at El Wady El Gadid Governorate (7.11%).
Thirty seven out of 2377 examined camels showed lesions of contagious skin necrosis in different parts of the animal body, these lesions appeared as areas of necrosed skin separated from the surrounding healthy skin, cold and very hard in consistency, when removed circular ulcer filled with white bloody pus remained. Microbiologically, the predominant isolated bacteria from these lesions was Staphylococcus aureus (60.61%).
In respect to seasonal influence, the percent of infection with contagious skin necrosis was high in hot months of the year (2.22%). Concerning sex susceptibility, there was no significant variation in the percent of infection with contagious skin necrosis in both sexes. In regard to age susceptibility, the highest percent of infection with contagious skin necrosis was 2.61% at camels between 9-10 years of age. Prevalence of contagious skin necrosis reached it’s peak at El Wady El Gadid Governorate (5.16%).
Skin abscesses were detected in twenty seven cases out of 2377 examined camels, either in the neck region, face and hind limb of the animal. These abscesses were rounded in shape, 5-7 cm in diameter , cold, painless and firm in consistency. Ruptured and incised abscesses contained thick, sticky yellow whitish pus tinged with blood. Bacteriological analysis of pus samples revealed that the predominant isolated Gram positive bacteria was Staphylococcus aureus, and Gram negative bacteria was Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
In regard to seasonal influence, the percent of infection with skin abscesses reached it’s peak at hot months of the year (1.6%). Concerning sex susceptibility, there was no significant variation in the percent of infection with skin abscesses in both sexes. In respect to age susceptibility, the highest percent of infection with skin abscesses was 2.17% at camels between 9-10 years of age. The highest prevalence of skin abscesses was 2.58% in El Wady El Gadid Governorate.
One hundred and forty out of 2377 camels were suffer from tick infestation and the most commonly affected sites were under the tail, around the anus, nostrils, udder and inguinal region. Tick infestation was more prevalent at the hot months of the year (8.36%), and the highest percent of infection with it was 8.26% at camels between 9-10 years of age, moreover, the highest prevalence of tick infestation was in Assiut Governorate (16.31%).
7.67% of camels with skin diseases were positive to trypanosoma infection by using blood film examination, meanwhile 31.95% were positive by using formol gel test, 30.35% were positive by using mercuric chloride test and 16.93% were positive by using thymol turbidity test. The percent of mixed infection of mange, pseudotuberculosis, contagious skin necrosis and skin abscesses with trypanosomosis were 40.9%, 50%, 64.86% and 55.6% respectively.
Summary
from July 2003 till July 2004, a total number of 2377 camels in different ages and sexes, and in different localities in Upper Egypt (El-Minea, Assiut, Sohage, El-Wady El Gadid, Aswan Governorates and Shalatin city) and in different seasons of the year. Of these camels, 313 cases were found with skin affections.
The different skin affections were classified according to the clinical observations and laboratory findings into: mange (4.84%), pseudotuberculosis (2.1%), contagious skin necrosis (1.56%), skin abscesses (1.14%) and tick infestation (5.9%).
One hundred and fifteen out of 2377 camels were demonstrating signs of mange in different parts of the animal body either in the acute or chronic stages of the disease in the form of severe itching, loss of hair, thickening and folding of the skin and in many cases skin became dark grey coloured. Examination of skin scrapings revealed that only three samples yielded mite parasite, one of these mites was sarcoptic mite and the other two mites could be identified as psoroptic mite.
In respect to seasonal influence, the percent of infection with mange was higher in hot months of the year (6.67%) than non hot months (3.19%). Meanwhile there was no significant difference in the percent of infection with mange in both sexes (non sex-linked disease). In regard to age susceptibility, the highest percent of infection with mange was 7.4% at camels between 7-8 years of age. Concerning spatial distribution, the highest prevalence of mange was found in El-Minea Governorate (17%).
Fifty out of 2377 examined camels showed signs of pseudotuberculosis, enlargement and suppuration of lymph nodes (ventral superficial cervical lymph, mandibular, axillary, accessory axillary and cubital lymph nodes). Some of the affected lymph nodes were hot, tender and slightly hard in consistency, meanwhile others were cold, tenderless and very hard in consistency. By incision, some abscesses discharged whitish or yellowish white caseo-purulent inspissated putty like material tinged with blood, other abscesses revealed no pus material. Bacteriological examination of pus samples revealed that Corynebacterium spp. was the predominant isolated bacteria either alone or mixed with other bacteria (53.7%).
Concerning seasonal influence, the percent of infection with pseudotuberculosis was nearly similar in hot (2.05%) and non hot months (2.15%) of the year, so season has no effect on occurrence of pseudotuberculosis. In regard to sex susceptibility, the percent of infection with pseudotuberculosis was higher in female camels (3.5%) than males (1.79%). Concerning age susceptibility, the highest percent of infection with pseudotuberculosis was 3.04% at camels between 9-10 years of age. Prevalence of pseudotuberculosis reached it’s peak at El Wady El Gadid Governorate (7.11%).
Thirty seven out of 2377 examined camels showed lesions of contagious skin necrosis in different parts of the animal body, these lesions appeared as areas of necrosed skin separated from the surrounding healthy skin, cold and very hard in consistency, when removed circular ulcer filled with white bloody pus remained. Microbiologically, the predominant isolated bacteria from these lesions was Staphylococcus aureus (60.61%).
In respect to seasonal influence, the percent of infection with contagious skin necrosis was high in hot months of the year (2.22%). Concerning sex susceptibility, there was no significant variation in the percent of infection with contagious skin necrosis in both sexes. In regard to age susceptibility, the highest percent of infection with contagious skin necrosis was 2.61% at camels between 9-10 years of age. Prevalence of contagious skin necrosis reached it’s peak at El Wady El Gadid Governorate (5.16%).
Skin abscesses were detected in twenty seven cases out of 2377 examined camels, either in the neck region, face and hind limb of the animal. These abscesses were rounded in shape, 5-7 cm in diameter , cold, painless and firm in consistency. Ruptured and incised abscesses contained thick, sticky yellow whitish pus tinged with blood. Bacteriological analysis of pus samples revealed that the predominant isolated Gram positive bacteria was Staphylococcus aureus, and Gram negative bacteria was Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
In regard to seasonal influence, the percent of infection with skin abscesses reached it’s peak at hot months of the year (1.6%). Concerning sex susceptibility, there was no significant variation in the percent of infection with skin abscesses in both sexes. In respect to age susceptibility, the highest percent of infection with skin abscesses was 2.17% at camels between 9-10 years of age. The highest prevalence of skin abscesses was 2.58% in El Wady El Gadid Governorate.
One hundred and forty out of 2377 camels were suffer from tick infestation and the most commonly affected sites were under the tail, around the anus, nostrils, udder and inguinal region. Tick infestation was more prevalent at the hot months of the year (8.36%), and the highest percent of infection with it was 8.26% at camels between 9-10 years of age, moreover, the highest prevalence of tick infestation was in Assiut Governorate (16.31%).
7.67% of camels with skin diseases were positive to trypanosoma infection by using blood film examination, meanwhile 31.95% were positive by using formol gel test, 30.35% were positive by using mercuric chloride test and 16.93% were positive by using thymol turbidity test. The percent of mixed infection of mange, pseudotuberculosis, contagious skin necrosis and skin abscesses with trypanosomosis were 40.9%, 50%, 64.86% and 55.6% respectively.
Summary
from July 2003 till July 2004, a total number of 2377 camels in different ages and sexes, and in different localities in Upper Egypt (El-Minea, Assiut, Sohage, El-Wady El Gadid, Aswan Governorates and Shalatin city) and in different seasons of the year. Of these camels, 313 cases were found with skin affections.
The different skin affections were classified according to the clinical observations and laboratory findings into: mange (4.84%), pseudotuberculosis (2.1%), contagious skin necrosis (1.56%), skin abscesses (1.14%) and tick infestation (5.9%).
One hundred and fifteen out of 2377 camels were demonstrating signs of mange in different parts of the animal body either in the acute or chronic stages of the disease in the form of severe itching, loss of hair, thickening and folding of the skin and in many cases skin became dark grey coloured. Examination of skin scrapings revealed that only three samples yielded mite parasite, one of these mites was sarcoptic mite and the other two mites could be identified as psoroptic mite.
In respect to seasonal influence, the percent of infection with mange was higher in hot months of the year (6.67%) than non hot months (3.19%). Meanwhile there was no significant difference in the percent of infection with mange in both sexes (non sex-linked disease). In regard to age susceptibility, the highest percent of infection with mange was 7.4% at camels between 7-8 years of age. Concerning spatial distribution, the highest prevalence of mange was found in El-Minea Governorate (17%).
Fifty out of 2377 examined camels showed signs of pseudotuberculosis, enlargement and suppuration of lymph nodes (ventral superficial cervical lymph, mandibular, axillary, accessory axillary and cubital lymph nodes). Some of the affected lymph nodes were hot, tender and slightly hard in consistency, meanwhile others were cold, tenderless and very hard in consistency. By incision, some abscesses discharged whitish or yellowish white caseo-purulent inspissated putty like material tinged with blood, other abscesses revealed no pus material. Bacteriological examination of pus samples revealed that Corynebacterium spp. was the predominant isolated bacteria either alone or mixed with other bacteria (53.7%).
Concerning seasonal influence, the percent of infection with pseudotuberculosis was nearly similar in hot (2.05%) and non hot months (2.15%) of the year, so season has no effect on occurrence of pseudotuberculosis. In regard to sex susceptibility, the percent of infection with pseudotuberculosis was higher in female camels (3.5%) than males (1.79%). Concerning age susceptibility, the highest percent of infection with pseudotuberculosis was 3.04% at camels between 9-10 years of age. Prevalence of pseudotuberculosis reached it’s peak at El Wady El Gadid Governorate (7.11%).
Thirty seven out of 2377 examined camels showed lesions of contagious skin necrosis in different parts of the animal body, these lesions appeared as areas of necrosed skin separated from the surrounding healthy skin, cold and very hard in consistency, when removed circular ulcer filled with white bloody pus remained. Microbiologically, the predominant isolated bacteria from these lesions was Staphylococcus aureus (60.61%).
In respect to seasonal influence, the percent of infection with contagious skin necrosis was high in hot months of the year (2.22%). Concerning sex susceptibility, there was no significant variation in the percent of infection with contagious skin necrosis in both sexes. In regard to age susceptibility, the highest percent of infection with contagious skin necrosis was 2.61% at camels between 9-10 years of age. Prevalence of contagious skin necrosis reached it’s peak at El Wady El Gadid Governorate (5.16%).
Skin abscesses were detected in twenty seven cases out of 2377 examined camels, either in the neck region, face and hind limb of the animal. These abscesses were rounded in shape, 5-7 cm in diameter , cold, painless and firm in consistency. Ruptured and incised abscesses contained thick, sticky yellow whitish pus tinged with blood. Bacteriological analysis of pus samples revealed that the predominant isolated Gram positive bacteria was Staphylococcus aureus, and Gram negative bacteria was Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
In regard to seasonal influence, the percent of infection with skin abscesses reached it’s peak at hot months of the year (1.6%). Concerning sex susceptibility, there was no significant variation in the percent of infection with skin abscesses in both sexes. In respect to age susceptibility, the highest percent of infection with skin abscesses was 2.17% at camels between 9-10 years of age. The highest prevalence of skin abscesses was 2.58% in El Wady El Gadid Governorate.
One hundred and forty out of 2377 camels were suffer from tick infestation and the most commonly affected sites were under the tail, around the anus, nostrils, udder and inguinal region. Tick infestation was more prevalent at the hot months of the year (8.36%), and the highest percent of infection with it was 8.26% at camels between 9-10 years of age, moreover, the highest prevalence of tick infestation was in Assiut Governorate (16.31%).
7.67% of camels with skin diseases were positive to trypanosoma infection by using blood film examination, meanwhile 31.95% were positive by using formol gel test, 30.35% were positive by using mercuric chloride test and 16.93% were positive by using thymol turbidity test. The percent of mixed infection of mange, pseudotuberculosis, contagious skin necrosis and skin abscesses with trypanosomosis were 40.9%, 50%, 64.86% and 55.6% respectively.
Summary
from July 2003 till July 2004, a total number of 2377 camels in different ages and sexes, and in different localities in Upper Egypt (El-Minea, Assiut, Sohage, El-Wady El Gadid, Aswan Governorates and Shalatin city) and in different seasons of the year. Of these camels, 313 cases were found with skin affections.
The different skin affections were classified according to the clinical observations and laboratory findings into: mange (4.84%), pseudotuberculosis (2.1%), contagious skin necrosis (1.56%), skin abscesses (1.14%) and tick infestation (5.9%).
One hundred and fifteen out of 2377 camels were demonstrating signs of mange in different parts of the animal body either in the acute or chronic stages of the disease in the form of severe itching, loss of hair, thickening and folding of the skin and in many cases skin became dark grey coloured. Examination of skin scrapings revealed that only three samples yielded mite parasite, one of these mites was sarcoptic mite and the other two mites could be identified as psoroptic mite.
In respect to seasonal influence, the percent of infection with mange was higher in hot months of the year (6.67%) than non hot months (3.19%). Meanwhile there was no significant difference in the percent of infection with mange in both sexes (non sex-linked disease). In regard to age susceptibility, the highest percent of infection with mange was 7.4% at camels between 7-8 years of age. Concerning spatial distribution, the highest prevalence of mange was found in El-Minea Governorate (17%).
Fifty out of 2377 examined camels showed signs of pseudotuberculosis, enlargement and suppuration of lymph nodes (ventral superficial cervical lymph, mandibular, axillary, accessory axillary and cubital lymph nodes). Some of the affected lymph nodes were hot, tender and slightly hard in consistency, meanwhile others were cold, tenderless and very hard in consistency. By incision, some abscesses discharged whitish or yellowish white caseo-purulent inspissated putty like material tinged with blood, other abscesses revealed no pus material. Bacteriological examination of pus samples revealed that Corynebacterium spp. was the predominant isolated bacteria either alone or mixed with other bacteria (53.7%).
Concerning seasonal influence, the percent of infection with pseudotuberculosis was nearly similar in hot (2.05%) and non hot months (2.15%) of the year, so season has no effect on occurrence of pseudotuberculosis. In regard to sex susceptibility, the percent of infection with pseudotuberculosis was higher in female camels (3.5%) than males (1.79%). Concerning age susceptibility, the highest percent of infection with pseudotuberculosis was 3.04% at camels between 9-10 years of age. Prevalence of pseudotuberculosis reached it’s peak at El Wady El Gadid Governorate (7.11%).
Thirty seven out of 2377 examined camels showed lesions of contagious skin necrosis in different parts of the animal body, these lesions appeared as areas of necrosed skin separated from the surrounding healthy skin, cold and very hard in consistency, when removed circular ulcer filled with white bloody pus remained. Microbiologically, the predominant isolated bacteria from these lesions was Staphylococcus aureus (60.61%).
In respect to seasonal influence, the percent of infection with contagious skin necrosis was high in hot months of the year (2.22%). Concerning sex susceptibility, there was no significant variation in the percent of infection with contagious skin necrosis in both sexes. In regard to age susceptibility, the highest percent of infection with contagious skin necrosis was 2.61% at camels between 9-10 years of age. Prevalence of contagious skin necrosis reached it’s peak at El Wady El Gadid Governorate (5.16%).
Skin abscesses were detected in twenty seven cases out of 2377 examined camels, either in the neck region, face and hind limb of the animal. These abscesses were rounded in shape, 5-7 cm in diameter , cold, painless and firm in consistency. Ruptured and incised abscesses contained thick, sticky yellow whitish pus tinged with blood. Bacteriological analysis of pus samples revealed that the predominant isolated Gram positive bacteria was Staphylococcus aureus, and Gram negative bacteria was Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
In regard to seasonal influence, the percent of infection with skin abscesses reached it’s peak at hot months of the year (1.6%). Concerning sex susceptibility, there was no significant variation in the percent of infection with skin abscesses in both sexes. In respect to age susceptibility, the highest percent of infection with skin abscesses was 2.17% at camels between 9-10 years of age. The highest prevalence of skin abscesses was 2.58% in El Wady El Gadid Governorate.
One hundred and forty out of 2377 camels were suffer from tick infestation and the most commonly affected sites were under the tail, around the anus, nostrils, udder and inguinal region. Tick infestation was more prevalent at the hot months of the year (8.36%), and the highest percent of infection with it was 8.26% at camels between 9-10 years of age, moreover, the highest prevalence of tick infestation was in Assiut Governorate (16.31%).
7.67% of camels with skin diseases were positive to trypanosoma infection by using blood film examination, meanwhile 31.95% were positive by using formol gel test, 30.35% were positive by using mercuric chloride test and 16.93% were positive by using thymol turbidity test. The percent of mixed infection of mange, pseudotuberculosis, contagious skin necrosis and skin abscesses with trypanosomosis were 40.9%, 50%, 64.86% and 55.6% respectively.
Summary
from July 2003 till July 2004, a total number of 2377 camels in different ages and sexes, and in different localities in Upper Egypt (El-Minea, Assiut, Sohage, El-Wady El Gadid, Aswan Governorates and Shalatin city) and in different seasons of the year. Of these camels, 313 cases were found with skin affections.
The different skin affections were classified according to the clinical observations and laboratory findings into: mange (4.84%), pseudotuberculosis (2.1%), contagious skin necrosis (1.56%), skin abscesses (1.14%) and tick infestation (5.9%).
One hundred and fifteen out of 2377 camels were demonstrating signs of mange in different parts of the animal body either in the acute or chronic stages of the disease in the form of severe itching, loss of hair, thickening and folding of the skin and in many cases skin became dark grey coloured. Examination of skin scrapings revealed that only three samples yielded mite parasite, one of these mites was sarcoptic mite and the other two mites could be identified as psoroptic mite.
In respect to seasonal influence, the percent of infection with mange was higher in hot months of the year (6.67%) than non hot months (3.19%). Meanwhile there was no significant difference in the percent of infection with mange in both sexes (non sex-linked disease). In regard to age susceptibility, the highest percent of infection with mange was 7.4% at camels between 7-8 years of age. Concerning spatial distribution, the highest prevalence of mange was found in El-Minea Governorate (17%).
Fifty out of 2377 examined camels showed signs of pseudotuberculosis, enlargement and suppuration of lymph nodes (ventral superficial cervical lymph, mandibular, axillary, accessory axillary and cubital lymph nodes). Some of the affected lymph nodes were hot, tender and slightly hard in consistency, meanwhile others were cold, tenderless and very hard in consistency. By incision, some abscesses discharged whitish or yellowish white caseo-purulent inspissated putty like material tinged with blood, other abscesses revealed no pus material. Bacteriological examination of pus samples revealed that Corynebacterium spp. was the predominant isolated bacteria either alone or mixed with other bacteria (53.7%).
Concerning seasonal influence, the percent of infection with pseudotuberculosis was nearly similar in hot (2.05%) and non hot months (2.15%) of the year, so season has no effect on occurrence of pseudotuberculosis. In regard to sex susceptibility, the percent of infection with pseudotuberculosis was higher in female camels (3.5%) than males (1.79%). Concerning age susceptibility, the highest percent of infection with pseudotuberculosis was 3.04% at camels between 9-10 years of age. Prevalence of pseudotuberculosis reached it’s peak at El Wady El Gadid Governorate (7.11%).
Thirty seven out of 2377 examined camels showed lesions of contagious skin necrosis in different parts of the animal body, these lesions appeared as areas of necrosed skin separated from the surrounding healthy skin, cold and very hard in consistency, when removed circular ulcer filled with white bloody pus remained. Microbiologically, the predominant isolated bacteria from these lesions was Staphylococcus aureus (60.61%).
In respect to seasonal influence, the percent of infection with contagious skin necrosis was high in hot months of the year (2.22%). Concerning sex susceptibility, there was no significant variation in the percent of infection with contagious skin necrosis in both sexes. In regard to age susceptibility, the highest percent of infection with contagious skin necrosis was 2.61% at camels between 9-10 years of age. Prevalence of contagious skin necrosis reached it’s peak at El Wady El Gadid Governorate (5.16%).
Skin abscesses were detected in twenty seven cases out of 2377 examined camels, either in the neck region, face and hind limb of the animal. These abscesses were rounded in shape, 5-7 cm in diameter , cold, painless and firm in consistency. Ruptured and incised abscesses contained thick, sticky yellow whitish pus tinged with blood. Bacteriological analysis of pus samples revealed that the predominant isolated Gram positive bacteria was Staphylococcus aureus, and Gram negative bacteria was Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
In regard to seasonal influence, the percent of infection with skin abscesses reached it’s peak at hot months of the year (1.6%). Concerning sex susceptibility, there was no significant variation in the percent of infection with skin abscesses in both sexes. In respect to age susceptibility, the highest percent of infection with skin abscesses was 2.17% at camels between 9-10 years of age. The highest prevalence of skin abscesses was 2.58% in El Wady El Gadid Governorate.
One hundred and forty out of 2377 camels were suffer from tick infestation and the most commonly affected sites were under the tail, around the anus, nostrils, udder and inguinal region. Tick infestation was more prevalent at the hot months of the year (8.36%), and the highest percent of infection with it was 8.26% at camels between 9-10 years of age, moreover, the highest prevalence of tick infestation was in Assiut Governorate (16.31%).
7.67% of camels with skin diseases were positive to trypanosoma infection by using blood film examination, meanwhile 31.95% were positive by using formol gel test, 30.35% were positive by using mercuric chloride test and 16.93% were positive by using thymol turbidity test. The percent of mixed infection of mange, pseudotuberculosis, contagious skin necrosis and skin abscesses with trypanosomosis were 40.9%, 50%, 64.86% and 55.6% respectively.
Summary
from July 2003 till July 2004, a total number of 2377 camels in different ages and sexes, and in different localities in Upper Egypt (El-Minea, Assiut, Sohage, El-Wady El Gadid, Aswan Governorates and Shalatin city) and in different seasons of the year. Of these camels, 313 cases were found with skin affections.
The different skin affections were classified according to the clinical observations and laboratory findings into: mange (4.84%), pseudotuberculosis (2.1%), contagious skin necrosis (1.56%), skin abscesses (1.14%) and tick infestation (5.9%).
One hundred and fifteen out of 2377 camels were demonstrating signs of mange in different parts of the animal body either in the acute or chronic stages of the disease in the form of severe itching, loss of hair, thickening and folding of the skin and in many cases skin became dark grey coloured. Examination of skin scrapings revealed that only three samples yielded mite parasite, one of these mites was sarcoptic mite and the other two mites could be identified as psoroptic mite.
In respect to seasonal influence, the percent of infection with mange was higher in hot months of the year (6.67%) than non hot months (3.19%). Meanwhile there was no significant difference in the percent of infection with mange in both sexes (non sex-linked disease). In regard to age susceptibility, the highest percent of infection with mange was 7.4% at camels between 7-8 years of age. Concerning spatial distribution, the highest prevalence of mange was found in El-Minea Governorate (17%).
Fifty out of 2377 examined camels showed signs of pseudotuberculosis, enlargement and suppuration of lymph nodes (ventral superficial cervical lymph, mandibular, axillary, accessory axillary and cubital lymph nodes). Some of the affected lymph nodes were hot, tender and slightly hard in consistency, meanwhile others were cold, tenderless and very hard in consistency. By incision, some abscesses discharged whitish or yellowish white caseo-purulent inspissated putty like material tinged with blood, other abscesses revealed no pus material. Bacteriological examination of pus samples revealed that Corynebacterium spp. was the predominant isolated bacteria either alone or mixed with other bacteria (53.7%).
Concerning seasonal influence, the percent of infection with pseudotuberculosis was nearly similar in hot (2.05%) and non hot months (2.15%) of the year, so season has no effect on occurrence of pseudotuberculosis. In regard to sex susceptibility, the percent of infection with pseudotuberculosis was higher in female camels (3.5%) than males (1.79%). Concerning age susceptibility, the highest percent of infection with pseudotuberculosis was 3.04% at camels between 9-10 years of age. Prevalence of pseudotuberculosis reached it’s peak at El Wady El Gadid Governorate (7.11%).
Thirty seven out of 2377 examined camels showed lesions of contagious skin necrosis in different parts of the animal body, these lesions appeared as areas of necrosed skin separated from the surrounding healthy skin, cold and very hard in consistency, when removed circular ulcer filled with white bloody pus remained. Microbiologically, the predominant isolated bacteria from these lesions was Staphylococcus aureus (60.61%).
In respect to seasonal influence, the percent of infection with contagious skin necrosis was high in hot months of the year (2.22%). Concerning sex susceptibility, there was no significant variation in the percent of infection with contagious skin necrosis in both sexes. In regard to age susceptibility, the highest percent of infection with contagious skin necrosis was 2.61% at camels between 9-10 years of age. Prevalence of contagious skin necrosis reached it’s peak at El Wady El Gadid Governorate (5.16%).
Skin abscesses were detected in twenty seven cases out of 2377 examined camels, either in the neck region, face and hind limb of the animal. These abscesses were rounded in shape, 5-7 cm in diameter , cold, painless and firm in consistency. Ruptured and incised abscesses contained thick, sticky yellow whitish pus tinged with blood. Bacteriological analysis of pus samples revealed that the predominant isolated Gram positive bacteria was Staphylococcus aureus, and Gram negative bacteria was Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
In regard to seasonal influence, the percent of infection with skin abscesses reached it’s peak at hot months of the year (1.6%). Concerning sex susceptibility, there was no significant variation in the percent of infection with skin abscesses in both sexes. In respect to age susceptibility, the highest percent of infection with skin abscesses was 2.17% at camels between 9-10 years of age. The highest prevalence of skin abscesses was 2.58% in El Wady El Gadid Governorate.
One hundred and forty out of 2377 camels were suffer from tick infestation and the most commonly affected sites were under the tail, around the anus, nostrils, udder and inguinal region. Tick infestation was more prevalent at the hot months of the year (8.36%), and the highest percent of infection with it was 8.26% at camels between 9-10 years of age, moreover, the highest prevalence of tick infestation was in Assiut Governorate (16.31%).
7.67% of camels with skin diseases were positive to trypanosoma infection by using blood film examination, meanwhile 31.95% were positive by using formol gel test, 30.35% were positive by using mercuric chloride test and 16.93% were positive by using thymol turbidity test. The percent of mixed infection of mange, pseudotuberculosis, contagious skin necrosis and skin abscesses with trypanosomosis were 40.9%, 50%, 64.86% and 55.6% respectively.
Summary
from July 2003 till July 2004, a total number of 2377 camels in different ages and sexes, and in different localities in Upper Egypt (El-Minea, Assiut, Sohage, El-Wady El Gadid, Aswan Governorates and Shalatin city) and in different seasons of the year. Of these camels, 313 cases were found with skin affections.
The different skin affections were classified according to the clinical observations and laboratory findings into: mange (4.84%), pseudotuberculosis (2.1%), contagious skin necrosis (1.56%), skin abscesses (1.14%) and tick infestation (5.9%).
One hundred and fifteen out of 2377 camels were demonstrating signs of mange in different parts of the animal body either in the acute or chronic stages of the disease in the form of severe itching, loss of hair, thickening and folding of the skin and in many cases skin became dark grey coloured. Examination of skin scrapings revealed that only three samples yielded mite parasite, one of these mites was sarcoptic mite and the other two mites could be identified as psoroptic mite.
In respect to seasonal influence, the percent of infection with mange was higher in hot months of the year (6.67%) than non hot months (3.19%). Meanwhile there was no significant difference in the percent of infection with mange in both sexes (non sex-linked disease). In regard to age susceptibility, the highest percent of infection with mange was 7.4% at camels between 7-8 years of age. Concerning spatial distribution, the highest prevalence of mange was found in El-Minea Governorate (17%).
Fifty out of 2377 examined camels showed signs of pseudotuberculosis, enlargement and suppuration of lymph nodes (ventral superficial cervical lymph, mandibular, axillary, accessory axillary and cubital lymph nodes). Some of the affected lymph nodes were hot, tender and slightly hard in consistency, meanwhile others were cold, tenderless and very hard in consistency. By incision, some abscesses discharged whitish or yellowish white caseo-purulent inspissated putty like material tinged with blood, other abscesses revealed no pus material. Bacteriological examination of pus samples revealed that Corynebacterium spp. was the predominant isolated bacteria either alone or mixed with other bacteria (53.7%).
Concerning seasonal influence, the percent of infection with pseudotuberculosis was nearly similar in hot (2.05%) and non hot months (2.15%) of the year, so season has no effect on occurrence of pseudotuberculosis. In regard to sex susceptibility, the percent of infection with pseudotuberculosis was higher in female camels (3.5%) than males (1.79%). Concerning age susceptibility, the highest percent of infection with pseudotuberculosis was 3.04% at camels between 9-10 years of age. Prevalence of pseudotuberculosis reached it’s peak at El Wady El Gadid Governorate (7.11%).
Thirty seven out of 2377 examined camels showed lesions of contagious skin necrosis in different parts of the animal body, these lesions appeared as areas of necrosed skin separated from the surrounding healthy skin, cold and very hard in consistency, when removed circular ulcer filled with white bloody pus remained. Microbiologically, the predominant isolated bacteria from these lesions was Staphylococcus aureus (60.61%).
In respect to seasonal influence, the percent of infection with contagious skin necrosis was high in hot months of the year (2.22%). Concerning sex susceptibility, there was no significant variation in the percent of infection with contagious skin necrosis in both sexes. In regard to age susceptibility, the highest percent of infection with contagious skin necrosis was 2.61% at camels between 9-10 years of age. Prevalence of contagious skin necrosis reached it’s peak at El Wady El Gadid Governorate (5.16%).
Skin abscesses were detected in twenty seven cases out of 2377 examined camels, either in the neck region, face and hind limb of the animal. These abscesses were rounded in shape, 5-7 cm in diameter , cold, painless and firm in consistency. Ruptured and incised abscesses contained thick, sticky yellow whitish pus tinged with blood. Bacteriological analysis of pus samples revealed that the predominant isolated Gram positive bacteria was Staphylococcus aureus, and Gram negative bacteria was Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
In regard to seasonal influence, the percent of infection with skin abscesses reached it’s peak at hot months of the year (1.6%). Concerning sex susceptibility, there was no significant variation in the percent of infection with skin abscesses in both sexes. In respect to age susceptibility, the highest percent of infection with skin abscesses was 2.17% at camels between 9-10 years of age. The highest prevalence of skin abscesses was 2.58% in El Wady El Gadid Governorate.
One hundred and forty out of 2377 camels were suffer from tick infestation and the most commonly affected sites were under the tail, around the anus, nostrils, udder and inguinal region. Tick infestation was more prevalent at the hot months of the year (8.36%), and the highest percent of infection with it was 8.26% at camels between 9-10 years of age, moreover, the highest prevalence of tick infestation was in Assiut Governorate (16.31%).
7.67% of camels with skin diseases were positive to trypanosoma infection by using blood film examination, meanwhile 31.95% were positive by using formol gel test, 30.35% were positive by using mercuric chloride test and 16.93% were positive by using thymol turbidity test. The percent of mixed infection of mange, pseudotuberculosis, contagious skin necrosis and skin abscesses with trypanosomosis were 40.9%, 50%, 64.86% and 55.6% respectively.
Summary
from July 2003 till July 2004, a total number of 2377 camels in different ages and sexes, and in different localities in Upper Egypt (El-Minea, Assiut, Sohage, El-Wady El Gadid, Aswan Governorates and Shalatin city) and in different seasons of the year. Of these camels, 313 cases were found with skin affections.
The different skin affections were classified according to the clinical observations and laboratory findings into: mange (4.84%), pseudotuberculosis (2.1%), contagious skin necrosis (1.56%), skin abscesses (1.14%) and tick infestation (5.9%).
One hundred and fifteen out of 2377 camels were demonstrating signs of mange in different parts of the animal body either in the acute or chronic stages of the disease in the form of severe itching, loss of hair, thickening and folding of the skin and in many cases skin became dark grey coloured. Examination of skin scrapings revealed that only three samples yielded mite parasite, one of these mites was sarcoptic mite and the other two mites could be identified as psoroptic mite.
In respect to seasonal influence, the percent of infection with mange was higher in hot months of the year (6.67%) than non hot months (3.19%). Meanwhile there was no significant difference in the percent of infection with mange in both sexes (non sex-linked disease). In regard to age susceptibility, the highest percent of infection with mange was 7.4% at camels between 7-8 years of age. Concerning spatial distribution, the highest prevalence of mange was found in El-Minea Governorate (17%).
Fifty out of 2377 examined camels showed signs of pseudotuberculosis, enlargement and suppuration of lymph nodes (ventral superficial cervical lymph, mandibular, axillary, accessory axillary and cubital lymph nodes). Some of the affected lymph nodes were hot, tender and slightly hard in consistency, meanwhile others were cold, tenderless and very hard in consistency. By incision, some abscesses discharged whitish or yellowish white caseo-purulent inspissated putty like material tinged with blood, other abscesses revealed no pus material. Bacteriological examination of pus samples revealed that Corynebacterium spp. was the predominant isolated bacteria either alone or mixed with other bacteria (53.7%).
Concerning seasonal influence, the percent of infection with pseudotuberculosis was nearly similar in hot (2.05%) and non hot months (2.15%) of the year, so season has no effect on occurrence of pseudotuberculosis. In regard to sex susceptibility, the percent of infection with pseudotuberculosis was higher in female camels (3.5%) than males (1.79%). Concerning age susceptibility, the highest percent of infection with pseudotuberculosis was 3.04% at camels between 9-10 years of age. Prevalence of pseudotuberculosis reached it’s peak at El Wady El Gadid Governorate (7.11%).
Thirty seven out of 2377 examined camels showed lesions of contagious skin necrosis in different parts of the animal body, these lesions appeared as areas of necrosed skin separated from the surrounding healthy skin, cold and very hard in consistency, when removed circular ulcer filled with white bloody pus remained. Microbiologically, the predominant isolated bacteria from these lesions was Staphylococcus aureus (60.61%).
In respect to seasonal influence, the percent of infection with contagious skin necrosis was high in hot months of the year (2.22%). Concerning sex susceptibility, there was no significant variation in the percent of infection with contagious skin necrosis in both sexes. In regard to age susceptibility, the highest percent of infection with contagious skin necrosis was 2.61% at camels between 9-10 years of age. Prevalence of contagious skin necrosis reached it’s peak at El Wady El Gadid Governorate (5.16%).
Skin abscesses were detected in twenty seven cases out of 2377 examined camels, either in the neck region, face and hind limb of the animal. These abscesses were rounded in shape, 5-7 cm in diameter , cold, painless and firm in consistency. Ruptured and incised abscesses contained thick, sticky yellow whitish pus tinged with blood. Bacteriological analysis of pus samples revealed that the predominant isolated Gram positive bacteria was Staphylococcus aureus, and Gram negative bacteria was Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
In regard to seasonal influence, the percent of infection with skin abscesses reached it’s peak at hot months of the year (1.6%). Concerning sex susceptibility, there was no significant variation in the percent of infection with skin abscesses in both sexes. In respect to age susceptibility, the highest percent of infection with skin abscesses was 2.17% at camels between 9-10 years of age. The highest prevalence of skin abscesses was 2.58% in El Wady El Gadid Governorate.
One hundred and forty out of 2377 camels were suffer from tick infestation and the most commonly affected sites were under the tail, around the anus, nostrils, udder and inguinal region. Tick infestation was more prevalent at the hot months of the year (8.36%), and the highest percent of infection with it was 8.26% at camels between 9-10 years of age, moreover, the highest prevalence of tick infestation was in Assiut Governorate (16.31%).
7.67% of camels with skin diseases were positive to trypanosoma infection by using blood film examination, meanwhile 31.95% were positive by using formol gel test, 30.35% were positive by using mercuric chloride test and 16.93% were positive by using thymol turbidity test. The percent of mixed infection of mange, pseudotuberculosis, contagious skin necrosis and skin abscesses with trypanosomosis were 40.9%, 50%, 64.86% and 55.6% respectively.
Summary
from July 2003 till July 2004, a total number of 2377 camels in different ages and sexes, and in different localities in Upper Egypt (El-Minea, Assiut, Sohage, El-Wady El Gadid, Aswan Governorates and Shalatin city) and in different seasons of the year. Of these camels, 313 cases were found with skin affections.
The different skin affections were classified according to the clinical observations and laboratory findings into: mange (4.84%), pseudotuberculosis (2.1%), contagious skin necrosis (1.56%), skin abscesses (1.14%) and tick infestation (5.9%).
One hundred and fifteen out of 2377 camels were demonstrating signs of mange in different parts of the animal body either in the acute or chronic stages of the disease in the form of severe itching, loss of hair, thickening and folding of the skin and in many cases skin became dark grey coloured. Examination of skin scrapings revealed that only three samples yielded mite parasite, one of these mites was sarcoptic mite and the other two mites could be identified as psoroptic mite.
In respect to seasonal influence, the percent of infection with mange was higher in hot months of the year (6.67%) than non hot months (3.19%). Meanwhile there was no significant difference in the percent of infection with mange in both sexes (non sex-linked disease). In regard to age susceptibility, the highest percent of infection with mange was 7.4% at camels between 7-8 years of age. Concerning spatial distribution, the highest prevalence of mange was found in El-Minea Governorate (17%).
Fifty out of 2377 examined camels showed signs of pseudotuberculosis, enlargement and suppuration of lymph nodes (ventral superficial cervical lymph, mandibular, axillary, accessory axillary and cubital lymph nodes). Some of the affected lymph nodes were hot, tender and slightly hard in consistency, meanwhile others were cold, tenderless and very hard in consistency. By incision, some abscesses discharged whitish or yellowish white caseo-purulent inspissated putty like material tinged with blood, other abscesses revealed no pus material. Bacteriological examination of pus samples revealed that Corynebacterium spp. was the predominant isolated bacteria either alone or mixed with other bacteria (53.7%).
Concerning seasonal influence, the percent of infection with pseudotuberculosis was nearly similar in hot (2.05%) and non hot months (2.15%) of the year, so season has no effect on occurrence of pseudotuberculosis. In regard to sex susceptibility, the percent of infection with pseudotuberculosis was higher in female camels (3.5%) than males (1.79%). Concerning age susceptibility, the highest percent of infection with pseudotuberculosis was 3.04% at camels between 9-10 years of age. Prevalence of pseudotuberculosis reached it’s peak at El Wady El Gadid Governorate (7.11%).
Thirty seven out of 2377 examined camels showed lesions of contagious skin necrosis in different parts of the animal body, these lesions appeared as areas of necrosed skin separated from the surrounding healthy skin, cold and very hard in consistency, when removed circular ulcer filled with white bloody pus remained. Microbiologically, the predominant isolated bacteria from these lesions was Staphylococcus aureus (60.61%).
In respect to seasonal influence, the percent of infection with contagious skin necrosis was high in hot months of the year (2.22%). Concerning sex susceptibility, there was no significant variation in the percent of infection with contagious skin necrosis in both sexes. In regard to age susceptibility, the highest percent of infection with contagious skin necrosis was 2.61% at camels between 9-10 years of age. Prevalence of contagious skin necrosis reached it’s peak at El Wady El Gadid Governorate (5.16%).
Skin abscesses were detected in twenty seven cases out of 2377 examined camels, either in the neck region, face and hind limb of the animal. These abscesses were rounded in shape, 5-7 cm in diameter , cold, painless and firm in consistency. Ruptured and incised abscesses contained thick, sticky yellow whitish pus tinged with blood. Bacteriological analysis of pus samples revealed that the predominant isolated Gram positive bacteria was Staphylococcus aureus, and Gram negative bacteria was Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
In regard to seasonal influence, the percent of infection with skin abscesses reached it’s peak at hot months of the year (1.6%). Concerning sex susceptibility, there was no significant variation in the percent of infection with skin abscesses in both sexes. In respect to age susceptibility, the highest percent of infection with skin abscesses was 2.17% at camels between 9-10 years of age. The highest prevalence of skin abscesses was 2.58% in El Wady El Gadid Governorate.
One hundred and forty out of 2377 camels were suffer from tick infestation and the most commonly affected sites were under the tail, around the anus, nostrils, udder and inguinal region. Tick infestation was more prevalent at the hot months of the year (8.36%), and the highest percent of infection with it was 8.26% at camels between 9-10 years of age, moreover, the highest prevalence of tick infestation was in Assiut Governorate (16.31%).
7.67% of camels with skin diseases were positive to trypanosoma infection by using blood film examination, meanwhile 31.95% were positive by using formol gel test, 30.35% were positive by using mercuric chloride test and 16.93% were positive by using thymol turbidity test. The percent of mixed infection of mange, pseudotuberculosis, contagious skin necrosis and skin abscesses with trypanosomosis were 40.9%, 50%, 64.86% and 55.6% respectively.
Summary
from July 2003 till July 2004, a total number of 2377 camels in different ages and sexes, and in different localities in Upper Egypt (El-Minea, Assiut, Sohage, El-Wady El Gadid, Aswan Governorates and Shalatin city) and in different seasons of the year. Of these camels, 313 cases were found with skin affections.
The different skin affections were classified according to the clinical observations and laboratory findings into: mange (4.84%), pseudotuberculosis (2.1%), contagious skin necrosis (1.56%), skin abscesses (1.14%) and tick infestation (5.9%).
One hundred and fifteen out of 2377 camels were demonstrating signs of mange in different parts of the animal body either in the acute or chronic stages of the disease in the form of severe itching, loss of hair, thickening and folding of the skin and in many cases skin became dark grey coloured. Examination of skin scrapings revealed that only three samples yielded mite parasite, one of these mites was sarcoptic mite and the other two mites could be identified as psoroptic mite.
In respect to seasonal influence, the percent of infection with mange was higher in hot months of the year (6.67%) than non hot months (3.19%). Meanwhile there was no significant difference in the percent of infection with mange in both sexes (non sex-linked disease). In regard to age susceptibility, the highest percent of infection with mange was 7.4% at camels between 7-8 years of age. Concerning spatial distribution, the highest prevalence of mange was found in El-Minea Governorate (17%).
Fifty out of 2377 examined camels showed signs of pseudotuberculosis, enlargement and suppuration of lymph nodes (ventral superficial cervical lymph, mandibular, axillary, accessory axillary and cubital lymph nodes). Some of the affected lymph nodes were hot, tender and slightly hard in consistency, meanwhile others were cold, tenderless and very hard in consistency. By incision, some abscesses discharged whitish or yellowish white caseo-purulent inspissated putty like material tinged with blood, other abscesses revealed no pus material. Bacteriological examination of pus samples revealed that Corynebacterium spp. was the predominant isolated bacteria either alone or mixed with other bacteria (53.7%).
Concerning seasonal influence, the percent of infection with pseudotuberculosis was nearly similar in hot (2.05%) and non hot months (2.15%) of the year, so season has no effect on occurrence of pseudotuberculosis. In regard to sex susceptibility, the percent of infection with pseudotuberculosis was higher in female camels (3.5%) than males (1.79%). Concerning age susceptibility, the highest percent of infection with pseudotuberculosis was 3.04% at camels between 9-10 years of age. Prevalence of pseudotuberculosis reached it’s peak at El Wady El Gadid Governorate (7.11%).
Thirty seven out of 2377 examined camels showed lesions of contagious skin necrosis in different parts of the animal body, these lesions appeared as areas of necrosed skin separated from the surrounding healthy skin, cold and very hard in consistency, when removed circular ulcer filled with white bloody pus remained. Microbiologically, the predominant isolated bacteria from these lesions was Staphylococcus aureus (60.61%).
In respect to seasonal influence, the percent of infection with contagious skin necrosis was high in hot months of the year (2.22%). Concerning sex susceptibility, there was no significant variation in the percent of infection with contagious skin necrosis in both sexes. In regard to age susceptibility, the highest percent of infection with contagious skin necrosis was 2.61% at camels between 9-10 years of age. Prevalence of contagious skin necrosis reached it’s peak at El Wady El Gadid Governorate (5.16%).
Skin abscesses were detected in twenty seven cases out of 2377 examined camels, either in the neck region, face and hind limb of the animal. These abscesses were rounded in shape, 5-7 cm in diameter , cold, painless and firm in consistency. Ruptured and incised abscesses contained thick, sticky yellow whitish pus tinged with blood. Bacteriological analysis of pus samples revealed that the predominant isolated Gram positive bacteria was Staphylococcus aureus, and Gram negative bacteria was Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
In regard to seasonal influence, the percent of infection with skin abscesses reached it’s peak at hot months of the year (1.6%). Concerning sex susceptibility, there was no significant variation in the percent of infection with skin abscesses in both sexes. In respect to age susceptibility, the highest percent of infection with skin abscesses was 2.17% at camels between 9-10 years of age. The highest prevalence of skin abscesses was 2.58% in El Wady El Gadid Governorate.
One hundred and forty out of 2377 camels were suffer from tick infestation and the most commonly affected sites were under the tail, around the anus, nostrils, udder and inguinal region. Tick infestation was more prevalent at the hot months of the year (8.36%), and the highest percent of infection with it was 8.26% at camels between 9-10 years of age, moreover, the highest prevalence of tick infestation was in Assiut Governorate (16.31%).
7.67% of camels with skin diseases were positive to trypanosoma infection by using blood film examination, meanwhile 31.95% were positive by using formol gel test, 30.35% were positive by using mercuric chloride test and 16.93% were positive by using thymol turbidity test. The percent of mixed infection of mange, pseudotuberculosis, contagious skin necrosis and skin abscesses with trypanosomosis were 40.9%, 50%, 64.86% and 55.6% respectively.
Summary
from July 2003 till July 2004, a total number of 2377 camels in different ages and sexes, and in different localities in Upper Egypt (El-Minea, Assiut, Sohage, El-Wady El Gadid, Aswan Governorates and Shalatin city) and in different seasons of the year. Of these camels, 313 cases were found with skin affections.
The different skin affections were classified according to the clinical observations and laboratory findings into: mange (4.84%), pseudotuberculosis (2.1%), contagious skin necrosis (1.56%), skin abscesses (1.14%) and tick infestation (5.9%).
One hundred and fifteen out of 2377 camels were demonstrating signs of mange in different parts of the animal body either in the acute or chronic stages of the disease in the form of severe itching, loss of hair, thickening and folding of the skin and in many cases skin became dark grey coloured. Examination of skin scrapings revealed that only three samples yielded mite parasite, one of these mites was sarcoptic mite and the other two mites could be identified as psoroptic mite.
In respect to seasonal influence, the percent of infection with mange was higher in hot months of the year (6.67%) than non hot months (3.19%). Meanwhile there was no significant difference in the percent of infection with mange in both sexes (non sex-linked disease). In regard to age susceptibility, the highest percent of infection with mange was 7.4% at camels between 7-8 years of age. Concerning spatial distribution, the highest prevalence of mange was found in El-Minea Governorate (17%).
Fifty out of 2377 examined camels showed signs of pseudotuberculosis, enlargement and suppuration of lymph nodes (ventral superficial cervical lymph, mandibular, axillary, accessory axillary and cubital lymph nodes). Some of the affected lymph nodes were hot, tender and slightly hard in consistency, meanwhile others were cold, tenderless and very hard in consistency. By incision, some abscesses discharged whitish or yellowish white caseo-purulent inspissated putty like material tinged with blood, other abscesses revealed no pus material. Bacteriological examination of pus samples revealed that Corynebacterium spp. was the predominant isolated bacteria either alone or mixed with other bacteria (53.7%).
Concerning seasonal influence, the percent of infection with pseudotuberculosis was nearly similar in hot (2.05%) and non hot months (2.15%) of the year, so season has no effect on occurrence of pseudotuberculosis. In regard to sex susceptibility, the percent of infection with pseudotuberculosis was higher in female camels (3.5%) than males (1.79%). Concerning age susceptibility, the highest percent of infection with pseudotuberculosis was 3.04% at camels between 9-10 years of age. Prevalence of pseudotuberculosis reached it’s peak at El Wady El Gadid Governorate (7.11%).
Thirty seven out of 2377 examined camels showed lesions of contagious skin necrosis in different parts of the animal body, these lesions appeared as areas of necrosed skin separated from the surrounding healthy skin, cold and very hard in consistency, when removed circular ulcer filled with white bloody pus remained. Microbiologically, the predominant isolated bacteria from these lesions was Staphylococcus aureus (60.61%).
In respect to seasonal influence, the percent of infection with contagious skin necrosis was high in hot months of the year (2.22%). Concerning sex susceptibility, there was no significant variation in the percent of infection with contagious skin necrosis in both sexes. In regard to age susceptibility, the highest percent of infection with contagious skin necrosis was 2.61% at camels between 9-10 years of age. Prevalence of contagious skin necrosis reached it’s peak at El Wady El Gadid Governorate (5.16%).
Skin abscesses were detected in twenty seven cases out of 2377 examined camels, either in the neck region, face and hind limb of the animal. These abscesses were rounded in shape, 5-7 cm in diameter , cold, painless and firm in consistency. Ruptured and incised abscesses contained thick, sticky yellow whitish pus tinged with blood. Bacteriological analysis of pus samples revealed that the predominant isolated Gram positive bacteria was Staphylococcus aureus, and Gram negative bacteria was Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
In regard to seasonal influence, the percent of infection with skin abscesses reached it’s peak at hot months of the year (1.6%). Concerning sex susceptibility, there was no significant variation in the percent of infection with skin abscesses in both sexes. In respect to age susceptibility, the highest percent of infection with skin abscesses was 2.17% at camels between 9-10 years of age. The highest prevalence of skin abscesses was 2.58% in El Wady El Gadid Governorate.
One hundred and forty out of 2377 camels were suffer from tick infestation and the most commonly affected sites were under the tail, around the anus, nostrils, udder and inguinal region. Tick infestation was more prevalent at the hot months of the year (8.36%), and the highest percent of infection with it was 8.26% at camels between 9-10 years of age, moreover, the highest prevalence of tick infestation was in Assiut Governorate (16.31%).
7.67% of camels with skin diseases were positive to trypanosoma infection by using blood film examination, meanwhile 31.95% were positive by using formol gel test, 30.35% were positive by using mercuric chloride test and 16.93% were positive by using thymol turbidity test. The percent of mixed infection of mange, pseudotuberculosis, contagious skin necrosis and skin abscesses with trypanosomosis were 40.9%, 50%, 64.86% and 55.6% respectively.
Summary
from July 2003 till July 2004, a total number of 2377 camels in different ages and sexes, and in different localities in Upper Egypt (El-Minea, Assiut, Sohage, El-Wady El Gadid, Aswan Governorates and Shalatin city) and in different seasons of the year. Of these camels, 313 cases were found with skin affections.
The different skin affections were classified according to the clinical observations and laboratory findings into: mange (4.84%), pseudotuberculosis (2.1%), contagious skin necrosis (1.56%), skin abscesses (1.14%) and tick infestation (5.9%).
One hundred and fifteen out of 2377 camels were demonstrating signs of mange in different parts of the animal body either in the acute or chronic stages of the disease in the form of severe itching, loss of hair, thickening and folding of the skin and in many cases skin became dark grey coloured. Examination of skin scrapings revealed that only three samples yielded mite parasite, one of these mites was sarcoptic mite and the other two mites could be identified as psoroptic mite.
In respect to seasonal influence, the percent of infection with mange was higher in hot months of the year (6.67%) than non hot months (3.19%). Meanwhile there was no significant difference in the percent of infection with mange in both sexes (non sex-linked disease). In regard to age susceptibility, the highest percent of infection with mange was 7.4% at camels between 7-8 years of age. Concerning spatial distribution, the highest prevalence of mange was found in El-Minea Governorate (17%).
Fifty out of 2377 examined camels showed signs of pseudotuberculosis, enlargement and suppuration of lymph nodes (ventral superficial cervical lymph, mandibular, axillary, accessory axillary and cubital lymph nodes). Some of the affected lymph nodes were hot, tender and slightly hard in consistency, meanwhile others were cold, tenderless and very hard in consistency. By incision, some abscesses discharged whitish or yellowish white caseo-purulent inspissated putty like material tinged with blood, other abscesses revealed no pus material. Bacteriological examination of pus samples revealed that Corynebacterium spp. was the predominant isolated bacteria either alone or mixed with other bacteria (53.7%).
Concerning seasonal influence, the percent of infection with pseudotuberculosis was nearly similar in hot (2.05%) and non hot months (2.15%) of the year, so season has no effect on occurrence of pseudotuberculosis. In regard to sex susceptibility, the percent of infection with pseudotuberculosis was higher in female camels (3.5%) than males (1.79%). Concerning age susceptibility, the highest percent of infection with pseudotuberculosis was 3.04% at camels between 9-10 years of age. Prevalence of pseudotuberculosis reached it’s peak at El Wady El Gadid Governorate (7.11%).
Thirty seven out of 2377 examined camels showed lesions of contagious skin necrosis in different parts of the animal body, these lesions appeared as areas of necrosed skin separated from the surrounding healthy skin, cold and very hard in consistency, when removed circular ulcer filled with white bloody pus remained. Microbiologically, the predominant isolated bacteria from these lesions was Staphylococcus aureus (60.61%).
In respect to seasonal influence, the percent of infection with contagious skin necrosis was high in hot months of the year (2.22%). Concerning sex susceptibility, there was no significant variation in the percent of infection with contagious skin necrosis in both sexes. In regard to age susceptibility, the highest percent of infection with contagious skin necrosis was 2.61% at camels between 9-10 years of age. Prevalence of contagious skin necrosis reached it’s peak at El Wady El Gadid Governorate (5.16%).
Skin abscesses were detected in twenty seven cases out of 2377 examined camels, either in the neck region, face and hind limb of the animal. These abscesses were rounded in shape, 5-7 cm in diameter , cold, painless and firm in consistency. Ruptured and incised abscesses contained thick, sticky yellow whitish pus tinged with blood. Bacteriological analysis of pus samples revealed that the predominant isolated Gram positive bacteria was Staphylococcus aureus, and Gram negative bacteria was Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
In regard to seasonal influence, the percent of infection with skin abscesses reached it’s peak at hot months of the year (1.6%). Concerning sex susceptibility, there was no significant variation in the percent of infection with skin abscesses in both sexes. In respect to age susceptibility, the highest percent of infection with skin abscesses was 2.17% at camels between 9-10 years of age. The highest prevalence of skin abscesses was 2.58% in El Wady El Gadid Governorate.
One hundred and forty out of 2377 camels were suffer from tick infestation and the most commonly affected sites were under the tail, around the anus, nostrils, udder and inguinal region. Tick infestation was more prevalent at the hot months of the year (8.36%), and the highest percent of infection with it was 8.26% at camels between 9-10 years of age, moreover, the highest prevalence of tick infestation was in Assiut Governorate (16.31%).
7.67% of camels with skin diseases were positive to trypanosoma infection by using blood film examination, meanwhile 31.95% were positive by using formol gel test, 30.35% were positive by using mercuric chloride test and 16.93% were positive by using thymol turbidity test. The percent of mixed infection of mange, pseudotuberculosis, contagious skin necrosis and skin abscesses with trypanosomosis were 40.9%, 50%, 64.86% and 55.6% respectively.
Summary
from July 2003 till July 2004, a total number of 2377 camels in different ages and sexes, and in different localities in Upper Egypt (El-Minea, Assiut, Sohage, El-Wady El Gadid, Aswan Governorates and Shalatin city) and in different seasons of the year. Of these camels, 313 cases were found with skin affections.
The different skin affections were classified according to the clinical observations and laboratory findings into: mange (4.84%), pseudotuberculosis (2.1%), contagious skin necrosis (1.56%), skin abscesses (1.14%) and tick infestation (5.9%).
One hundred and fifteen out of 2377 camels were demonstrating signs of mange in different parts of the animal body either in the acute or chronic stages of the disease in the form of severe itching, loss of hair, thickening and folding of the skin and in many cases skin became dark grey coloured. Examination of skin scrapings revealed that only three samples yielded mite parasite, one of these mites was sarcoptic mite and the other two mites could be identified as psoroptic mite.
In respect to seasonal influence, the percent of infection with mange was higher in hot months of the year (6.67%) than non hot months (3.19%). Meanwhile there was no significant difference in the percent of infection with mange in both sexes (non sex-linked disease). In regard to age susceptibility, the highest percent of infection with mange was 7.4% at camels between 7-8 years of age. Concerning spatial distribution, the highest prevalence of mange was found in El-Minea Governorate (17%).
Fifty out of 2377 examined camels showed signs of pseudotuberculosis, enlargement and suppuration of lymph nodes (ventral superficial cervical lymph, mandibular, axillary, accessory axillary and cubital lymph nodes). Some of the affected lymph nodes were hot, tender and slightly hard in consistency, meanwhile others were cold, tenderless and very hard in consistency. By incision, some abscesses discharged whitish or yellowish white caseo-purulent inspissated putty like material tinged with blood, other abscesses revealed no pus material. Bacteriological examination of pus samples revealed that Corynebacterium spp. was the predominant isolated bacteria either alone or mixed with other bacteria (53.7%).
Concerning seasonal influence, the percent of infection with pseudotuberculosis was nearly similar in hot (2.05%) and non hot months (2.15%) of the year, so season has no effect on occurrence of pseudotuberculosis. In regard to sex susceptibility, the percent of infection with pseudotuberculosis was higher in female camels (3.5%) than males (1.79%). Concerning age susceptibility, the highest percent of infection with pseudotuberculosis was 3.04% at camels between 9-10 years of age. Prevalence of pseudotuberculosis reached it’s peak at El Wady El Gadid Governorate (7.11%).
Thirty seven out of 2377 examined camels showed lesions of contagious skin necrosis in different parts of the animal body, these lesions appeared as areas of necrosed skin separated from the surrounding healthy skin, cold and very hard in consistency, when removed circular ulcer filled with white bloody pus remained. Microbiologically, the predominant isolated bacteria from these lesions was Staphylococcus aureus (60.61%).
In respect to seasonal influence, the percent of infection with contagious skin necrosis was high in hot months of the year (2.22%). Concerning sex susceptibility, there was no significant variation in the percent of infection with contagious skin necrosis in both sexes. In regard to age susceptibility, the highest percent of infection with contagious skin necrosis was 2.61% at camels between 9-10 years of age. Prevalence of contagious skin necrosis reached it’s peak at El Wady El Gadid Governorate (5.16%).
Skin abscesses were detected in twenty seven cases out of 2377 examined camels, either in the neck region, face and hind limb of the animal. These abscesses were rounded in shape, 5-7 cm in diameter , cold, painless and firm in consistency. Ruptured and incised abscesses contained thick, sticky yellow whitish pus tinged with blood. Bacteriological analysis of pus samples revealed that the predominant isolated Gram positive bacteria was Staphylococcus aureus, and Gram negative bacteria was Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
In regard to seasonal influence, the percent of infection with skin abscesses reached it’s peak at hot months of the year (1.6%). Concerning sex susceptibility, there was no significant variation in the percent of infection with skin abscesses in both sexes. In respect to age susceptibility, the highest percent of infection with skin abscesses was 2.17% at camels between 9-10 years of age. The highest prevalence of skin abscesses was 2.58% in El Wady El Gadid Governorate.
One hundred and forty out of 2377 camels were suffer from tick infestation and the most commonly affected sites were under the tail, around the anus, nostrils, udder and inguinal region. Tick infestation was more prevalent at the hot months of the year (8.36%), and the highest percent of infection with it was 8.26% at camels between 9-10 years of age, moreover, the highest prevalence of tick infestation was in Assiut Governorate (16.31%).
7.67% of camels with skin diseases were positive to trypanosoma infection by using blood film examination, meanwhile 31.95% were positive by using formol gel test, 30.35% were positive by using mercuric chloride test and 16.93% were positive by using thymol turbidity test. The percent of mixed infection of mange, pseudotuberculosis, contagious skin necrosis and skin abscesses with trypanosomosis were 40.9%, 50%, 64.86% and 55.6% respectively.
Summary
from July 2003 till July 2004, a total number of 2377 camels in different ages and sexes, and in different localities in Upper Egypt (El-Minea, Assiut, Sohage, El-Wady El Gadid, Aswan Governorates and Shalatin city) and in different seasons of the year. Of these camels, 313 cases were found with skin affections.
The different skin affections were classified according to the clinical observations and laboratory findings into: mange (4.84%), pseudotuberculosis (2.1%), contagious skin necrosis (1.56%), skin abscesses (1.14%) and tick infestation (5.9%).
One hundred and fifteen out of 2377 camels were demonstrating signs of mange in different parts of the animal body either in the acute or chronic stages of the disease in the form of severe itching, loss of hair, thickening and folding of the skin and in many cases skin became dark grey coloured. Examination of skin scrapings revealed that only three samples yielded mite parasite, one of these mites was sarcoptic mite and the other two mites could be identified as psoroptic mite.
In respect to seasonal influence, the percent of infection with mange was higher in hot months of the year (6.67%) than non hot months (3.19%). Meanwhile there was no significant difference in the percent of infection with mange in both sexes (non sex-linked disease). In regard to age susceptibility, the highest percent of infection with mange was 7.4% at camels between 7-8 years of age. Concerning spatial distribution, the highest prevalence of mange was found in El-Minea Governorate (17%).
Fifty out of 2377 examined camels showed signs of pseudotuberculosis, enlargement and suppuration of lymph nodes (ventral superficial cervical lymph, mandibular, axillary, accessory axillary and cubital lymph nodes). Some of the affected lymph nodes were hot, tender and slightly hard in consistency, meanwhile others were cold, tenderless and very hard in consistency. By incision, some abscesses discharged whitish or yellowish white caseo-purulent inspissated putty like material tinged with blood, other abscesses revealed no pus material. Bacteriological examination of pus samples revealed that Corynebacterium spp. was the predominant isolated bacteria either alone or mixed with other bacteria (53.7%).
Concerning seasonal influence, the percent of infection with pseudotuberculosis was nearly similar in hot (2.05%) and non hot months (2.15%) of the year, so season has no effect on occurrence of pseudotuberculosis. In regard to sex susceptibility, the percent of infection with pseudotuberculosis was higher in female camels (3.5%) than males (1.79%). Concerning age susceptibility, the highest percent of infection with pseudotuberculosis was 3.04% at camels between 9-10 years of age. Prevalence of pseudotuberculosis reached it’s peak at El Wady El Gadid Governorate (7.11%).
Thirty seven out of 2377 examined camels showed lesions of contagious skin necrosis in different parts of the animal body, these lesions appeared as areas of necrosed skin separated from the surrounding healthy skin, cold and very hard in consistency, when removed circular ulcer filled with white bloody pus remained. Microbiologically, the predominant isolated bacteria from these lesions was Staphylococcus aureus (60.61%).
In respect to seasonal influence, the percent of infection with contagious skin necrosis was high in hot months of the year (2.22%). Concerning sex susceptibility, there was no significant variation in the percent of infection with contagious skin necrosis in both sexes. In regard to age susceptibility, the highest percent of infection with contagious skin necrosis was 2.61% at camels between 9-10 years of age. Prevalence of contagious skin necrosis reached it’s peak at El Wady El Gadid Governorate (5.16%).
Skin abscesses were detected in twenty seven cases out of 2377 examined camels, either in the neck region, face and hind limb of the animal. These abscesses were rounded in shape, 5-7 cm in diameter , cold, painless and firm in consistency. Ruptured and incised abscesses contained thick, sticky yellow whitish pus tinged with blood. Bacteriological analysis of pus samples revealed that the predominant isolated Gram positive bacteria was Staphylococcus aureus, and Gram negative bacteria was Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
In regard to seasonal influence, the percent of infection with skin abscesses reached it’s peak at hot months of the year (1.6%). Concerning sex susceptibility, there was no significant variation in the percent of infection with skin abscesses in both sexes. In respect to age susceptibility, the highest percent of infection with skin abscesses was 2.17% at camels between 9-10 years of age. The highest prevalence of skin abscesses was 2.58% in El Wady El Gadid Governorate.
One hundred and forty out of 2377 camels were suffer from tick infestation and the most commonly affected sites were under the tail, around the anus, nostrils, udder and inguinal region. Tick infestation was more prevalent at the hot months of the year (8.36%), and the highest percent of infection with it was 8.26% at camels between 9-10 years of age, moreover, the highest prevalence of tick infestation was in Assiut Governorate (16.31%).
7.67% of camels with skin diseases were positive to trypanosoma infection by using blood film examination, meanwhile 31.95% were positive by using formol gel test, 30.35% were positive by using mercuric chloride test and 16.93% were positive by using thymol turbidity test. The percent of mixed infection of mange, pseudotuberculosis, contagious skin necrosis and skin abscesses with trypanosomosis were 40.9%, 50%, 64.86% and 55.6% respectively.
Summary
from July 2003 till July 2004, a total number of 2377 camels in different ages and sexes, and in different localities in Upper Egypt (El-Minea, Assiut, Sohage, El-Wady El Gadid, Aswan Governorates and Shalatin city) and in different seasons of the year. Of these camels, 313 cases were found with skin affections.
The different skin affections were classified according to the clinical observations and laboratory findings into: mange (4.84%), pseudotuberculosis (2.1%), contagious skin necrosis (1.56%), skin abscesses (1.14%) and tick infestation (5.9%).
One hundred and fifteen out of 2377 camels were demonstrating signs of mange in different parts of the animal body either in the acute or chronic stages of the disease in the form of severe itching, loss of hair, thickening and folding of the skin and in many cases skin became dark grey coloured. Examination of skin scrapings revealed that only three samples yielded mite parasite, one of these mites was sarcoptic mite and the other two mites could be identified as psoroptic mite.
In respect to seasonal influence, the percent of infection with mange was higher in hot months of the year (6.67%) than non hot months (3.19%). Meanwhile there was no significant difference in the percent of infection with mange in both sexes (non sex-linked disease). In regard to age susceptibility, the highest percent of infection with mange was 7.4% at camels between 7-8 years of age. Concerning spatial distribution, the highest prevalence of mange was found in El-Minea Governorate (17%).
Fifty out of 2377 examined camels showed signs of pseudotuberculosis, enlargement and suppuration of lymph nodes (ventral superficial cervical lymph, mandibular, axillary, accessory axillary and cubital lymph nodes). Some of the affected lymph nodes were hot, tender and slightly hard in consistency, meanwhile others were cold, tenderless and very hard in consistency. By incision, some abscesses discharged whitish or yellowish white caseo-purulent inspissated putty like material tinged with blood, other abscesses revealed no pus material. Bacteriological examination of pus samples revealed that Corynebacterium spp. was the predominant isolated bacteria either alone or mixed with other bacteria (53.7%).
Concerning seasonal influence, the percent of infection with pseudotuberculosis was nearly similar in hot (2.05%) and non hot months (2.15%) of the year, so season has no effect on occurrence of pseudotuberculosis. In regard to sex susceptibility, the percent of infection with pseudotuberculosis was higher in female camels (3.5%) than males (1.79%). Concerning age susceptibility, the highest percent of infection with pseudotuberculosis was 3.04% at camels between 9-10 years of age. Prevalence of pseudotuberculosis reached it’s peak at El Wady El Gadid Governorate (7.11%).
Thirty seven out of 2377 examined camels showed lesions of contagious skin necrosis in different parts of the animal body, these lesions appeared as areas of necrosed skin separated from the surrounding healthy skin, cold and very hard in consistency, when removed circular ulcer filled with white bloody pus remained. Microbiologically, the predominant isolated bacteria from these lesions was Staphylococcus aureus (60.61%).
In respect to seasonal influence, the percent of infection with contagious skin necrosis was high in hot months of the year (2.22%). Concerning sex susceptibility, there was no significant variation in the percent of infection with contagious skin necrosis in both sexes. In regard to age susceptibility, the highest percent of infection with contagious skin necrosis was 2.61% at camels between 9-10 years of age. Prevalence of contagious skin necrosis reached it’s peak at El Wady El Gadid Governorate (5.16%).
Skin abscesses were detected in twenty seven cases out of 2377 examined camels, either in the neck region, face and hind limb of the animal. These abscesses were rounded in shape, 5-7 cm in diameter , cold, painless and firm in consistency. Ruptured and incised abscesses contained thick, sticky yellow whitish pus tinged with blood. Bacteriological analysis of pus samples revealed that the predominant isolated Gram positive bacteria was Staphylococcus aureus, and Gram negative bacteria was Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
In regard to seasonal influence, the percent of infection with skin abscesses reached it’s peak at hot months of the year (1.6%). Concerning sex susceptibility, there was no significant variation in the percent of infection with skin abscesses in both sexes. In respect to age susceptibility, the highest percent of infection with skin abscesses was 2.17% at camels between 9-10 years of age. The highest prevalence of skin abscesses was 2.58% in El Wady El Gadid Governorate.
One hundred and forty out of 2377 camels were suffer from tick infestation and the most commonly affected sites were under the tail, around the anus, nostrils, udder and inguinal region. Tick infestation was more prevalent at the hot months of the year (8.36%), and the highest percent of infection with it was 8.26% at camels between 9-10 years of age, moreover, the highest prevalence of tick infestation was in Assiut Governorate (16.31%).
7.67% of camels with skin diseases were positive to trypanosoma infection by using blood film examination, meanwhile 31.95% were positive by using formol gel test, 30.35% were positive by using mercuric chloride test and 16.93% were positive by using thymol turbidity test. The percent of mixed infection of mange, pseudotuberculosis, contagious skin necrosis and skin abscesses with trypanosomosis were 40.9%, 50%, 64.86% and 55.6% respectively.
Summary
from July 2003 till July 2004, a total number of 2377 camels in different ages and sexes, and in different localities in Upper Egypt (El-Minea, Assiut, Sohage, El-Wady El Gadid, Aswan Governorates and Shalatin city) and in different seasons of the year. Of these camels, 313 cases were found with skin affections.
The different skin affections were classified according to the clinical observations and laboratory findings into: mange (4.84%), pseudotuberculosis (2.1%), contagious skin necrosis (1.56%), skin abscesses (1.14%) and tick infestation (5.9%).
One hundred and fifteen out of 2377 camels were demonstrating signs of mange in different parts of the animal body either in the acute or chronic stages of the disease in the form of severe itching, loss of hair, thickening and folding of the skin and in many cases skin became dark grey coloured. Examination of skin scrapings revealed that only three samples yielded mite parasite, one of these mites was sarcoptic mite and the other two mites could be identified as psoroptic mite.
In respect to seasonal influence, the percent of infection with mange was higher in hot months of the year (6.67%) than non hot months (3.19%). Meanwhile there was no significant difference in the percent of infection with mange in both sexes (non sex-linked disease). In regard to age susceptibility, the highest percent of infection with mange was 7.4% at camels between 7-8 years of age. Concerning spatial distribution, the highest prevalence of mange was found in El-Minea Governorate (17%).
Fifty out of 2377 examined camels showed signs of pseudotuberculosis, enlargement and suppuration of lymph nodes (ventral superficial cervical lymph, mandibular, axillary, accessory axillary and cubital lymph nodes). Some of the affected lymph nodes were hot, tender and slightly hard in consistency, meanwhile others were cold, tenderless and very hard in consistency. By incision, some abscesses discharged whitish or yellowish white caseo-purulent inspissated putty like material tinged with blood, other abscesses revealed no pus material. Bacteriological examination of pus samples revealed that Corynebacterium spp. was the predominant isolated bacteria either alone or mixed with other bacteria (53.7%).
Concerning seasonal influence, the percent of infection with pseudotuberculosis was nearly similar in hot (2.05%) and non hot months (2.15%) of the year, so season has no effect on occurrence of pseudotuberculosis. In regard to sex susceptibility, the percent of infection with pseudotuberculosis was higher in female camels (3.5%) than males (1.79%). Concerning age susceptibility, the highest percent of infection with pseudotuberculosis was 3.04% at camels between 9-10 years of age. Prevalence of pseudotuberculosis reached it’s peak at El Wady El Gadid Governorate (7.11%).
Thirty seven out of 2377 examined camels showed lesions of contagious skin necrosis in different parts of the animal body, these lesions appeared as areas of necrosed skin separated from the surrounding healthy skin, cold and very hard in consistency, when removed circular ulcer filled with white bloody pus remained. Microbiologically, the predominant isolated bacteria from these lesions was Staphylococcus aureus (60.61%).
In respect to seasonal influence, the percent of infection with contagious skin necrosis was high in hot months of the year (2.22%). Concerning sex susceptibility, there was no significant variation in the percent of infection with contagious skin necrosis in both sexes. In regard to age susceptibility, the highest percent of infection with contagious skin necrosis was 2.61% at camels between 9-10 years of age. Prevalence of contagious skin necrosis reached it’s peak at El Wady El Gadid Governorate (5.16%).
Skin abscesses were detected in twenty seven cases out of 2377 examined camels, either in the neck region, face and hind limb of the animal. These abscesses were rounded in shape, 5-7 cm in diameter , cold, painless and firm in consistency. Ruptured and incised abscesses contained thick, sticky yellow whitish pus tinged with blood. Bacteriological analysis of pus samples revealed that the predominant isolated Gram positive bacteria was Staphylococcus aureus, and Gram negative bacteria was Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
In regard to seasonal influence, the percent of infection with skin abscesses reached it’s peak at hot months of the year (1.6%). Concerning sex susceptibility, there was no significant variation in the percent of infection with skin abscesses in both sexes. In respect to age susceptibility, the highest percent of infection with skin abscesses was 2.17% at camels between 9-10 years of age. The highest prevalence of skin abscesses was 2.58% in El Wady El Gadid Governorate.
One hundred and forty out of 2377 camels were suffer from tick infestation and the most commonly affected sites were under the tail, around the anus, nostrils, udder and inguinal region. Tick infestation was more prevalent at the hot months of the year (8.36%), and the highest percent of infection with it was 8.26% at camels between 9-10 years of age, moreover, the highest prevalence of tick infestation was in Assiut Governorate (16.31%).
7.67% of camels with skin diseases were positive to trypanosoma infection by using blood film examination, meanwhile 31.95% were positive by using formol gel test, 30.35% were positive by using mercuric chloride test and 16.93% were positive by using thymol turbidity test. The percent of mixed infection of mange, pseudotuberculosis, contagious skin necrosis and skin abscesses with trypanosomosis were 40.9%, 50%, 64.86% and 55.6% respectively.
Summary
from July 2003 till July 2004, a total number of 2377 camels in different ages and sexes, and in different localities in Upper Egypt (El-Minea, Assiut, Sohage, El-Wady El Gadid, Aswan Governorates and Shalatin city) and in different seasons of the year. Of these camels, 313 cases were found with skin affections.
The different skin affections were classified according to the clinical observations and laboratory findings into: mange (4.84%), pseudotuberculosis (2.1%), contagious skin necrosis (1.56%), skin abscesses (1.14%) and tick infestation (5.9%).
One hundred and fifteen out of 2377 camels were demonstrating signs of mange in different parts of the animal body either in the acute or chronic stages of the disease in the form of severe itching, loss of hair, thickening and folding of the skin and in many cases skin became dark grey coloured. Examination of skin scrapings revealed that only three samples yielded mite parasite, one of these mites was sarcoptic mite and the other two mites could be identified as psoroptic mite.
In respect to seasonal influence, the percent of infection with mange was higher in hot months of the year (6.67%) than non hot months (3.19%). Meanwhile there was no significant difference in the percent of infection with mange in both sexes (non sex-linked disease). In regard to age susceptibility, the highest percent of infection with mange was 7.4% at camels between 7-8 years of age. Concerning spatial distribution, the highest prevalence of mange was found in El-Minea Governorate (17%).
Fifty out of 2377 examined camels showed signs of pseudotuberculosis, enlargement and suppuration of lymph nodes (ventral superficial cervical lymph, mandibular, axillary, accessory axillary and cubital lymph nodes). Some of the affected lymph nodes were hot, tender and slightly hard in consistency, meanwhile others were cold, tenderless and very hard in consistency. By incision, some abscesses discharged whitish or yellowish white caseo-purulent inspissated putty like material tinged with blood, other abscesses revealed no pus material. Bacteriological examination of pus samples revealed that Corynebacterium spp. was the predominant isolated bacteria either alone or mixed with other bacteria (53.7%).
Concerning seasonal influence, the percent of infection with pseudotuberculosis was nearly similar in hot (2.05%) and non hot months (2.15%) of the year, so season has no effect on occurrence of pseudotuberculosis. In regard to sex susceptibility, the percent of infection with pseudotuberculosis was higher in female camels (3.5%) than males (1.79%). Concerning age susceptibility, the highest percent of infection with pseudotuberculosis was 3.04% at camels between 9-10 years of age. Prevalence of pseudotuberculosis reached it’s peak at El Wady El Gadid Governorate (7.11%).
Thirty seven out of 2377 examined camels showed lesions of contagious skin necrosis in different parts of the animal body, these lesions appeared as areas of necrosed skin separated from the surrounding healthy skin, cold and very hard in consistency, when removed circular ulcer filled with white bloody pus remained. Microbiologically, the predominant isolated bacteria from these lesions was Staphylococcus aureus (60.61%).
In respect to seasonal influence, the percent of infection with contagious skin necrosis was high in hot months of the year (2.22%). Concerning sex susceptibility, there was no significant variation in the percent of infection with contagious skin necrosis in both sexes. In regard to age susceptibility, the highest percent of infection with contagious skin necrosis was 2.61% at camels between 9-10 years of age. Prevalence of contagious skin necrosis reached it’s peak at El Wady El Gadid Governorate (5.16%).
Skin abscesses were detected in twenty seven cases out of 2377 examined camels, either in the neck region, face and hind limb of the animal. These abscesses were rounded in shape, 5-7 cm in diameter , cold, painless and firm in consistency. Ruptured and incised abscesses contained thick, sticky yellow whitish pus tinged with blood. Bacteriological analysis of pus samples revealed that the predominant isolated Gram positive bacteria was Staphylococcus aureus, and Gram negative bacteria was Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
In regard to seasonal influence, the percent of infection with skin abscesses reached it’s peak at hot months of the year (1.6%). Concerning sex susceptibility, there was no significant variation in the percent of infection with skin abscesses in both sexes. In respect to age susceptibility, the highest percent of infection with skin abscesses was 2.17% at camels between 9-10 years of age. The highest prevalence of skin abscesses was 2.58% in El Wady El Gadid Governorate.
One hundred and forty out of 2377 camels were suffer from tick infestation and the most commonly affected sites were under the tail, around the anus, nostrils, udder and inguinal region. Tick infestation was more prevalent at the hot months of the year (8.36%), and the highest percent of infection with it was 8.26% at camels between 9-10 years of age, moreover, the highest prevalence of tick infestation was in Assiut Governorate (16.31%).
7.67% of camels with skin diseases were positive to trypanosoma infection by using blood film examination, meanwhile 31.95% were positive by using formol gel test, 30.35% were positive by using mercuric chloride test and 16.93% were positive by using thymol turbidity test. The percent of mixed infection of mange, pseudotuberculosis, contagious skin necrosis and skin abscesses with trypanosomosis were 40.9%, 50%, 64.86% and 55.6% respectively.
Summary
from July 2003 till July 2004, a total number of 2377 camels in different ages and sexes, and in different localities in Upper Egypt (El-Minea, Assiut, Sohage, El-Wady El Gadid, Aswan Governorates and Shalatin city) and in different seasons of the year. Of these camels, 313 cases were found with skin affections.
The different skin affections were classified according to the clinical observations and laboratory findings into: mange (4.84%), pseudotuberculosis (2.1%), contagious skin necrosis (1.56%), skin abscesses (1.14%) and tick infestation (5.9%).
One hundred and fifteen out of 2377 camels were demonstrating signs of mange in different parts of the animal body either in the acute or chronic stages of the disease in the form of severe itching, loss of hair, thickening and folding of the skin and in many cases skin became dark grey coloured. Examination of skin scrapings revealed that only three samples yielded mite parasite, one of these mites was sarcoptic mite and the other two mites could be identified as psoroptic mite.
In respect to seasonal influence, the percent of infection with mange was higher in hot months of the year (6.67%) than non hot months (3.19%). Meanwhile there was no significant difference in the percent of infection with mange in both sexes (non sex-linked disease). In regard to age susceptibility, the highest percent of infection with mange was 7.4% at camels between 7-8 years of age. Concerning spatial distribution, the highest prevalence of mange was found in El-Minea Governorate (17%).
Fifty out of 2377 examined camels showed signs of pseudotuberculosis, enlargement and suppuration of lymph nodes (ventral superficial cervical lymph, mandibular, axillary, accessory axillary and cubital lymph nodes). Some of the affected lymph nodes were hot, tender and slightly hard in consistency, meanwhile others were cold, tenderless and very hard in consistency. By incision, some abscesses discharged whitish or yellowish white caseo-purulent inspissated putty like material tinged with blood, other abscesses revealed no pus material. Bacteriological examination of pus samples revealed that Corynebacterium spp. was the predominant isolated bacteria either alone or mixed with other bacteria (53.7%).
Concerning seasonal influence, the percent of infection with pseudotuberculosis was nearly similar in hot (2.05%) and non hot months (2.15%) of the year, so season has no effect on occurrence of pseudotuberculosis. In regard to sex susceptibility, the percent of infection with pseudotuberculosis was higher in female camels (3.5%) than males (1.79%). Concerning age susceptibility, the highest percent of infection with pseudotuberculosis was 3.04% at camels between 9-10 years of age. Prevalence of pseudotuberculosis reached it’s peak at El Wady El Gadid Governorate (7.11%).
Thirty seven out of 2377 examined camels showed lesions of contagious skin necrosis in different parts of the animal body, these lesions appeared as areas of necrosed skin separated from the surrounding healthy skin, cold and very hard in consistency, when removed circular ulcer filled with white bloody pus remained. Microbiologically, the predominant isolated bacteria from these lesions was Staphylococcus aureus (60.61%).
In respect to seasonal influence, the percent of infection with contagious skin necrosis was high in hot months of the year (2.22%). Concerning sex susceptibility, there was no significant variation in the percent of infection with contagious skin necrosis in both sexes. In regard to age susceptibility, the highest percent of infection with contagious skin necrosis was 2.61% at camels between 9-10 years of age. Prevalence of contagious skin necrosis reached it’s peak at El Wady El Gadid Governorate (5.16%).
Skin abscesses were detected in twenty seven cases out of 2377 examined camels, either in the neck region, face and hind limb of the animal. These abscesses were rounded in shape, 5-7 cm in diameter , cold, painless and firm in consistency. Ruptured and incised abscesses contained thick, sticky yellow whitish pus tinged with blood. Bacteriological analysis of pus samples revealed that the predominant isolated Gram positive bacteria was Staphylococcus aureus, and Gram negative bacteria was Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
In regard to seasonal influence, the percent of infection with skin abscesses reached it’s peak at hot months of the year (1.6%). Concerning sex susceptibility, there was no significant variation in the percent of infection with skin abscesses in both sexes. In respect to age susceptibility, the highest percent of infection with skin abscesses was 2.17% at camels between 9-10 years of age. The highest prevalence of skin abscesses was 2.58% in El Wady El Gadid Governorate.
One hundred and forty out of 2377 camels were suffer from tick infestation and the most commonly affected sites were under the tail, around the anus, nostrils, udder and inguinal region. Tick infestation was more prevalent at the hot months of the year (8.36%), and the highest percent of infection with it was 8.26% at camels between 9-10 years of age, moreover, the highest prevalence of tick infestation was in Assiut Governorate (16.31%).
7.67% of camels with skin diseases were positive to trypanosoma infection by using blood film examination, meanwhile 31.95% were positive by using formol gel test, 30.35% were positive by using mercuric chloride test and 16.93% were positive by using thymol turbidity test. The percent of mixed infection of mange, pseudotuberculosis, contagious skin necrosis and skin abscesses with trypanosomosis were 40.9%, 50%, 64.86% and 55.6% respectively.
Summary
from July 2003 till July 2004, a total number of 2377 camels in different ages and sexes, and in different localities in Upper Egypt (El-Minea, Assiut, Sohage, El-Wady El Gadid, Aswan Governorates and Shalatin city) and in different seasons of the year. Of these camels, 313 cases were found with skin affections.
The different skin affections were classified according to the clinical observations and laboratory findings into: mange (4.84%), pseudotuberculosis (2.1%), contagious skin necrosis (1.56%), skin abscesses (1.14%) and tick infestation (5.9%).
One hundred and fifteen out of 2377 camels were demonstrating signs of mange in different parts of the animal body either in the acute or chronic stages of the disease in the form of severe itching, loss of hair, thickening and folding of the skin and in many cases skin became dark grey coloured. Examination of skin scrapings revealed that only three samples yielded mite parasite, one of these mites was sarcoptic mite and the other two mites could be identified as psoroptic mite.
In respect to seasonal influence, the percent of infection with mange was higher in hot months of the year (6.67%) than non hot months (3.19%). Meanwhile there was no significant difference in the percent of infection with mange in both sexes (non sex-linked disease). In regard to age susceptibility, the highest percent of infection with mange was 7.4% at camels between 7-8 years of age. Concerning spatial distribution, the highest prevalence of mange was found in El-Minea Governorate (17%).
Fifty out of 2377 examined camels showed signs of pseudotuberculosis, enlargement and suppuration of lymph nodes (ventral superficial cervical lymph, mandibular, axillary, accessory axillary and cubital lymph nodes). Some of the affected lymph nodes were hot, tender and slightly hard in consistency, meanwhile others were cold, tenderless and very hard in consistency. By incision, some abscesses discharged whitish or yellowish white caseo-purulent inspissated putty like material tinged with blood, other abscesses revealed no pus material. Bacteriological examination of pus samples revealed that Corynebacterium spp. was the predominant isolated bacteria either alone or mixed with other bacteria (53.7%).
Concerning seasonal influence, the percent of infection with pseudotuberculosis was nearly similar in hot (2.05%) and non hot months (2.15%) of the year, so season has no effect on occurrence of pseudotuberculosis. In regard to sex susceptibility, the percent of infection with pseudotuberculosis was higher in female camels (3.5%) than males (1.79%). Concerning age susceptibility, the highest percent of infection with pseudotuberculosis was 3.04% at camels between 9-10 years of age. Prevalence of pseudotuberculosis reached it’s peak at El Wady El Gadid Governorate (7.11%).
Thirty seven out of 2377 examined camels showed lesions of contagious skin necrosis in different parts of the animal body, these lesions appeared as areas of necrosed skin separated from the surrounding healthy skin, cold and very hard in consistency, when removed circular ulcer filled with white bloody pus remained. Microbiologically, the predominant isolated bacteria from these lesions was Staphylococcus aureus (60.61%).
In respect to seasonal influence, the percent of infection with contagious skin necrosis was high in hot months of the year (2.22%). Concerning sex susceptibility, there was no significant variation in the percent of infection with contagious skin necrosis in both sexes. In regard to age susceptibility, the highest percent of infection with contagious skin necrosis was 2.61% at camels between 9-10 years of age. Prevalence of contagious skin necrosis reached it’s peak at El Wady El Gadid Governorate (5.16%).
Skin abscesses were detected in twenty seven cases out of 2377 examined camels, either in the neck region, face and hind limb of the animal. These abscesses were rounded in shape, 5-7 cm in diameter , cold, painless and firm in consistency. Ruptured and incised abscesses contained thick, sticky yellow whitish pus tinged with blood. Bacteriological analysis of pus samples revealed that the predominant isolated Gram positive bacteria was Staphylococcus aureus, and Gram negative bacteria was Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
In regard to seasonal influence, the percent of infection with skin abscesses reached it’s peak at hot months of the year (1.6%). Concerning sex susceptibility, there was no significant variation in the percent of infection with skin abscesses in both sexes. In respect to age susceptibility, the highest percent of infection with skin abscesses was 2.17% at camels between 9-10 years of age. The highest prevalence of skin abscesses was 2.58% in El Wady El Gadid Governorate.
One hundred and forty out of 2377 camels were suffer from tick infestation and the most commonly affected sites were under the tail, around the anus, nostrils, udder and inguinal region. Tick infestation was more prevalent at the hot months of the year (8.36%), and the highest percent of infection with it was 8.26% at camels between 9-10 years of age, moreover, the highest prevalence of tick infestation was in Assiut Governorate (16.31%).
7.67% of camels with skin diseases were positive to trypanosoma infection by using blood film examination, meanwhile 31.95% were positive by using formol gel test, 30.35% were positive by using mercuric chloride test and 16.93% were positive by using thymol turbidity test. The percent of mixed infection of mange, pseudotuberculosis, contagious skin necrosis and skin abscesses with trypanosomosis were 40.9%, 50%, 64.86% and 55.6% respectively.
Summary
from July 2003 till July 2004, a total number of 2377 camels in different ages and sexes, and in different localities in Upper Egypt (El-Minea, Assiut, Sohage, El-Wady El Gadid, Aswan Governorates and Shalatin city) and in different seasons of the year. Of these camels, 313 cases were found with skin affections.
The different skin affections were classified according to the clinical observations and laboratory findings into: mange (4.84%), pseudotuberculosis (2.1%), contagious skin necrosis (1.56%), skin abscesses (1.14%) and tick infestation (5.9%).
One hundred and fifteen out of 2377 camels were demonstrating signs of mange in different parts of the animal body either in the acute or chronic stages of the disease in the form of severe itching, loss of hair, thickening and folding of the skin and in many cases skin became dark grey coloured. Examination of skin scrapings revealed that only three samples yielded mite parasite, one of these mites was sarcoptic mite and the other two mites could be identified as psoroptic mite.
In respect to seasonal influence, the percent of infection with mange was higher in hot months of the year (6.67%) than non hot months (3.19%). Meanwhile there was no significant difference in the percent of infection with mange in both sexes (non sex-linked disease). In regard to age susceptibility, the highest percent of infection with mange was 7.4% at camels between 7-8 years of age. Concerning spatial distribution, the highest prevalence of mange was found in El-Minea Governorate (17%).
Fifty out of 2377 examined camels showed signs of pseudotuberculosis, enlargement and suppuration of lymph nodes (ventral superficial cervical lymph, mandibular, axillary, accessory axillary and cubital lymph nodes). Some of the affected lymph nodes were hot, tender and slightly hard in consistency, meanwhile others were cold, tenderless and very hard in consistency. By incision, some abscesses discharged whitish or yellowish white caseo-purulent inspissated putty like material tinged with blood, other abscesses revealed no pus material. Bacteriological examination of pus samples revealed that Corynebacterium spp. was the predominant isolated bacteria either alone or mixed with other bacteria (53.7%).
Concerning seasonal influence, the percent of infection with pseudotuberculosis was nearly similar in hot (2.05%) and non hot months (2.15%) of the year, so season has no effect on occurrence of pseudotuberculosis. In regard to sex susceptibility, the percent of infection with pseudotuberculosis was higher in female camels (3.5%) than males (1.79%). Concerning age susceptibility, the highest percent of infection with pseudotuberculosis was 3.04% at camels between 9-10 years of age. Prevalence of pseudotuberculosis reached it’s peak at El Wady El Gadid Governorate (7.11%).
Thirty seven out of 2377 examined camels showed lesions of contagious skin necrosis in different parts of the animal body, these lesions appeared as areas of necrosed skin separated from the surrounding healthy skin, cold and very hard in consistency, when removed circular ulcer filled with white bloody pus remained. Microbiologically, the predominant isolated bacteria from these lesions was Staphylococcus aureus (60.61%).
In respect to seasonal influence, the percent of infection with contagious skin necrosis was high in hot months of the year (2.22%). Concerning sex susceptibility, there was no significant variation in the percent of infection with contagious skin necrosis in both sexes. In regard to age susceptibility, the highest percent of infection with contagious skin necrosis was 2.61% at camels between 9-10 years of age. Prevalence of contagious skin necrosis reached it’s peak at El Wady El Gadid Governorate (5.16%).
Skin abscesses were detected in twenty seven cases out of 2377 examined camels, either in the neck region, face and hind limb of the animal. These abscesses were rounded in shape, 5-7 cm in diameter , cold, painless and firm in consistency. Ruptured and incised abscesses contained thick, sticky yellow whitish pus tinged with blood. Bacteriological analysis of pus samples revealed that the predominant isolated Gram positive bacteria was Staphylococcus aureus, and Gram negative bacteria was Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
In regard to seasonal influence, the percent of infection with skin abscesses reached it’s peak at hot months of the year (1.6%). Concerning sex susceptibility, there was no significant variation in the percent of infection with skin abscesses in both sexes. In respect to age susceptibility, the highest percent of infection with skin abscesses was 2.17% at camels between 9-10 years of age. The highest prevalence of skin abscesses was 2.58% in El Wady El Gadid Governorate.
One hundred and forty out of 2377 camels were suffer from tick infestation and the most commonly affected sites were under the tail, around the anus, nostrils, udder and inguinal region. Tick infestation was more prevalent at the hot months of the year (8.36%), and the highest percent of infection with it was 8.26% at camels between 9-10 years of age, moreover, the highest prevalence of tick infestation was in Assiut Governorate (16.31%).
7.67% of camels with skin diseases were positive to trypanosoma infection by using blood film examination, meanwhile 31.95% were positive by using formol gel test, 30.35% were positive by using mercuric chloride test and 16.93% were positive by using thymol turbidity test. The percent of mixed infection of mange, pseudotuberculosis, contagious skin necrosis and skin abscesses with trypanosomosis were 40.9%, 50%, 64.86% and 55.6% respectively.
Summary
from July 2003 till July 2004, a total number of 2377 camels in different ages and sexes, and in different localities in Upper Egypt (El-Minea, Assiut, Sohage, El-Wady El Gadid, Aswan Governorates and Shalatin city) and in different seasons of the year. Of these camels, 313 cases were found with skin affections.
The different skin affections were classified according to the clinical observations and laboratory findings into: mange (4.84%), pseudotuberculosis (2.1%), contagious skin necrosis (1.56%), skin abscesses (1.14%) and tick infestation (5.9%).
One hundred and fifteen out of 2377 camels were demonstrating signs of mange in different parts of the animal body either in the acute or chronic stages of the disease in the form of severe itching, loss of hair, thickening and folding of the skin and in many cases skin became dark grey coloured. Examination of skin scrapings revealed that only three samples yielded mite parasite, one of these mites was sarcoptic mite and the other two mites could be identified as psoroptic mite.
In respect to seasonal influence, the percent of infection with mange was higher in hot months of the year (6.67%) than non hot months (3.19%). Meanwhile there was no significant difference in the percent of infection with mange in both sexes (non sex-linked disease). In regard to age susceptibility, the highest percent of infection with mange was 7.4% at camels between 7-8 years of age. Concerning spatial distribution, the highest prevalence of mange was found in El-Minea Governorate (17%).
Fifty out of 2377 examined camels showed signs of pseudotuberculosis, enlargement and suppuration of lymph nodes (ventral superficial cervical lymph, mandibular, axillary, accessory axillary and cubital lymph nodes). Some of the affected lymph nodes were hot, tender and slightly hard in consistency, meanwhile others were cold, tenderless and very hard in consistency. By incision, some abscesses discharged whitish or yellowish white caseo-purulent inspissated putty like material tinged with blood, other abscesses revealed no pus material. Bacteriological examination of pus samples revealed that Corynebacterium spp. was the predominant isolated bacteria either alone or mixed with other bacteria (53.7%).
Concerning seasonal influence, the percent of infection with pseudotuberculosis was nearly similar in hot (2.05%) and non hot months (2.15%) of the year, so season has no effect on occurrence of pseudotuberculosis. In regard to sex susceptibility, the percent of infection with pseudotuberculosis was higher in female camels (3.5%) than males (1.79%). Concerning age susceptibility, the highest percent of infection with pseudotuberculosis was 3.04% at camels between 9-10 years of age. Prevalence of pseudotuberculosis reached it’s peak at El Wady El Gadid Governorate (7.11%).
Thirty seven out of 2377 examined camels showed lesions of contagious skin necrosis in different parts of the animal body, these lesions appeared as areas of necrosed skin separated from the surrounding healthy skin, cold and very hard in consistency, when removed circular ulcer filled with white bloody pus remained. Microbiologically, the predominant isolated bacteria from these lesions was Staphylococcus aureus (60.61%).
In respect to seasonal influence, the percent of infection with contagious skin necrosis was high in hot months of the year (2.22%). Concerning sex susceptibility, there was no significant variation in the percent of infection with contagious skin necrosis in both sexes. In regard to age susceptibility, the highest percent of infection with contagious skin necrosis was 2.61% at camels between 9-10 years of age. Prevalence of contagious skin necrosis reached it’s peak at El Wady El Gadid Governorate (5.16%).
Skin abscesses were detected in twenty seven cases out of 2377 examined camels, either in the neck region, face and hind limb of the animal. These abscesses were rounded in shape, 5-7 cm in diameter , cold, painless and firm in consistency. Ruptured and incised abscesses contained thick, sticky yellow whitish pus tinged with blood. Bacteriological analysis of pus samples revealed that the predominant isolated Gram positive bacteria was Staphylococcus aureus, and Gram negative bacteria was Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
In regard to seasonal influence, the percent of infection with skin abscesses reached it’s peak at hot months of the year (1.6%). Concerning sex susceptibility, there was no significant variation in the percent of infection with skin abscesses in both sexes. In respect to age susceptibility, the highest percent of infection with skin abscesses was 2.17% at camels between 9-10 years of age. The highest prevalence of skin abscesses was 2.58% in El Wady El Gadid Governorate.
One hundred and forty out of 2377 camels were suffer from tick infestation and the most commonly affected sites were under the tail, around the anus, nostrils, udder and inguinal region. Tick infestation was more prevalent at the hot months of the year (8.36%), and the highest percent of infection with it was 8.26% at camels between 9-10 years of age, moreover, the highest prevalence of tick infestation was in Assiut Governorate (16.31%).
7.67% of camels with skin diseases were positive to trypanosoma infection by using blood film examination, meanwhile 31.95% were positive by using formol gel test, 30.35% were positive by using mercuric chloride test and 16.93% were positive by using thymol turbidity test. The percent of mixed infection of mange, pseudotuberculosis, contagious skin necrosis and skin abscesses with trypanosomosis were 40.9%, 50%, 64.86% and 55.6% respectively.
Summary
from July 2003 till July 2004, a total number of 2377 camels in different ages and sexes, and in different localities in Upper Egypt (El-Minea, Assiut, Sohage, El-Wady El Gadid, Aswan Governorates and Shalatin city) and in different seasons of the year. Of these camels, 313 cases were found with skin affections.
The different skin affections were classified according to the clinical observations and laboratory findings into: mange (4.84%), pseudotuberculosis (2.1%), contagious skin necrosis (1.56%), skin abscesses (1.14%) and tick infestation (5.9%).
One hundred and fifteen out of 2377 camels were demonstrating signs of mange in different parts of the animal body either in the acute or chronic stages of the disease in the form of severe itching, loss of hair, thickening and folding of the skin and in many cases skin became dark grey coloured. Examination of skin scrapings revealed that only three samples yielded mite parasite, one of these mites was sarcoptic mite and the other two mites could be identified as psoroptic mite.
In respect to seasonal influence, the percent of infection with mange was higher in hot months of the year (6.67%) than non hot months (3.19%). Meanwhile there was no significant difference in the percent of infection with mange in both sexes (non sex-linked disease). In regard to age susceptibility, the highest percent of infection with mange was 7.4% at camels between 7-8 years of age. Concerning spatial distribution, the highest prevalence of mange was found in El-Minea Governorate (17%).
Fifty out of 2377 examined camels showed signs of pseudotuberculosis, enlargement and suppuration of lymph nodes (ventral superficial cervical lymph, mandibular, axillary, accessory axillary and cubital lymph nodes). Some of the affected lymph nodes were hot, tender and slightly hard in consistency, meanwhile others were cold, tenderless and very hard in consistency. By incision, some abscesses discharged whitish or yellowish white caseo-purulent inspissated putty like material tinged with blood, other abscesses revealed no pus material. Bacteriological examination of pus samples revealed that Corynebacterium spp. was the predominant isolated bacteria either alone or mixed with other bacteria (53.7%).
Concerning seasonal influence, the percent of infection with pseudotuberculosis was nearly similar in hot (2.05%) and non hot months (2.15%) of the year, so season has no effect on occurrence of pseudotuberculosis. In regard to sex susceptibility, the percent of infection with pseudotuberculosis was higher in female camels (3.5%) than males (1.79%). Concerning age susceptibility, the highest percent of infection with pseudotuberculosis was 3.04% at camels between 9-10 years of age. Prevalence of pseudotuberculosis reached it’s peak at El Wady El Gadid Governorate (7.11%).
Thirty seven out of 2377 examined camels showed lesions of contagious skin necrosis in different parts of the animal body, these lesions appeared as areas of necrosed skin separated from the surrounding healthy skin, cold and very hard in consistency, when removed circular ulcer filled with white bloody pus remained. Microbiologically, the predominant isolated bacteria from these lesions was Staphylococcus aureus (60.61%).
In respect to seasonal influence, the percent of infection with contagious skin necrosis was high in hot months of the year (2.22%). Concerning sex susceptibility, there was no significant variation in the percent of infection with contagious skin necrosis in both sexes. In regard to age susceptibility, the highest percent of infection with contagious skin necrosis was 2.61% at camels between 9-10 years of age. Prevalence of contagious skin necrosis reached it’s peak at El Wady El Gadid Governorate (5.16%).
Skin abscesses were detected in twenty seven cases out of 2377 examined camels, either in the neck region, face and hind limb of the animal. These abscesses were rounded in shape, 5-7 cm in diameter , cold, painless and firm in consistency. Ruptured and incised abscesses contained thick, sticky yellow whitish pus tinged with blood. Bacteriological analysis of pus samples revealed that the predominant isolated Gram positive bacteria was Staphylococcus aureus, and Gram negative bacteria was Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
In regard to seasonal influence, the percent of infection with skin abscesses reached it’s peak at hot months of the year (1.6%). Concerning sex susceptibility, there was no significant variation in the percent of infection with skin abscesses in both sexes. In respect to age susceptibility, the highest percent of infection with skin abscesses was 2.17% at camels between 9-10 years of age. The highest prevalence of skin abscesses was 2.58% in El Wady El Gadid Governorate.
One hundred and forty out of 2377 camels were suffer from tick infestation and the most commonly affected sites were under the tail, around the anus, nostrils, udder and inguinal region. Tick infestation was more prevalent at the hot months of the year (8.36%), and the highest percent of infection with it was 8.26% at camels between 9-10 years of age, moreover, the highest prevalence of tick infestation was in Assiut Governorate (16.31%).
7.67% of camels with skin diseases were positive to trypanosoma infection by using blood film examination, meanwhile 31.95% were positive by using formol gel test, 30.35% were positive by using mercuric chloride test and 16.93% were positive by using thymol turbidity test. The percent of mixed infection of mange, pseudotuberculosis, contagious skin necrosis and skin abscesses with trypanosomosis were 40.9%, 50%, 64.86% and 55.6% respectively.
Summary
from July 2003 till July 2004, a total number of 2377 camels in different ages and sexes, and in different localities in Upper Egypt (El-Minea, Assiut, Sohage, El-Wady El Gadid, Aswan Governorates and Shalatin city) and in different seasons of the year. Of these camels, 313 cases were found with skin affections.
The different skin affections were classified according to the clinical observations and laboratory findings into: mange (4.84%), pseudotuberculosis (2.1%), contagious skin necrosis (1.56%), skin abscesses (1.14%) and tick infestation (5.9%).
One hundred and fifteen out of 2377 camels were demonstrating signs of mange in different parts of the animal body either in the acute or chronic stages of the disease in the form of severe itching, loss of hair, thickening and folding of the skin and in many cases skin became dark grey coloured. Examination of skin scrapings revealed that only three samples yielded mite parasite, one of these mites was sarcoptic mite and the other two mites could be identified as psoroptic mite.
In respect to seasonal influence, the percent of infection with mange was higher in hot months of the year (6.67%) than non hot months (3.19%). Meanwhile there was no significant difference in the percent of infection with mange in both sexes (non sex-linked disease). In regard to age susceptibility, the highest percent of infection with mange was 7.4% at camels between 7-8 years of age. Concerning spatial distribution, the highest prevalence of mange was found in El-Minea Governorate (17%).
Fifty out of 2377 examined camels showed signs of pseudotuberculosis, enlargement and suppuration of lymph nodes (ventral superficial cervical lymph, mandibular, axillary, accessory axillary and cubital lymph nodes). Some of the affected lymph nodes were hot, tender and slightly hard in consistency, meanwhile others were cold, tenderless and very hard in consistency. By incision, some abscesses discharged whitish or yellowish white caseo-purulent inspissated putty like material tinged with blood, other abscesses revealed no pus material. Bacteriological examination of pus samples revealed that Corynebacterium spp. was the predominant isolated bacteria either alone or mixed with other bacteria (53.7%).
Concerning seasonal influence, the percent of infection with pseudotuberculosis was nearly similar in hot (2.05%) and non hot months (2.15%) of the year, so season has no effect on occurrence of pseudotuberculosis. In regard to sex susceptibility, the percent of infection with pseudotuberculosis was higher in female camels (3.5%) than males (1.79%). Concerning age susceptibility, the highest percent of infection with pseudotuberculosis was 3.04% at camels between 9-10 years of age. Prevalence of pseudotuberculosis reached it’s peak at El Wady El Gadid Governorate (7.11%).
Thirty seven out of 2377 examined camels showed lesions of contagious skin necrosis in different parts of the animal body, these lesions appeared as areas of necrosed skin separated from the surrounding healthy skin, cold and very hard in consistency, when removed circular ulcer filled with white bloody pus remained. Microbiologically, the predominant isolated bacteria from these lesions was Staphylococcus aureus (60.61%).
In respect to seasonal influence, the percent of infection with contagious skin necrosis was high in hot months of the year (2.22%). Concerning sex susceptibility, there was no significant variation in the percent of infection with contagious skin necrosis in both sexes. In regard to age susceptibility, the highest percent of infection with contagious skin necrosis was 2.61% at camels between 9-10 years of age. Prevalence of contagious skin necrosis reached it’s peak at El Wady El Gadid Governorate (5.16%).
Skin abscesses were detected in twenty seven cases out of 2377 examined camels, either in the neck region, face and hind limb of the animal. These abscesses were rounded in shape, 5-7 cm in diameter , cold, painless and firm in consistency. Ruptured and incised abscesses contained thick, sticky yellow whitish pus tinged with blood. Bacteriological analysis of pus samples revealed that the predominant isolated Gram positive bacteria was Staphylococcus aureus, and Gram negative bacteria was Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
In regard to seasonal influence, the percent of infection with skin abscesses reached it’s peak at hot months of the year (1.6%). Concerning sex susceptibility, there was no significant variation in the percent of infection with skin abscesses in both sexes. In respect to age susceptibility, the highest percent of infection with skin abscesses was 2.17% at camels between 9-10 years of age. The highest prevalence of skin abscesses was 2.58% in El Wady El Gadid Governorate.
One hundred and forty out of 2377 camels were suffer from tick infestation and the most commonly affected sites were under the tail, around the anus, nostrils, udder and inguinal region. Tick infestation was more prevalent at the hot months of the year (8.36%), and the highest percent of infection with it was 8.26% at camels between 9-10 years of age, moreover, the highest prevalence of tick infestation was in Assiut Governorate (16.31%).
7.67% of camels with skin diseases were positive to trypanosoma infection by using blood film examination, meanwhile 31.95% were positive by using formol gel test, 30.35% were positive by using mercuric chloride test and 16.93% were positive by using thymol turbidity test. The percent of mixed infection of mange, pseudotuberculosis, contagious skin necrosis and skin abscesses with trypanosomosis were 40.9%, 50%, 64.86% and 55.6% respectively.
Summary
from July 2003 till July 2004, a total number of 2377 camels in different ages and sexes, and in different localities in Upper Egypt (El-Minea, Assiut, Sohage, El-Wady El Gadid, Aswan Governorates and Shalatin city) and in different seasons of the year. Of these camels, 313 cases were found with skin affections.
The different skin affections were classified according to the clinical observations and laboratory findings into: mange (4.84%), pseudotuberculosis (2.1%), contagious skin necrosis (1.56%), skin abscesses (1.14%) and tick infestation (5.9%).
One hundred and fifteen out of 2377 camels were demonstrating signs of mange in different parts of the animal body either in the acute or chronic stages of the disease in the form of severe itching, loss of hair, thickening and folding of the skin and in many cases skin became dark grey coloured. Examination of skin scrapings revealed that only three samples yielded mite parasite, one of these mites was sarcoptic mite and the other two mites could be identified as psoroptic mite.
In respect to seasonal influence, the percent of infection with mange was higher in hot months of the year (6.67%) than non hot months (3.19%). Meanwhile there was no significant difference in the percent of infection with mange in both sexes (non sex-linked disease). In regard to age susceptibility, the highest percent of infection with mange was 7.4% at camels between 7-8 years of age. Concerning spatial distribution, the highest prevalence of mange was found in El-Minea Governorate (17%).
Fifty out of 2377 examined camels showed signs of pseudotuberculosis, enlargement and suppuration of lymph nodes (ventral superficial cervical lymph, mandibular, axillary, accessory axillary and cubital lymph nodes). Some of the affected lymph nodes were hot, tender and slightly hard in consistency, meanwhile others were cold, tenderless and very hard in consistency. By incision, some abscesses discharged whitish or yellowish white caseo-purulent inspissated putty like material tinged with blood, other abscesses revealed no pus material. Bacteriological examination of pus samples revealed that Corynebacterium spp. was the predominant isolated bacteria either alone or mixed with other bacteria (53.7%).
Concerning seasonal influence, the percent of infection with pseudotuberculosis was nearly similar in hot (2.05%) and non hot months (2.15%) of the year, so season has no effect on occurrence of pseudotuberculosis. In regard to sex susceptibility, the percent of infection with pseudotuberculosis was higher in female camels (3.5%) than males (1.79%). Concerning age susceptibility, the highest percent of infection with pseudotuberculosis was 3.04% at camels between 9-10 years of age. Prevalence of pseudotuberculosis reached it’s peak at El Wady El Gadid Governorate (7.11%).
Thirty seven out of 2377 examined camels showed lesions of contagious skin necrosis in different parts of the animal body, these lesions appeared as areas of necrosed skin separated from the surrounding healthy skin, cold and very hard in consistency, when removed circular ulcer filled with white bloody pus remained. Microbiologically, the predominant isolated bacteria from these lesions was Staphylococcus aureus (60.61%).
In respect to seasonal influence, the percent of infection with contagious skin necrosis was high in hot months of the year (2.22%). Concerning sex susceptibility, there was no significant variation in the percent of infection with contagious skin necrosis in both sexes. In regard to age susceptibility, the highest percent of infection with contagious skin necrosis was 2.61% at camels between 9-10 years of age. Prevalence of contagious skin necrosis reached it’s peak at El Wady El Gadid Governorate (5.16%).
Skin abscesses were detected in twenty seven cases out of 2377 examined camels, either in the neck region, face and hind limb of the animal. These abscesses were rounded in shape, 5-7 cm in diameter , cold, painless and firm in consistency. Ruptured and incised abscesses contained thick, sticky yellow whitish pus tinged with blood. Bacteriological analysis of pus samples revealed that the predominant isolated Gram positive bacteria was Staphylococcus aureus, and Gram negative bacteria was Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
In regard to seasonal influence, the percent of infection with skin abscesses reached it’s peak at hot months of the year (1.6%). Concerning sex susceptibility, there was no significant variation in the percent of infection with skin abscesses in both sexes. In respect to age susceptibility, the highest percent of infection with skin abscesses was 2.17% at camels between 9-10 years of age. The highest prevalence of skin abscesses was 2.58% in El Wady El Gadid Governorate.
One hundred and forty out of 2377 camels were suffer from tick infestation and the most commonly affected sites were under the tail, around the anus, nostrils, udder and inguinal region. Tick infestation was more prevalent at the hot months of the year (8.36%), and the highest percent of infection with it was 8.26% at camels between 9-10 years of age, moreover, the highest prevalence of tick infestation was in Assiut Governorate (16.31%).
7.67% of camels with skin diseases were positive to trypanosoma infection by using blood film examination, meanwhile 31.95% were positive by using formol gel test, 30.35% were positive by using mercuric chloride test and 16.93% were positive by using thymol turbidity test. The percent of mixed infection of mange, pseudotuberculosis, contagious skin necrosis and skin abscesses with trypanosomosis were 40.9%, 50%, 64.86% and 55.6% respectively.
Summary
from July 2003 till July 2004, a total number of 2377 camels in different ages and sexes, and in different localities in Upper Egypt (El-Minea, Assiut, Sohage, El-Wady El Gadid, Aswan Governorates and Shalatin city) and in different seasons of the year. Of these camels, 313 cases were found with skin affections.
The different skin affections were classified according to the clinical observations and laboratory findings into: mange (4.84%), pseudotuberculosis (2.1%), contagious skin necrosis (1.56%), skin abscesses (1.14%) and tick infestation (5.9%).
One hundred and fifteen out of 2377 camels were demonstrating signs of mange in different parts of the animal body either in the acute or chronic stages of the disease in the form of severe itching, loss of hair, thickening and folding of the skin and in many cases skin became dark grey coloured. Examination of skin scrapings revealed that only three samples yielded mite parasite, one of these mites was sarcoptic mite and the other two mites could be identified as psoroptic mite.
In respect to seasonal influence, the percent of infection with mange was higher in hot months of the year (6.67%) than non hot months (3.19%). Meanwhile there was no significant difference in the percent of infection with mange in both sexes (non sex-linked disease). In regard to age susceptibility, the highest percent of infection with mange was 7.4% at camels between 7-8 years of age. Concerning spatial distribution, the highest prevalence of mange was found in El-Minea Governorate (17%).
Fifty out of 2377 examined camels showed signs of pseudotuberculosis, enlargement and suppuration of lymph nodes (ventral superficial cervical lymph, mandibular, axillary, accessory axillary and cubital lymph nodes). Some of the affected lymph nodes were hot, tender and slightly hard in consistency, meanwhile others were cold, tenderless and very hard in consistency. By incision, some abscesses discharged whitish or yellowish white caseo-purulent inspissated putty like material tinged with blood, other abscesses revealed no pus material. Bacteriological examination of pus samples revealed that Corynebacterium spp. was the predominant isolated bacteria either alone or mixed with other bacteria (53.7%).
Concerning seasonal influence, the percent of infection with pseudotuberculosis was nearly similar in hot (2.05%) and non hot months (2.15%) of the year, so season has no effect on occurrence of pseudotuberculosis. In regard to sex susceptibility, the percent of infection with pseudotuberculosis was higher in female camels (3.5%) than males (1.79%). Concerning age susceptibility, the highest percent of infection with pseudotuberculosis was 3.04% at camels between 9-10 years of age. Prevalence of pseudotuberculosis reached it’s peak at El Wady El Gadid Governorate (7.11%).
Thirty seven out of 2377 examined camels showed lesions of contagious skin necrosis in different parts of the animal body, these lesions appeared as areas of necrosed skin separated from the surrounding healthy skin, cold and very hard in consistency, when removed circular ulcer filled with white bloody pus remained. Microbiologically, the predominant isolated bacteria from these lesions was Staphylococcus aureus (60.61%).
In respect to seasonal influence, the percent of infection with contagious skin necrosis was high in hot months of the year (2.22%). Concerning sex susceptibility, there was no significant variation in the percent of infection with contagious skin necrosis in both sexes. In regard to age susceptibility, the highest percent of infection with contagious skin necrosis was 2.61% at camels between 9-10 years of age. Prevalence of contagious skin necrosis reached it’s peak at El Wady El Gadid Governorate (5.16%).
Skin abscesses were detected in twenty seven cases out of 2377 examined camels, either in the neck region, face and hind limb of the animal. These abscesses were rounded in shape, 5-7 cm in diameter , cold, painless and firm in consistency. Ruptured and incised abscesses contained thick, sticky yellow whitish pus tinged with blood. Bacteriological analysis of pus samples revealed that the predominant isolated Gram positive bacteria was Staphylococcus aureus, and Gram negative bacteria was Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
In regard to seasonal influence, the percent of infection with skin abscesses reached it’s peak at hot months of the year (1.6%). Concerning sex susceptibility, there was no significant variation in the percent of infection with skin abscesses in both sexes. In respect to age susceptibility, the highest percent of infection with skin abscesses was 2.17% at camels between 9-10 years of age. The highest prevalence of skin abscesses was 2.58% in El Wady El Gadid Governorate.
One hundred and forty out of 2377 camels were suffer from tick infestation and the most commonly affected sites were under the tail, around the anus, nostrils, udder and inguinal region. Tick infestation was more prevalent at the hot months of the year (8.36%), and the highest percent of infection with it was 8.26% at camels between 9-10 years of age, moreover, the highest prevalence of tick infestation was in Assiut Governorate (16.31%).
7.67% of camels with skin diseases were positive to trypanosoma infection by using blood film examination, meanwhile 31.95% were positive by using formol gel test, 30.35% were positive by using mercuric chloride test and 16.93% were positive by using thymol turbidity test. The percent of mixed infection of mange, pseudotuberculosis, contagious skin necrosis and skin abscesses with trypanosomosis were 40.9%, 50%, 64.86% and 55.6% respectively.
Summary
from July 2003 till July 2004, a total number of 2377 camels in different ages and sexes, and in different localities in Upper Egypt (El-Minea, Assiut, Sohage, El-Wady El Gadid, Aswan Governorates and Shalatin city) and in different seasons of the year. Of these camels, 313 cases were found with skin affections.
The different skin affections were classified according to the clinical observations and laboratory findings into: mange (4.84%), pseudotuberculosis (2.1%), contagious skin necrosis (1.56%), skin abscesses (1.14%) and tick infestation (5.9%).
One hundred and fifteen out of 2377 camels were demonstrating signs of mange in different parts of the animal body either in the acute or chronic stages of the disease in the form of severe itching, loss of hair, thickening and folding of the skin and in many cases skin became dark grey coloured. Examination of skin scrapings revealed that only three samples yielded mite parasite, one of these mites was sarcoptic mite and the other two mites could be identified as psoroptic mite.
In respect to seasonal influence, the percent of infection with mange was higher in hot months of the year (6.67%) than non hot months (3.19%). Meanwhile there was no significant difference in the percent of infection with mange in both sexes (non sex-linked disease). In regard to age susceptibility, the highest percent of infection with mange was 7.4% at camels between 7-8 years of age. Concerning spatial distribution, the highest prevalence of mange was found in El-Minea Governorate (17%).
Fifty out of 2377 examined camels showed signs of pseudotuberculosis, enlargement and suppuration of lymph nodes (ventral superficial cervical lymph, mandibular, axillary, accessory axillary and cubital lymph nodes). Some of the affected lymph nodes were hot, tender and slightly hard in consistency, meanwhile others were cold, tenderless and very hard in consistency. By incision, some abscesses discharged whitish or yellowish white caseo-purulent inspissated putty like material tinged with blood, other abscesses revealed no pus material. Bacteriological examination of pus samples revealed that Corynebacterium spp. was the predominant isolated bacteria either alone or mixed with other bacteria (53.7%).
Concerning seasonal influence, the percent of infection with pseudotuberculosis was nearly similar in hot (2.05%) and non hot months (2.15%) of the year, so season has no effect on occurrence of pseudotuberculosis. In regard to sex susceptibility, the percent of infection with pseudotuberculosis was higher in female camels (3.5%) than males (1.79%). Concerning age susceptibility, the highest percent of infection with pseudotuberculosis was 3.04% at camels between 9-10 years of age. Prevalence of pseudotuberculosis reached it’s peak at El Wady El Gadid Governorate (7.11%).
Thirty seven out of 2377 examined camels showed lesions of contagious skin necrosis in different parts of the animal body, these lesions appeared as areas of necrosed skin separated from the surrounding healthy skin, cold and very hard in consistency, when removed circular ulcer filled with white bloody pus remained. Microbiologically, the predominant isolated bacteria from these lesions was Staphylococcus aureus (60.61%).
In respect to seasonal influence, the percent of infection with contagious skin necrosis was high in hot months of the year (2.22%). Concerning sex susceptibility, there was no significant variation in the percent of infection with contagious skin necrosis in both sexes. In regard to age susceptibility, the highest percent of infection with contagious skin necrosis was 2.61% at camels between 9-10 years of age. Prevalence of contagious skin necrosis reached it’s peak at El Wady El Gadid Governorate (5.16%).
Skin abscesses were detected in twenty seven cases out of 2377 examined camels, either in the neck region, face and hind limb of the animal. These abscesses were rounded in shape, 5-7 cm in diameter , cold, painless and firm in consistency. Ruptured and incised abscesses contained thick, sticky yellow whitish pus tinged with blood. Bacteriological analysis of pus samples revealed that the predominant isolated Gram positive bacteria was Staphylococcus aureus, and Gram negative bacteria was Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
In regard to seasonal influence, the percent of infection with skin abscesses reached it’s peak at hot months of the year (1.6%). Concerning sex susceptibility, there was no significant variation in the percent of infection with skin abscesses in both sexes. In respect to age susceptibility, the highest percent of infection with skin abscesses was 2.17% at camels between 9-10 years of age. The highest prevalence of skin abscesses was 2.58% in El Wady El Gadid Governorate.
One hundred and forty out of 2377 camels were suffer from tick infestation and the most commonly affected sites were under the tail, around the anus, nostrils, udder and inguinal region. Tick infestation was more prevalent at the hot months of the year (8.36%), and the highest percent of infection with it was 8.26% at camels between 9-10 years of age, moreover, the highest prevalence of tick infestation was in Assiut Governorate (16.31%).
7.67% of camels with skin diseases were positive to trypanosoma infection by using blood film examination, meanwhile 31.95% were positive by using formol gel test, 30.35% were positive by using mercuric chloride test and 16.93% were positive by using thymol turbidity test. The percent of mixed infection of mange, pseudotuberculosis, contagious skin necrosis and skin abscesses with trypanosomosis were 40.9%, 50%, 64.86% and 55.6% respectively.
Summary
from July 2003 till July 2004, a total number of 2377 camels in different ages and sexes, and in different localities in Upper Egypt (El-Minea, Assiut, Sohage, El-Wady El Gadid, Aswan Governorates and Shalatin city) and in different seasons of the year. Of these camels, 313 cases were found with skin affections.
The different skin affections were classified according to the clinical observations and laboratory findings into: mange (4.84%), pseudotuberculosis (2.1%), contagious skin necrosis (1.56%), skin abscesses (1.14%) and tick infestation (5.9%).
One hundred and fifteen out of 2377 camels were demonstrating signs of mange in different parts of the animal body either in the acute or chronic stages of the disease in the form of severe itching, loss of hair, thickening and folding of the skin and in many cases skin became dark grey coloured. Examination of skin scrapings revealed that only three samples yielded mite parasite, one of these mites was sarcoptic mite and the other two mites could be identified as psoroptic mite.
In respect to seasonal influence, the percent of infection with mange was higher in hot months of the year (6.67%) than non hot months (3.19%). Meanwhile there was no significant difference in the percent of infection with mange in both sexes (non sex-linked disease). In regard to age susceptibility, the highest percent of infection with mange was 7.4% at camels between 7-8 years of age. Concerning spatial distribution, the highest prevalence of mange was found in El-Minea Governorate (17%).
Fifty out of 2377 examined camels showed signs of pseudotuberculosis, enlargement and suppuration of lymph nodes (ventral superficial cervical lymph, mandibular, axillary, accessory axillary and cubital lymph nodes). Some of the affected lymph nodes were hot, tender and slightly hard in consistency, meanwhile others were cold, tenderless and very hard in consistency. By incision, some abscesses discharged whitish or yellowish white caseo-purulent inspissated putty like material tinged with blood, other abscesses revealed no pus material. Bacteriological examination of pus samples revealed that Corynebacterium spp. was the predominant isolated bacteria either alone or mixed with other bacteria (53.7%).
Concerning seasonal influence, the percent of infection with pseudotuberculosis was nearly similar in hot (2.05%) and non hot months (2.15%) of the year, so season has no effect on occurrence of pseudotuberculosis. In regard to sex susceptibility, the percent of infection with pseudotuberculosis was higher in female camels (3.5%) than males (1.79%). Concerning age susceptibility, the highest percent of infection with pseudotuberculosis was 3.04% at camels between 9-10 years of age. Prevalence of pseudotuberculosis reached it’s peak at El Wady El Gadid Governorate (7.11%).
Thirty seven out of 2377 examined camels showed lesions of contagious skin necrosis in different parts of the animal body, these lesions appeared as areas of necrosed skin separated from the surrounding healthy skin, cold and very hard in consistency, when removed circular ulcer filled with white bloody pus remained. Microbiologically, the predominant isolated bacteria from these lesions was Staphylococcus aureus (60.61%).
In respect to seasonal influence, the percent of infection with contagious skin necrosis was high in hot months of the year (2.22%). Concerning sex susceptibility, there was no significant variation in the percent of infection with contagious skin necrosis in both sexes. In regard to age susceptibility, the highest percent of infection with contagious skin necrosis was 2.61% at camels between 9-10 years of age. Prevalence of contagious skin necrosis reached it’s peak at El Wady El Gadid Governorate (5.16%).
Skin abscesses were detected in twenty seven cases out of 2377 examined camels, either in the neck region, face and hind limb of the animal. These abscesses were rounded in shape, 5-7 cm in diameter , cold, painless and firm in consistency. Ruptured and incised abscesses contained thick, sticky yellow whitish pus tinged with blood. Bacteriological analysis of pus samples revealed that the predominant isolated Gram positive bacteria was Staphylococcus aureus, and Gram negative bacteria was Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
In regard to seasonal influence, the percent of infection with skin abscesses reached it’s peak at hot months of the year (1.6%). Concerning sex susceptibility, there was no significant variation in the percent of infection with skin abscesses in both sexes. In respect to age susceptibility, the highest percent of infection with skin abscesses was 2.17% at camels between 9-10 years of age. The highest prevalence of skin abscesses was 2.58% in El Wady El Gadid Governorate.
One hundred and forty out of 2377 camels were suffer from tick infestation and the most commonly affected sites were under the tail, around the anus, nostrils, udder and inguinal region. Tick infestation was more prevalent at the hot months of the year (8.36%), and the highest percent of infection with it was 8.26% at camels between 9-10 years of age, moreover, the highest prevalence of tick infestation was in Assiut Governorate (16.31%).
7.67% of camels with skin diseases were positive to trypanosoma infection by using blood film examination, meanwhile 31.95% were positive by using formol gel test, 30.35% were positive by using mercuric chloride test and 16.93% were positive by using thymol turbidity test. The percent of mixed infection of mange, pseudotuberculosis, contagious skin necrosis and skin abscesses with trypanosomosis were 40.9%, 50%, 64.86% and 55.6% respectively.
Summary
from July 2003 till July 2004, a total number of 2377 camels in different ages and sexes, and in different localities in Upper Egypt (El-Minea, Assiut, Sohage, El-Wady El Gadid, Aswan Governorates and Shalatin city) and in different seasons of the year. Of these camels, 313 cases were found with skin affections.
The different skin affections were classified according to the clinical observations and laboratory findings into: mange (4.84%), pseudotuberculosis (2.1%), contagious skin necrosis (1.56%), skin abscesses (1.14%) and tick infestation (5.9%).
One hundred and fifteen out of 2377 camels were demonstrating signs of mange in different parts of the animal body either in the acute or chronic stages of the disease in the form of severe itching, loss of hair, thickening and folding of the skin and in many cases skin became dark grey coloured. Examination of skin scrapings revealed that only three samples yielded mite parasite, one of these mites was sarcoptic mite and the other two mites could be identified as psoroptic mite.
In respect to seasonal influence, the percent of infection with mange was higher in hot months of the year (6.67%) than non hot months (3.19%). Meanwhile there was no significant difference in the percent of infection with mange in both sexes (non sex-linked disease). In regard to age susceptibility, the highest percent of infection with mange was 7.4% at camels between 7-8 years of age. Concerning spatial distribution, the highest prevalence of mange was found in El-Minea Governorate (17%).
Fifty out of 2377 examined camels showed signs of pseudotuberculosis, enlargement and suppuration of lymph nodes (ventral superficial cervical lymph, mandibular, axillary, accessory axillary and cubital lymph nodes). Some of the affected lymph nodes were hot, tender and slightly hard in consistency, meanwhile others were cold, tenderless and very hard in consistency. By incision, some abscesses discharged whitish or yellowish white caseo-purulent inspissated putty like material tinged with blood, other abscesses revealed no pus material. Bacteriological examination of pus samples revealed that Corynebacterium spp. was the predominant isolated bacteria either alone or mixed with other bacteria (53.7%).
Concerning seasonal influence, the percent of infection with pseudotuberculosis was nearly similar in hot (2.05%) and non hot months (2.15%) of the year, so season has no effect on occurrence of pseudotuberculosis. In regard to sex susceptibility, the percent of infection with pseudotuberculosis was higher in female camels (3.5%) than males (1.79%). Concerning age susceptibility, the highest percent of infection with pseudotuberculosis was 3.04% at camels between 9-10 years of age. Prevalence of pseudotuberculosis reached it’s peak at El Wady El Gadid Governorate (7.11%).
Thirty seven out of 2377 examined camels showed lesions of contagious skin necrosis in different parts of the animal body, these lesions appeared as areas of necrosed skin separated from the surrounding healthy skin, cold and very hard in consistency, when removed circular ulcer filled with white bloody pus remained. Microbiologically, the predominant isolated bacteria from these lesions was Staphylococcus aureus (60.61%).
In respect to seasonal influence, the percent of infection with contagious skin necrosis was high in hot months of the year (2.22%). Concerning sex susceptibility, there was no significant variation in the percent of infection with contagious skin necrosis in both sexes. In regard to age susceptibility, the highest percent of infection with contagious skin necrosis was 2.61% at camels between 9-10 years of age. Prevalence of contagious skin necrosis reached it’s peak at El Wady El Gadid Governorate (5.16%).
Skin abscesses were detected in twenty seven cases out of 2377 examined camels, either in the neck region, face and hind limb of the animal. These abscesses were rounded in shape, 5-7 cm in diameter , cold, painless and firm in consistency. Ruptured and incised abscesses contained thick, sticky yellow whitish pus tinged with blood. Bacteriological analysis of pus samples revealed that the predominant isolated Gram positive bacteria was Staphylococcus aureus, and Gram negative bacteria was Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
In regard to seasonal influence, the percent of infection with skin abscesses reached it’s peak at hot months of the year (1.6%). Concerning sex susceptibility, there was no significant variation in the percent of infection with skin abscesses in both sexes. In respect to age susceptibility, the highest percent of infection with skin abscesses was 2.17% at camels between 9-10 years of age. The highest prevalence of skin abscesses was 2.58% in El Wady El Gadid Governorate.
One hundred and forty out of 2377 camels were suffer from tick infestation and the most commonly affected sites were under the tail, around the anus, nostrils, udder and inguinal region. Tick infestation was more prevalent at the hot months of the year (8.36%), and the highest percent of infection with it was 8.26% at camels between 9-10 years of age, moreover, the highest prevalence of tick infestation was in Assiut Governorate (16.31%).
7.67% of camels with skin diseases were positive to trypanosoma infection by using blood film examination, meanwhile 31.95% were positive by using formol gel test, 30.35% were positive by using mercuric chloride test and 16.93% were positive by using thymol turbidity test. The percent of mixed infection of mange, pseudotuberculosis, contagious skin necrosis and skin abscesses with trypanosomosis were 40.9%, 50%, 64.86% and 55.6% respectively.
Summary
from July 2003 till July 2004, a total number of 2377 camels in different ages and sexes, and in different localities in Upper Egypt (El-Minea, Assiut, Sohage, El-Wady El Gadid, Aswan Governorates and Shalatin city) and in different seasons of the year. Of these camels, 313 cases were found with skin affections.
The different skin affections were classified according to the clinical observations and laboratory findings into: mange (4.84%), pseudotuberculosis (2.1%), contagious skin necrosis (1.56%), skin abscesses (1.14%) and tick infestation (5.9%).
One hundred and fifteen out of 2377 camels were demonstrating signs of mange in different parts of the animal body either in the acute or chronic stages of the disease in the form of severe itching, loss of hair, thickening and folding of the skin and in many cases skin became dark grey coloured. Examination of skin scrapings revealed that only three samples yielded mite parasite, one of these mites was sarcoptic mite and the other two mites could be identified as psoroptic mite.
In respect to seasonal influence, the percent of infection with mange was higher in hot months of the year (6.67%) than non hot months (3.19%). Meanwhile there was no significant difference in the percent of infection with mange in both sexes (non sex-linked disease). In regard to age susceptibility, the highest percent of infection with mange was 7.4% at camels between 7-8 years of age. Concerning spatial distribution, the highest prevalence of mange was found in El-Minea Governorate (17%).
Fifty out of 2377 examined camels showed signs of pseudotuberculosis, enlargement and suppuration of lymph nodes (ventral superficial cervical lymph, mandibular, axillary, accessory axillary and cubital lymph nodes). Some of the affected lymph nodes were hot, tender and slightly hard in consistency, meanwhile others were cold, tenderless and very hard in consistency. By incision, some abscesses discharged whitish or yellowish white caseo-purulent inspissated putty like material tinged with blood, other abscesses revealed no pus material. Bacteriological examination of pus samples revealed that Corynebacterium spp. was the predominant isolated bacteria either alone or mixed with other bacteria (53.7%).
Concerning seasonal influence, the percent of infection with pseudotuberculosis was nearly similar in hot (2.05%) and non hot months (2.15%) of the year, so season has no effect on occurrence of pseudotuberculosis. In regard to sex susceptibility, the percent of infection with pseudotuberculosis was higher in female camels (3.5%) than males (1.79%). Concerning age susceptibility, the highest percent of infection with pseudotuberculosis was 3.04% at camels between 9-10 years of age. Prevalence of pseudotuberculosis reached it’s peak at El Wady El Gadid Governorate (7.11%).
Thirty seven out of 2377 examined camels showed lesions of contagious skin necrosis in different parts of the animal body, these lesions appeared as areas of necrosed skin separated from the surrounding healthy skin, cold and very hard in consistency, when removed circular ulcer filled with white bloody pus remained. Microbiologically, the predominant isolated bacteria from these lesions was Staphylococcus aureus (60.61%).
In respect to seasonal influence, the percent of infection with contagious skin necrosis was high in hot months of the year (2.22%). Concerning sex susceptibility, there was no significant variation in the percent of infection with contagious skin necrosis in both sexes. In regard to age susceptibility, the highest percent of infection with contagious skin necrosis was 2.61% at camels between 9-10 years of age. Prevalence of contagious skin necrosis reached it’s peak at El Wady El Gadid Governorate (5.16%).
Skin abscesses were detected in twenty seven cases out of 2377 examined camels, either in the neck region, face and hind limb of the animal. These abscesses were rounded in shape, 5-7 cm in diameter , cold, painless and firm in consistency. Ruptured and incised abscesses contained thick, sticky yellow whitish pus tinged with blood. Bacteriological analysis of pus samples revealed that the predominant isolated Gram positive bacteria was Staphylococcus aureus, and Gram negative bacteria was Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
In regard to seasonal influence, the percent of infection with skin abscesses reached it’s peak at hot months of the year (1.6%). Concerning sex susceptibility, there was no significant variation in the percent of infection with skin abscesses in both sexes. In respect to age susceptibility, the highest percent of infection with skin abscesses was 2.17% at camels between 9-10 years of age. The highest prevalence of skin abscesses was 2.58% in El Wady El Gadid Governorate.
One hundred and forty out of 2377 camels were suffer from tick infestation and the most commonly affected sites were under the tail, around the anus, nostrils, udder and inguinal region. Tick infestation was more prevalent at the hot months of the year (8.36%), and the highest percent of infection with it was 8.26% at camels between 9-10 years of age, moreover, the highest prevalence of tick infestation was in Assiut Governorate (16.31%).
7.67% of camels with skin diseases were positive to trypanosoma infection by using blood film examination, meanwhile 31.95% were positive by using formol gel test, 30.35% were positive by using mercuric chloride test and 16.93% were positive by using thymol turbidity test. The percent of mixed infection of mange, pseudotuberculosis, contagious skin necrosis and skin abscesses with trypanosomosis were 40.9%, 50%, 64.86% and 55.6% respectively.
Summary
from July 2003 till July 2004, a total number of 2377 camels in different ages and sexes, and in different localities in Upper Egypt (El-Minea, Assiut, Sohage, El-Wady El Gadid, Aswan Governorates and Shalatin city) and in different seasons of the year. Of these camels, 313 cases were found with skin affections.
The different skin affections were classified according to the clinical observations and laboratory findings into: mange (4.84%), pseudotuberculosis (2.1%), contagious skin necrosis (1.56%), skin abscesses (1.14%) and tick infestation (5.9%).
One hundred and fifteen out of 2377 camels were demonstrating signs of mange in different parts of the animal body either in the acute or chronic stages of the disease in the form of severe itching, loss of hair, thickening and folding of the skin and in many cases skin became dark grey coloured. Examination of skin scrapings revealed that only three samples yielded mite parasite, one of these mites was sarcoptic mite and the other two mites could be identified as psoroptic mite.
In respect to seasonal influence, the percent of infection with mange was higher in hot months of the year (6.67%) than non hot months (3.19%). Meanwhile there was no significant difference in the percent of infection with mange in both sexes (non sex-linked disease). In regard to age susceptibility, the highest percent of infection with mange was 7.4% at camels between 7-8 years of age. Concerning spatial distribution, the highest prevalence of mange was found in El-Minea Governorate (17%).
Fifty out of 2377 examined camels showed signs of pseudotuberculosis, enlargement and suppuration of lymph nodes (ventral superficial cervical lymph, mandibular, axillary, accessory axillary and cubital lymph nodes). Some of the affected lymph nodes were hot, tender and slightly hard in consistency, meanwhile others were cold, tenderless and very hard in consistency. By incision, some abscesses discharged whitish or yellowish white caseo-purulent inspissated putty like material tinged with blood, other abscesses revealed no pus material. Bacteriological examination of pus samples revealed that Corynebacterium spp. was the predominant isolated bacteria either alone or mixed with other bacteria (53.7%).
Concerning seasonal influence, the percent of infection with pseudotuberculosis was nearly similar in hot (2.05%) and non hot months (2.15%) of the year, so season has no effect on occurrence of pseudotuberculosis. In regard to sex susceptibility, the percent of infection with pseudotuberculosis was higher in female camels (3.5%) than males (1.79%). Concerning age susceptibility, the highest percent of infection with pseudotuberculosis was 3.04% at camels between 9-10 years of age. Prevalence of pseudotuberculosis reached it’s peak at El Wady El Gadid Governorate (7.11%).
Thirty seven out of 2377 examined camels showed lesions of contagious skin necrosis in different parts of the animal body, these lesions appeared as areas of necrosed skin separated from the surrounding healthy skin, cold and very hard in consistency, when removed circular ulcer filled with white bloody pus remained. Microbiologically, the predominant isolated bacteria from these lesions was Staphylococcus aureus (60.61%).
In respect to seasonal influence, the percent of infection with contagious skin necrosis was high in hot months of the year (2.22%). Concerning sex susceptibility, there was no significant variation in the percent of infection with contagious skin necrosis in both sexes. In regard to age susceptibility, the highest percent of infection with contagious skin necrosis was 2.61% at camels between 9-10 years of age. Prevalence of contagious skin necrosis reached it’s peak at El Wady El Gadid Governorate (5.16%).
Skin abscesses were detected in twenty seven cases out of 2377 examined camels, either in the neck region, face and hind limb of the animal. These abscesses were rounded in shape, 5-7 cm in diameter , cold, painless and firm in consistency. Ruptured and incised abscesses contained thick, sticky yellow whitish pus tinged with blood. Bacteriological analysis of pus samples revealed that the predominant isolated Gram positive bacteria was Staphylococcus aureus, and Gram negative bacteria was Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
In regard to seasonal influence, the percent of infection with skin abscesses reached it’s peak at hot months of the year (1.6%). Concerning sex susceptibility, there was no significant variation in the percent of infection with skin abscesses in both sexes. In respect to age susceptibility, the highest percent of infection with skin abscesses was 2.17% at camels between 9-10 years of age. The highest prevalence of skin abscesses was 2.58% in El Wady El Gadid Governorate.
One hundred and forty out of 2377 camels were suffer from tick infestation and the most commonly affected sites were under the tail, around the anus, nostrils, udder and inguinal region. Tick infestation was more prevalent at the hot months of the year (8.36%), and the highest percent of infection with it was 8.26% at camels between 9-10 years of age, moreover, the highest prevalence of tick infestation was in Assiut Governorate (16.31%).
7.67% of camels with skin diseases were positive to trypanosoma infection by using blood film examination, meanwhile 31.95% were positive by using formol gel test, 30.35% were positive by using mercuric chloride test and 16.93% were positive by using thymol turbidity test. The percent of mixed infection of mange, pseudotuberculosis, contagious skin necrosis and skin abscesses with trypanosomosis were 40.9%, 50%, 64.86% and 55.6% respectively.
Summary
from July 2003 till July 2004, a total number of 2377 camels in different ages and sexes, and in different localities in Upper Egypt (El-Minea, Assiut, Sohage, El-Wady El Gadid, Aswan Governorates and Shalatin city) and in different seasons of the year. Of these camels, 313 cases were found with skin affections.
The different skin affections were classified according to the clinical observations and laboratory findings into: mange (4.84%), pseudotuberculosis (2.1%), contagious skin necrosis (1.56%), skin abscesses (1.14%) and tick infestation (5.9%).
One hundred and fifteen out of 2377 camels were demonstrating signs of mange in different parts of the animal body either in the acute or chronic stages of the disease in the form of severe itching, loss of hair, thickening and folding of the skin and in many cases skin became dark grey coloured. Examination of skin scrapings revealed that only three samples yielded mite parasite, one of these mites was sarcoptic mite and the other two mites could be identified as psoroptic mite.
In respect to seasonal influence, the percent of infection with mange was higher in hot months of the year (6.67%) than non hot months (3.19%). Meanwhile there was no significant difference in the percent of infection with mange in both sexes (non sex-linked disease). In regard to age susceptibility, the highest percent of infection with mange was 7.4% at camels between 7-8 years of age. Concerning spatial distribution, the highest prevalence of mange was found in El-Minea Governorate (17%).
Fifty out of 2377 examined camels showed signs of pseudotuberculosis, enlargement and suppuration of lymph nodes (ventral superficial cervical lymph, mandibular, axillary, accessory axillary and cubital lymph nodes). Some of the affected lymph nodes were hot, tender and slightly hard in consistency, meanwhile others were cold, tenderless and very hard in consistency. By incision, some abscesses discharged whitish or yellowish white caseo-purulent inspissated putty like material tinged with blood, other abscesses revealed no pus material. Bacteriological examination of pus samples revealed that Corynebacterium spp. was the predominant isolated bacteria either alone or mixed with other bacteria (53.7%).
Concerning seasonal influence, the percent of infection with pseudotuberculosis was nearly similar in hot (2.05%) and non hot months (2.15%) of the year, so season has no effect on occurrence of pseudotuberculosis. In regard to sex susceptibility, the percent of infection with pseudotuberculosis was higher in female camels (3.5%) than males (1.79%). Concerning age susceptibility, the highest percent of infection with pseudotuberculosis was 3.04% at camels between 9-10 years of age. Prevalence of pseudotuberculosis reached it’s peak at El Wady El Gadid Governorate (7.11%).
Thirty seven out of 2377 examined camels showed lesions of contagious skin necrosis in different parts of the animal body, these lesions appeared as areas of necrosed skin separated from the surrounding healthy skin, cold and very hard in consistency, when removed circular ulcer filled with white bloody pus remained. Microbiologically, the predominant isolated bacteria from these lesions was Staphylococcus aureus (60.61%).
In respect to seasonal influence, the percent of infection with contagious skin necrosis was high in hot months of the year (2.22%). Concerning sex susceptibility, there was no significant variation in the percent of infection with contagious skin necrosis in both sexes. In regard to age susceptibility, the highest percent of infection with contagious skin necrosis was 2.61% at camels between 9-10 years of age. Prevalence of contagious skin necrosis reached it’s peak at El Wady El Gadid Governorate (5.16%).
Skin abscesses were detected in twenty seven cases out of 2377 examined camels, either in the neck region, face and hind limb of the animal. These abscesses were rounded in shape, 5-7 cm in diameter , cold, painless and firm in consistency. Ruptured and incised abscesses contained thick, sticky yellow whitish pus tinged with blood. Bacteriological analysis of pus samples revealed that the predominant isolated Gram positive bacteria was Staphylococcus aureus, and Gram negative bacteria was Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
In regard to seasonal influence, the percent of infection with skin abscesses reached it’s peak at hot months of the year (1.6%). Concerning sex susceptibility, there was no significant variation in the percent of infection with skin abscesses in both sexes. In respect to age susceptibility, the highest percent of infection with skin abscesses was 2.17% at camels between 9-10 years of age. The highest prevalence of skin abscesses was 2.58% in El Wady El Gadid Governorate.
One hundred and forty out of 2377 camels were suffer from tick infestation and the most commonly affected sites were under the tail, around the anus, nostrils, udder and inguinal region. Tick infestation was more prevalent at the hot months of the year (8.36%), and the highest percent of infection with it was 8.26% at camels between 9-10 years of age, moreover, the highest prevalence of tick infestation was in Assiut Governorate (16.31%).
7.67% of camels with skin diseases were positive to trypanosoma infection by using blood film examination, meanwhile 31.95% were positive by using formol gel test, 30.35% were positive by using mercuric chloride test and 16.93% were positive by using thymol turbidity test. The percent of mixed infection of mange, pseudotuberculosis, contagious skin necrosis and skin abscesses with trypanosomosis were 40.9%, 50%, 64.86% and 55.6% respectively.
Summary
from July 2003 till July 2004, a total number of 2377 camels in different ages and sexes, and in different localities in Upper Egypt (El-Minea, Assiut, Sohage, El-Wady El Gadid, Aswan Governorates and Shalatin city) and in different seasons of the year. Of these camels, 313 cases were found with skin affections.
The different skin affections were classified according to the clinical observations and laboratory findings into: mange (4.84%), pseudotuberculosis (2.1%), contagious skin necrosis (1.56%), skin abscesses (1.14%) and tick infestation (5.9%).
One hundred and fifteen out of 2377 camels were demonstrating signs of mange in different parts of the animal body either in the acute or chronic stages of the disease in the form of severe itching, loss of hair, thickening and folding of the skin and in many cases skin became dark grey coloured. Examination of skin scrapings revealed that only three samples yielded mite parasite, one of these mites was sarcoptic mite and the other two mites could be identified as psoroptic mite.
In respect to seasonal influence, the percent of infection with mange was higher in hot months of the year (6.67%) than non hot months (3.19%). Meanwhile there was no significant difference in the percent of infection with mange in both sexes (non sex-linked disease). In regard to age susceptibility, the highest percent of infection with mange was 7.4% at camels between 7-8 years of age. Concerning spatial distribution, the highest prevalence of mange was found in El-Minea Governorate (17%).
Fifty out of 2377 examined camels showed signs of pseudotuberculosis, enlargement and suppuration of lymph nodes (ventral superficial cervical lymph, mandibular, axillary, accessory axillary and cubital lymph nodes). Some of the affected lymph nodes were hot, tender and slightly hard in consistency, meanwhile others were cold, tenderless and very hard in consistency. By incision, some abscesses discharged whitish or yellowish white caseo-purulent inspissated putty like material tinged with blood, other abscesses revealed no pus material. Bacteriological examination of pus samples revealed that Corynebacterium spp. was the predominant isolated bacteria either alone or mixed with other bacteria (53.7%).
Concerning seasonal influence, the percent of infection with pseudotuberculosis was nearly similar in hot (2.05%) and non hot months (2.15%) of the year, so season has no effect on occurrence of pseudotuberculosis. In regard to sex susceptibility, the percent of infection with pseudotuberculosis was higher in female camels (3.5%) than males (1.79%). Concerning age susceptibility, the highest percent of infection with pseudotuberculosis was 3.04% at camels between 9-10 years of age. Prevalence of pseudotuberculosis reached it’s peak at El Wady El Gadid Governorate (7.11%).
Thirty seven out of 2377 examined camels showed lesions of contagious skin necrosis in different parts of the animal body, these lesions appeared as areas of necrosed skin separated from the surrounding healthy skin, cold and very hard in consistency, when removed circular ulcer filled with white bloody pus remained. Microbiologically, the predominant isolated bacteria from these lesions was Staphylococcus aureus (60.61%).
In respect to seasonal influence, the percent of infection with contagious skin necrosis was high in hot months of the year (2.22%). Concerning sex susceptibility, there was no significant variation in the percent of infection with contagious skin necrosis in both sexes. In regard to age susceptibility, the highest percent of infection with contagious skin necrosis was 2.61% at camels between 9-10 years of age. Prevalence of contagious skin necrosis reached it’s peak at El Wady El Gadid Governorate (5.16%).
Skin abscesses were detected in twenty seven cases out of 2377 examined camels, either in the neck region, face and hind limb of the animal. These abscesses were rounded in shape, 5-7 cm in diameter , cold, painless and firm in consistency. Ruptured and incised abscesses contained thick, sticky yellow whitish pus tinged with blood. Bacteriological analysis of pus samples revealed that the predominant isolated Gram positive bacteria was Staphylococcus aureus, and Gram negative bacteria was Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
In regard to seasonal influence, the percent of infection with skin abscesses reached it’s peak at hot months of the year (1.6%). Concerning sex susceptibility, there was no significant variation in the percent of infection with skin abscesses in both sexes. In respect to age susceptibility, the highest percent of infection with skin abscesses was 2.17% at camels between 9-10 years of age. The highest prevalence of skin abscesses was 2.58% in El Wady El Gadid Governorate.
One hundred and forty out of 2377 camels were suffer from tick infestation and the most commonly affected sites were under the tail, around the anus, nostrils, udder and inguinal region. Tick infestation was more prevalent at the hot months of the year (8.36%), and the highest percent of infection with it was 8.26% at camels between 9-10 years of age, moreover, the highest prevalence of tick infestation was in Assiut Governorate (16.31%).
7.67% of camels with skin diseases were positive to trypanosoma infection by using blood film examination, meanwhile 31.95% were positive by using formol gel test, 30.35% were positive by using mercuric chloride test and 16.93% were positive by using thymol turbidity test. The percent of mixed infection of mange, pseudotuberculosis, contagious skin necrosis and skin abscesses with trypanosomosis were 40.9%, 50%, 64.86% and 55.6% respectively.
Summary
from July 2003 till July 2004, a total number of 2377 camels in different ages and sexes, and in different localities in Upper Egypt (El-Minea, Assiut, Sohage, El-Wady El Gadid, Aswan Governorates and Shalatin city) and in different seasons of the year. Of these camels, 313 cases were found with skin affections.
The different skin affections were classified according to the clinical observations and laboratory findings into: mange (4.84%), pseudotuberculosis (2.1%), contagious skin necrosis (1.56%), skin abscesses (1.14%) and tick infestation (5.9%).
One hundred and fifteen out of 2377 camels were demonstrating signs of mange in different parts of the animal body either in the acute or chronic stages of the disease in the form of severe itching, loss of hair, thickening and folding of the skin and in many cases skin became dark grey coloured. Examination of skin scrapings revealed that only three samples yielded mite parasite, one of these mites was sarcoptic mite and the other two mites could be identified as psoroptic mite.
In respect to seasonal influence, the percent of infection with mange was higher in hot months of the year (6.67%) than non hot months (3.19%). Meanwhile there was no significant difference in the percent of infection with mange in both sexes (non sex-linked disease). In regard to age susceptibility, the highest percent of infection with mange was 7.4% at camels between 7-8 years of age. Concerning spatial distribution, the highest prevalence of mange was found in El-Minea Governorate (17%).
Fifty out of 2377 examined camels showed signs of pseudotuberculosis, enlargement and suppuration of lymph nodes (ventral superficial cervical lymph, mandibular, axillary, accessory axillary and cubital lymph nodes). Some of the affected lymph nodes were hot, tender and slightly hard in consistency, meanwhile others were cold, tenderless and very hard in consistency. By incision, some abscesses discharged whitish or yellowish white caseo-purulent inspissated putty like material tinged with blood, other abscesses revealed no pus material. Bacteriological examination of pus samples revealed that Corynebacterium spp. was the predominant isolated bacteria either alone or mixed with other bacteria (53.7%).
Concerning seasonal influence, the percent of infection with pseudotuberculosis was nearly similar in hot (2.05%) and non hot months (2.15%) of the year, so season has no effect on occurrence of pseudotuberculosis. In regard to sex susceptibility, the percent of infection with pseudotuberculosis was higher in female camels (3.5%) than males (1.79%). Concerning age susceptibility, the highest percent of infection with pseudotuberculosis was 3.04% at camels between 9-10 years of age. Prevalence of pseudotuberculosis reached it’s peak at El Wady El Gadid Governorate (7.11%).
Thirty seven out of 2377 examined camels showed lesions of contagious skin necrosis in different parts of the animal body, these lesions appeared as areas of necrosed skin separated from the surrounding healthy skin, cold and very hard in consistency, when removed circular ulcer filled with white bloody pus remained. Microbiologically, the predominant isolated bacteria from these lesions was Staphylococcus aureus (60.61%).
In respect to seasonal influence, the percent of infection with contagious skin necrosis was high in hot months of the year (2.22%). Concerning sex susceptibility, there was no significant variation in the percent of infection with contagious skin necrosis in both sexes. In regard to age susceptibility, the highest percent of infection with contagious skin necrosis was 2.61% at camels between 9-10 years of age. Prevalence of contagious skin necrosis reached it’s peak at El Wady El Gadid Governorate (5.16%).
Skin abscesses were detected in twenty seven cases out of 2377 examined camels, either in the neck region, face and hind limb of the animal. These abscesses were rounded in shape, 5-7 cm in diameter , cold, painless and firm in consistency. Ruptured and incised abscesses contained thick, sticky yellow whitish pus tinged with blood. Bacteriological analysis of pus samples revealed that the predominant isolated Gram positive bacteria was Staphylococcus aureus, and Gram negative bacteria was Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
In regard to seasonal influence, the percent of infection with skin abscesses reached it’s peak at hot months of the year (1.6%). Concerning sex susceptibility, there was no significant variation in the percent of infection with skin abscesses in both sexes. In respect to age susceptibility, the highest percent of infection with skin abscesses was 2.17% at camels between 9-10 years of age. The highest prevalence of skin abscesses was 2.58% in El Wady El Gadid Governorate.
One hundred and forty out of 2377 camels were suffer from tick infestation and the most commonly affected sites were under the tail, around the anus, nostrils, udder and inguinal region. Tick infestation was more prevalent at the hot months of the year (8.36%), and the highest percent of infection with it was 8.26% at camels between 9-10 years of age, moreover, the highest prevalence of tick infestation was in Assiut Governorate (16.31%).
7.67% of camels with skin diseases were positive to trypanosoma infection by using blood film examination, meanwhile 31.95% were positive by using formol gel test, 30.35% were positive by using mercuric chloride test and 16.93% were positive by using thymol turbidity test. The percent of mixed infection of mange, pseudotuberculosis, contagious skin necrosis and skin abscesses with trypanosomosis were 40.9%, 50%, 64.86% and 55.6% respectively.
Summary
from July 2003 till July 2004, a total number of 2377 camels in different ages and sexes, and in different localities in Upper Egypt (El-Minea, Assiut, Sohage, El-Wady El Gadid, Aswan Governorates and Shalatin city) and in different seasons of the year. Of these camels, 313 cases were found with skin affections.
The different skin affections were classified according to the clinical observations and laboratory findings into: mange (4.84%), pseudotuberculosis (2.1%), contagious skin necrosis (1.56%), skin abscesses (1.14%) and tick infestation (5.9%).
One hundred and fifteen out of 2377 camels were demonstrating signs of mange in different parts of the animal body either in the acute or chronic stages of the disease in the form of severe itching, loss of hair, thickening and folding of the skin and in many cases skin became dark grey coloured. Examination of skin scrapings revealed that only three samples yielded mite parasite, one of these mites was sarcoptic mite and the other two mites could be identified as psoroptic mite.
In respect to seasonal influence, the percent of infection with mange was higher in hot months of the year (6.67%) than non hot months (3.19%). Meanwhile there was no significant difference in the percent of infection with mange in both sexes (non sex-linked disease). In regard to age susceptibility, the highest percent of infection with mange was 7.4% at camels between 7-8 years of age. Concerning spatial distribution, the highest prevalence of mange was found in El-Minea Governorate (17%).
Fifty out of 2377 examined camels showed signs of pseudotuberculosis, enlargement and suppuration of lymph nodes (ventral superficial cervical lymph, mandibular, axillary, accessory axillary and cubital lymph nodes). Some of the affected lymph nodes were hot, tender and slightly hard in consistency, meanwhile others were cold, tenderless and very hard in consistency. By incision, some abscesses discharged whitish or yellowish white caseo-purulent inspissated putty like material tinged with blood, other abscesses revealed no pus material. Bacteriological examination of pus samples revealed that Corynebacterium spp. was the predominant isolated bacteria either alone or mixed with other bacteria (53.7%).
Concerning seasonal influence, the percent of infection with pseudotuberculosis was nearly similar in hot (2.05%) and non hot months (2.15%) of the year, so season has no effect on occurrence of pseudotuberculosis. In regard to sex susceptibility, the percent of infection with pseudotuberculosis was higher in female camels (3.5%) than males (1.79%). Concerning age susceptibility, the highest percent of infection with pseudotuberculosis was 3.04% at camels between 9-10 years of age. Prevalence of pseudotuberculosis reached it’s peak at El Wady El Gadid Governorate (7.11%).
Thirty seven out of 2377 examined camels showed lesions of contagious skin necrosis in different parts of the animal body, these lesions appeared as areas of necrosed skin separated from the surrounding healthy skin, cold and very hard in consistency, when removed circular ulcer filled with white bloody pus remained. Microbiologically, the predominant isolated bacteria from these lesions was Staphylococcus aureus (60.61%).
In respect to seasonal influence, the percent of infection with contagious skin necrosis was high in hot months of the year (2.22%). Concerning sex susceptibility, there was no significant variation in the percent of infection with contagious skin necrosis in both sexes. In regard to age susceptibility, the highest percent of infection with contagious skin necrosis was 2.61% at camels between 9-10 years of age. Prevalence of contagious skin necrosis reached it’s peak at El Wady El Gadid Governorate (5.16%).
Skin abscesses were detected in twenty seven cases out of 2377 examined camels, either in the neck region, face and hind limb of the animal. These abscesses were rounded in shape, 5-7 cm in diameter , cold, painless and firm in consistency. Ruptured and incised abscesses contained thick, sticky yellow whitish pus tinged with blood. Bacteriological analysis of pus samples revealed that the predominant isolated Gram positive bacteria was Staphylococcus aureus, and Gram negative bacteria was Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
In regard to seasonal influence, the percent of infection with skin abscesses reached it’s peak at hot months of the year (1.6%). Concerning sex susceptibility, there was no significant variation in the percent of infection with skin abscesses in both sexes. In respect to age susceptibility, the highest percent of infection with skin abscesses was 2.17% at camels between 9-10 years of age. The highest prevalence of skin abscesses was 2.58% in El Wady El Gadid Governorate.
One hundred and forty out of 2377 camels were suffer from tick infestation and the most commonly affected sites were under the tail, around the anus, nostrils, udder and inguinal region. Tick infestation was more prevalent at the hot months of the year (8.36%), and the highest percent of infection with it was 8.26% at camels between 9-10 years of age, moreover, the highest prevalence of tick infestation was in Assiut Governorate (16.31%).
7.67% of camels with skin diseases were positive to trypanosoma infection by using blood film examination, meanwhile 31.95% were positive by using formol gel test, 30.35% were positive by using mercuric chloride test and 16.93% were positive by using thymol turbidity test. The percent of mixed infection of mange, pseudotuberculosis, contagious skin necrosis and skin abscesses with trypanosomosis were 40.9%, 50%, 64.86% and 55.6% respectively.
Summary
from July 2003 till July 2004, a total number of 2377 camels in different ages and sexes, and in different localities in Upper Egypt (El-Minea, Assiut, Sohage, El-Wady El Gadid, Aswan Governorates and Shalatin city) and in different seasons of the year. Of these camels, 313 cases were found with skin affections.
The different skin affections were classified according to the clinical observations and laboratory findings into: mange (4.84%), pseudotuberculosis (2.1%), contagious skin necrosis (1.56%), skin abscesses (1.14%) and tick infestation (5.9%).
One hundred and fifteen out of 2377 camels were demonstrating signs of mange in different parts of the animal body either in the acute or chronic stages of the disease in the form of severe itching, loss of hair, thickening and folding of the skin and in many cases skin became dark grey coloured. Examination of skin scrapings revealed that only three samples yielded mite parasite, one of these mites was sarcoptic mite and the other two mites could be identified as psoroptic mite.
In respect to seasonal influence, the percent of infection with mange was higher in hot months of the year (6.67%) than non hot months (3.19%). Meanwhile there was no significant difference in the percent of infection with mange in both sexes (non sex-linked disease). In regard to age susceptibility, the highest percent of infection with mange was 7.4% at camels between 7-8 years of age. Concerning spatial distribution, the highest prevalence of mange was found in El-Minea Governorate (17%).
Fifty out of 2377 examined camels showed signs of pseudotuberculosis, enlargement and suppuration of lymph nodes (ventral superficial cervical lymph, mandibular, axillary, accessory axillary and cubital lymph nodes). Some of the affected lymph nodes were hot, tender and slightly hard in consistency, meanwhile others were cold, tenderless and very hard in consistency. By incision, some abscesses discharged whitish or yellowish white caseo-purulent inspissated putty like material tinged with blood, other abscesses revealed no pus material. Bacteriological examination of pus samples revealed that Corynebacterium spp. was the predominant isolated bacteria either alone or mixed with other bacteria (53.7%).
Concerning seasonal influence, the percent of infection with pseudotuberculosis was nearly similar in hot (2.05%) and non hot months (2.15%) of the year, so season has no effect on occurrence of pseudotuberculosis. In regard to sex susceptibility, the percent of infection with pseudotuberculosis was higher in female camels (3.5%) than males (1.79%). Concerning age susceptibility, the highest percent of infection with pseudotuberculosis was 3.04% at camels between 9-10 years of age. Prevalence of pseudotuberculosis reached it’s peak at El Wady El Gadid Governorate (7.11%).
Thirty seven out of 2377 examined camels showed lesions of contagious skin necrosis in different parts of the animal body, these lesions appeared as areas of necrosed skin separated from the surrounding healthy skin, cold and very hard in consistency, when removed circular ulcer filled with white bloody pus remained. Microbiologically, the predominant isolated bacteria from these lesions was Staphylococcus aureus (60.61%).
In respect to seasonal influence, the percent of infection with contagious skin necrosis was high in hot months of the year (2.22%). Concerning sex susceptibility, there was no significant variation in the percent of infection with contagious skin necrosis in both sexes. In regard to age susceptibility, the highest percent of infection with contagious skin necrosis was 2.61% at camels between 9-10 years of age. Prevalence of contagious skin necrosis reached it’s peak at El Wady El Gadid Governorate (5.16%).
Skin abscesses were detected in twenty seven cases out of 2377 examined camels, either in the neck region, face and hind limb of the animal. These abscesses were rounded in shape, 5-7 cm in diameter , cold, painless and firm in consistency. Ruptured and incised abscesses contained thick, sticky yellow whitish pus tinged with blood. Bacteriological analysis of pus samples revealed that the predominant isolated Gram positive bacteria was Staphylococcus aureus, and Gram negative bacteria was Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
In regard to seasonal influence, the percent of infection with skin abscesses reached it’s peak at hot months of the year (1.6%). Concerning sex susceptibility, there was no significant variation in the percent of infection with skin abscesses in both sexes. In respect to age susceptibility, the highest percent of infection with skin abscesses was 2.17% at camels between 9-10 years of age. The highest prevalence of skin abscesses was 2.58% in El Wady El Gadid Governorate.
One hundred and forty out of 2377 camels were suffer from tick infestation and the most commonly affected sites were under the tail, around the anus, nostrils, udder and inguinal region. Tick infestation was more prevalent at the hot months of the year (8.36%), and the highest percent of infection with it was 8.26% at camels between 9-10 years of age, moreover, the highest prevalence of tick infestation was in Assiut Governorate (16.31%).
7.67% of camels with skin diseases were positive to trypanosoma infection by using blood film examination, meanwhile 31.95% were positive by using formol gel test, 30.35% were positive by using mercuric chloride test and 16.93% were positive by using thymol turbidity test. The percent of mixed infection of mange, pseudotuberculosis, contagious skin necrosis and skin abscesses with trypanosomosis were 40.9%, 50%, 64.86% and 55.6% respectively.
Summary
from July 2003 till July 2004, a total number of 2377 camels in different ages and sexes, and in different localities in Upper Egypt (El-Minea, Assiut, Sohage, El-Wady El Gadid, Aswan Governorates and Shalatin city) and in different seasons of the year. Of these camels, 313 cases were found with skin affections.
The different skin affections were classified according to the clinical observations and laboratory findings into: mange (4.84%), pseudotuberculosis (2.1%), contagious skin necrosis (1.56%), skin abscesses (1.14%) and tick infestation (5.9%).
One hundred and fifteen out of 2377 camels were demonstrating signs of mange in different parts of the animal body either in the acute or chronic stages of the disease in the form of severe itching, loss of hair, thickening and folding of the skin and in many cases skin became dark grey coloured. Examination of skin scrapings revealed that only three samples yielded mite parasite, one of these mites was sarcoptic mite and the other two mites could be identified as psoroptic mite.
In respect to seasonal influence, the percent of infection with mange was higher in hot months of the year (6.67%) than non hot months (3.19%). Meanwhile there was no significant difference in the percent of infection with mange in both sexes (non sex-linked disease). In regard to age susceptibility, the highest percent of infection with mange was 7.4% at camels between 7-8 years of age. Concerning spatial distribution, the highest prevalence of mange was found in El-Minea Governorate (17%).
Fifty out of 2377 examined camels showed signs of pseudotuberculosis, enlargement and suppuration of lymph nodes (ventral superficial cervical lymph, mandibular, axillary, accessory axillary and cubital lymph nodes). Some of the affected lymph nodes were hot, tender and slightly hard in consistency, meanwhile others were cold, tenderless and very hard in consistency. By incision, some abscesses discharged whitish or yellowish white caseo-purulent inspissated putty like material tinged with blood, other abscesses revealed no pus material. Bacteriological examination of pus samples revealed that Corynebacterium spp. was the predominant isolated bacteria either alone or mixed with other bacteria (53.7%).
Concerning seasonal influence, the percent of infection with pseudotuberculosis was nearly similar in hot (2.05%) and non hot months (2.15%) of the year, so season has no effect on occurrence of pseudotuberculosis. In regard to sex susceptibility, the percent of infection with pseudotuberculosis was higher in female camels (3.5%) than males (1.79%). Concerning age susceptibility, the highest percent of infection with pseudotuberculosis was 3.04% at camels between 9-10 years of age. Prevalence of pseudotuberculosis reached it’s peak at El Wady El Gadid Governorate (7.11%).
Thirty seven out of 2377 examined camels showed lesions of contagious skin necrosis in different parts of the animal body, these lesions appeared as areas of necrosed skin separated from the surrounding healthy skin, cold and very hard in consistency, when removed circular ulcer filled with white bloody pus remained. Microbiologically, the predominant isolated bacteria from these lesions was Staphylococcus aureus (60.61%).
In respect to seasonal influence, the percent of infection with contagious skin necrosis was high in hot months of the year (2.22%). Concerning sex susceptibility, there was no significant variation in the percent of infection with contagious skin necrosis in both sexes. In regard to age susceptibility, the highest percent of infection with contagious skin necrosis was 2.61% at camels between 9-10 years of age. Prevalence of contagious skin necrosis reached it’s peak at El Wady El Gadid Governorate (5.16%).
Skin abscesses were detected in twenty seven cases out of 2377 examined camels, either in the neck region, face and hind limb of the animal. These abscesses were rounded in shape, 5-7 cm in diameter , cold, painless and firm in consistency. Ruptured and incised abscesses contained thick, sticky yellow whitish pus tinged with blood. Bacteriological analysis of pus samples revealed that the predominant isolated Gram positive bacteria was Staphylococcus aureus, and Gram negative bacteria was Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
In regard to seasonal influence, the percent of infection with skin abscesses reached it’s peak at hot months of the year (1.6%). Concerning sex susceptibility, there was no significant variation in the percent of infection with skin abscesses in both sexes. In respect to age susceptibility, the highest percent of infection with skin abscesses was 2.17% at camels between 9-10 years of age. The highest prevalence of skin abscesses was 2.58% in El Wady El Gadid Governorate.
One hundred and forty out of 2377 camels were suffer from tick infestation and the most commonly affected sites were under the tail, around the anus, nostrils, udder and inguinal region. Tick infestation was more prevalent at the hot months of the year (8.36%), and the highest percent of infection with it was 8.26% at camels between 9-10 years of age, moreover, the highest prevalence of tick infestation was in Assiut Governorate (16.31%).
7.67% of camels with skin diseases were positive to trypanosoma infection by using blood film examination, meanwhile 31.95% were positive by using formol gel test, 30.35% were positive by using mercuric chloride test and 16.93% were positive by using thymol turbidity test. The percent of mixed infection of mange, pseudotuberculosis, contagious skin necrosis and skin abscesses with trypanosomosis were 40.9%, 50%, 64.86% and 55.6% respectively.
Summary
from July 2003 till July 2004, a total number of 2377 camels in different ages and sexes, and in different localities in Upper Egypt (El-Minea, Assiut, Sohage, El-Wady El Gadid, Aswan Governorates and Shalatin city) and in different seasons of the year. Of these camels, 313 cases were found with skin affections.
The different skin affections were classified according to the clinical observations and laboratory findings into: mange (4.84%), pseudotuberculosis (2.1%), contagious skin necrosis (1.56%), skin abscesses (1.14%) and tick infestation (5.9%).
One hundred and fifteen out of 2377 camels were demonstrating signs of mange in different parts of the animal body either in the acute or chronic stages of the disease in the form of severe itching, loss of hair, thickening and folding of the skin and in many cases skin became dark grey coloured. Examination of skin scrapings revealed that only three samples yielded mite parasite, one of these mites was sarcoptic mite and the other two mites could be identified as psoroptic mite.
In respect to seasonal influence, the percent of infection with mange was higher in hot months of the year (6.67%) than non hot months (3.19%). Meanwhile there was no significant difference in the percent of infection with mange in both sexes (non sex-linked disease). In regard to age susceptibility, the highest percent of infection with mange was 7.4% at camels between 7-8 years of age. Concerning spatial distribution, the highest prevalence of mange was found in El-Minea Governorate (17%).
Fifty out of 2377 examined camels showed signs of pseudotuberculosis, enlargement and suppuration of lymph nodes (ventral superficial cervical lymph, mandibular, axillary, accessory axillary and cubital lymph nodes). Some of the affected lymph nodes were hot, tender and slightly hard in consistency, meanwhile others were cold, tenderless and very hard in consistency. By incision, some abscesses discharged whitish or yellowish white caseo-purulent inspissated putty like material tinged with blood, other abscesses revealed no pus material. Bacteriological examination of pus samples revealed that Corynebacterium spp. was the predominant isolated bacteria either alone or mixed with other bacteria (53.7%).
Concerning seasonal influence, the percent of infection with pseudotuberculosis was nearly similar in hot (2.05%) and non hot months (2.15%) of the year, so season has no effect on occurrence of pseudotuberculosis. In regard to sex susceptibility, the percent of infection with pseudotuberculosis was higher in female camels (3.5%) than males (1.79%). Concerning age susceptibility, the highest percent of infection with pseudotuberculosis was 3.04% at camels between 9-10 years of age. Prevalence of pseudotuberculosis reached it’s peak at El Wady El Gadid Governorate (7.11%).
Thirty seven out of 2377 examined camels showed lesions of contagious skin necrosis in different parts of the animal body, these lesions appeared as areas of necrosed skin separated from the surrounding healthy skin, cold and very hard in consistency, when removed circular ulcer filled with white bloody pus remained. Microbiologically, the predominant isolated bacteria from these lesions was Staphylococcus aureus (60.61%).
In respect to seasonal influence, the percent of infection with contagious skin necrosis was high in hot months of the year (2.22%). Concerning sex susceptibility, there was no significant variation in the percent of infection with contagious skin necrosis in both sexes. In regard to age susceptibility, the highest percent of infection with contagious skin necrosis was 2.61% at camels between 9-10 years of age. Prevalence of contagious skin necrosis reached it’s peak at El Wady El Gadid Governorate (5.16%).
Skin abscesses were detected in twenty seven cases out of 2377 examined camels, either in the neck region, face and hind limb of the animal. These abscesses were rounded in shape, 5-7 cm in diameter , cold, painless and firm in consistency. Ruptured and incised abscesses contained thick, sticky yellow whitish pus tinged with blood. Bacteriological analysis of pus samples revealed that the predominant isolated Gram positive bacteria was Staphylococcus aureus, and Gram negative bacteria was Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
In regard to seasonal influence, the percent of infection with skin abscesses reached it’s peak at hot months of the year (1.6%). Concerning sex susceptibility, there was no significant variation in the percent of infection with skin abscesses in both sexes. In respect to age susceptibility, the highest percent of infection with skin abscesses was 2.17% at camels between 9-10 years of age. The highest prevalence of skin abscesses was 2.58% in El Wady El Gadid Governorate.
One hundred and forty out of 2377 camels were suffer from tick infestation and the most commonly affected sites were under the tail, around the anus, nostrils, udder and inguinal region. Tick infestation was more prevalent at the hot months of the year (8.36%), and the highest percent of infection with it was 8.26% at camels between 9-10 years of age, moreover, the highest prevalence of tick infestation was in Assiut Governorate (16.31%).
7.67% of camels with skin diseases were positive to trypanosoma infection by using blood film examination, meanwhile 31.95% were positive by using formol gel test, 30.35% were positive by using mercuric chloride test and 16.93% were positive by using thymol turbidity test. The percent of mixed infection of mange, pseudotuberculosis, contagious skin necrosis and skin abscesses with trypanosomosis were 40.9%, 50%, 64.86% and 55.6% respectively.
Summary
from July 2003 till July 2004, a total number of 2377 camels in different ages and sexes, and in different localities in Upper Egypt (El-Minea, Assiut, Sohage, El-Wady El Gadid, Aswan Governorates and Shalatin city) and in different seasons of the year. Of these camels, 313 cases were found with skin affections.
The different skin affections were classified according to the clinical observations and laboratory findings into: mange (4.84%), pseudotuberculosis (2.1%), contagious skin necrosis (1.56%), skin abscesses (1.14%) and tick infestation (5.9%).
One hundred and fifteen out of 2377 camels were demonstrating signs of mange in different parts of the animal body either in the acute or chronic stages of the disease in the form of severe itching, loss of hair, thickening and folding of the skin and in many cases skin became dark grey coloured. Examination of skin scrapings revealed that only three samples yielded mite parasite, one of these mites was sarcoptic mite and the other two mites could be identified as psoroptic mite.
In respect to seasonal influence, the percent of infection with mange was higher in hot months of the year (6.67%) than non hot months (3.19%). Meanwhile there was no significant difference in the percent of infection with mange in both sexes (non sex-linked disease). In regard to age susceptibility, the highest percent of infection with mange was 7.4% at camels between 7-8 years of age. Concerning spatial distribution, the highest prevalence of mange was found in El-Minea Governorate (17%).
Fifty out of 2377 examined camels showed signs of pseudotuberculosis, enlargement and suppuration of lymph nodes (ventral superficial cervical lymph, mandibular, axillary, accessory axillary and cubital lymph nodes). Some of the affected lymph nodes were hot, tender and slightly hard in consistency, meanwhile others were cold, tenderless and very hard in consistency. By incision, some abscesses discharged whitish or yellowish white caseo-purulent inspissated putty like material tinged with blood, other abscesses revealed no pus material. Bacteriological examination of pus samples revealed that Corynebacterium spp. was the predominant isolated bacteria either alone or mixed with other bacteria (53.7%).
Concerning seasonal influence, the percent of infection with pseudotuberculosis was nearly similar in hot (2.05%) and non hot months (2.15%) of the year, so season has no effect on occurrence of pseudotuberculosis. In regard to sex susceptibility, the percent of infection with pseudotuberculosis was higher in female camels (3.5%) than males (1.79%). Concerning age susceptibility, the highest percent of infection with pseudotuberculosis was 3.04% at camels between 9-10 years of age. Prevalence of pseudotuberculosis reached it’s peak at El Wady El Gadid Governorate (7.11%).
Thirty seven out of 2377 examined camels showed lesions of contagious skin necrosis in different parts of the animal body, these lesions appeared as areas of necrosed skin separated from the surrounding healthy skin, cold and very hard in consistency, when removed circular ulcer filled with white bloody pus remained. Microbiologically, the predominant isolated bacteria from these lesions was Staphylococcus aureus (60.61%).
In respect to seasonal influence, the percent of infection with contagious skin necrosis was high in hot months of the year (2.22%). Concerning sex susceptibility, there was no significant variation in the percent of infection with contagious skin necrosis in both sexes. In regard to age susceptibility, the highest percent of infection with contagious skin necrosis was 2.61% at camels between 9-10 years of age. Prevalence of contagious skin necrosis reached it’s peak at El Wady El Gadid Governorate (5.16%).
Skin abscesses were detected in twenty seven cases out of 2377 examined camels, either in the neck region, face and hind limb of the animal. These abscesses were rounded in shape, 5-7 cm in diameter , cold, painless and firm in consistency. Ruptured and incised abscesses contained thick, sticky yellow whitish pus tinged with blood. Bacteriological analysis of pus samples revealed that the predominant isolated Gram positive bacteria was Staphylococcus aureus, and Gram negative bacteria was Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
In regard to seasonal influence, the percent of infection with skin abscesses reached it’s peak at hot months of the year (1.6%). Concerning sex susceptibility, there was no significant variation in the percent of infection with skin abscesses in both sexes. In respect to age susceptibility, the highest percent of infection with skin abscesses was 2.17% at camels between 9-10 years of age. The highest prevalence of skin abscesses was 2.58% in El Wady El Gadid Governorate.
One hundred and forty out of 2377 camels were suffer from tick infestation and the most commonly affected sites were under the tail, around the anus, nostrils, udder and inguinal region. Tick infestation was more prevalent at the hot months of the year (8.36%), and the highest percent of infection with it was 8.26% at camels between 9-10 years of age, moreover, the highest prevalence of tick infestation was in Assiut Governorate (16.31%).
7.67% of camels with skin diseases were positive to trypanosoma infection by using blood film examination, meanwhile 31.95% were positive by using formol gel test, 30.35% were positive by using mercuric chloride test and 16.93% were positive by using thymol turbidity test. The percent of mixed infection of mange, pseudotuberculosis, contagious skin necrosis and skin abscesses with trypanosomosis were 40.9%, 50%, 64.86% and 55.6% respectively.
Summary
from July 2003 till July 2004, a total number of 2377 camels in different ages and sexes, and in different localities in Upper Egypt (El-Minea, Assiut, Sohage, El-Wady El Gadid, Aswan Governorates and Shalatin city) and in different seasons of the year. Of these camels, 313 cases were found with skin affections.
The different skin affections were classified according to the clinical observations and laboratory findings into: mange (4.84%), pseudotuberculosis (2.1%), contagious skin necrosis (1.56%), skin abscesses (1.14%) and tick infestation (5.9%).
One hundred and fifteen out of 2377 camels were demonstrating signs of mange in different parts of the animal body either in the acute or chronic stages of the disease in the form of severe itching, loss of hair, thickening and folding of the skin and in many cases skin became dark grey coloured. Examination of skin scrapings revealed that only three samples yielded mite parasite, one of these mites was sarcoptic mite and the other two mites could be identified as psoroptic mite.
In respect to seasonal influence, the percent of infection with mange was higher in hot months of the year (6.67%) than non hot months (3.19%). Meanwhile there was no significant difference in the percent of infection with mange in both sexes (non sex-linked disease). In regard to age susceptibility, the highest percent of infection with mange was 7.4% at camels between 7-8 years of age. Concerning spatial distribution, the highest prevalence of mange was found in El-Minea Governorate (17%).
Fifty out of 2377 examined camels showed signs of pseudotuberculosis, enlargement and suppuration of lymph nodes (ventral superficial cervical lymph, mandibular, axillary, accessory axillary and cubital lymph nodes). Some of the affected lymph nodes were hot, tender and slightly hard in consistency, meanwhile others were cold, tenderless and very hard in consistency. By incision, some abscesses discharged whitish or yellowish white caseo-purulent inspissated putty like material tinged with blood, other abscesses revealed no pus material. Bacteriological examination of pus samples revealed that Corynebacterium spp. was the predominant isolated bacteria either alone or mixed with other bacteria (53.7%).
Concerning seasonal influence, the percent of infection with pseudotuberculosis was nearly similar in hot (2.05%) and non hot months (2.15%) of the year, so season has no effect on occurrence of pseudotuberculosis. In regard to sex susceptibility, the percent of infection with pseudotuberculosis was higher in female camels (3.5%) than males (1.79%). Concerning age susceptibility, the highest percent of infection with pseudotuberculosis was 3.04% at camels between 9-10 years of age. Prevalence of pseudotuberculosis reached it’s peak at El Wady El Gadid Governorate (7.11%).
Thirty seven out of 2377 examined camels showed lesions of contagious skin necrosis in different parts of the animal body, these lesions appeared as areas of necrosed skin separated from the surrounding healthy skin, cold and very hard in consistency, when removed circular ulcer filled with white bloody pus remained. Microbiologically, the predominant isolated bacteria from these lesions was Staphylococcus aureus (60.61%).
In respect to seasonal influence, the percent of infection with contagious skin necrosis was high in hot months of the year (2.22%). Concerning sex susceptibility, there was no significant variation in the percent of infection with contagious skin necrosis in both sexes. In regard to age susceptibility, the highest percent of infection with contagious skin necrosis was 2.61% at camels between 9-10 years of age. Prevalence of contagious skin necrosis reached it’s peak at El Wady El Gadid Governorate (5.16%).
Skin abscesses were detected in twenty seven cases out of 2377 examined camels, either in the neck region, face and hind limb of the animal. These abscesses were rounded in shape, 5-7 cm in diameter , cold, painless and firm in consistency. Ruptured and incised abscesses contained thick, sticky yellow whitish pus tinged with blood. Bacteriological analysis of pus samples revealed that the predominant isolated Gram positive bacteria was Staphylococcus aureus, and Gram negative bacteria was Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
In regard to seasonal influence, the percent of infection with skin abscesses reached it’s peak at hot months of the year (1.6%). Concerning sex susceptibility, there was no significant variation in the percent of infection with skin abscesses in both sexes. In respect to age susceptibility, the highest percent of infection with skin abscesses was 2.17% at camels between 9-10 years of age. The highest prevalence of skin abscesses was 2.58% in El Wady El Gadid Governorate.
One hundred and forty out of 2377 camels were suffer from tick infestation and the most commonly affected sites were under the tail, around the anus, nostrils, udder and inguinal region. Tick infestation was more prevalent at the hot months of the year (8.36%), and the highest percent of infection with it was 8.26% at camels between 9-10 years of age, moreover, the highest prevalence of tick infestation was in Assiut Governorate (16.31%).
7.67% of camels with skin diseases were positive to trypanosoma infection by using blood film examination, meanwhile 31.95% were positive by using formol gel test, 30.35% were positive by using mercuric chloride test and 16.93% were positive by using thymol turbidity test. The percent of mixed infection of mange, pseudotuberculosis, contagious skin necrosis and skin abscesses with trypanosomosis were 40.9%, 50%, 64.86% and 55.6% respectively.
Summary
from July 2003 till July 2004, a total number of 2377 camels in different ages and sexes, and in different localities in Upper Egypt (El-Minea, Assiut, Sohage, El-Wady El Gadid, Aswan Governorates and Shalatin city) and in different seasons of the year. Of these camels, 313 cases were found with skin affections.
The different skin affections were classified according to the clinical observations and laboratory findings into: mange (4.84%), pseudotuberculosis (2.1%), contagious skin necrosis (1.56%), skin abscesses (1.14%) and tick infestation (5.9%).
One hundred and fifteen out of 2377 camels were demonstrating signs of mange in different parts of the animal body either in the acute or chronic stages of the disease in the form of severe itching, loss of hair, thickening and folding of the skin and in many cases skin became dark grey coloured. Examination of skin scrapings revealed that only three samples yielded mite parasite, one of these mites was sarcoptic mite and the other two mites could be identified as psoroptic mite.
In respect to seasonal influence, the percent of infection with mange was higher in hot months of the year (6.67%) than non hot months (3.19%). Meanwhile there was no significant difference in the percent of infection with mange in both sexes (non sex-linked disease). In regard to age susceptibility, the highest percent of infection with mange was 7.4% at camels between 7-8 years of age. Concerning spatial distribution, the highest prevalence of mange was found in El-Minea Governorate (17%).
Fifty out of 2377 examined camels showed signs of pseudotuberculosis, enlargement and suppuration of lymph nodes (ventral superficial cervical lymph, mandibular, axillary, accessory axillary and cubital lymph nodes). Some of the affected lymph nodes were hot, tender and slightly hard in consistency, meanwhile others were cold, tenderless and very hard in consistency. By incision, some abscesses discharged whitish or yellowish white caseo-purulent inspissated putty like material tinged with blood, other abscesses revealed no pus material. Bacteriological examination of pus samples revealed that Corynebacterium spp. was the predominant isolated bacteria either alone or mixed with other bacteria (53.7%).
Concerning seasonal influence, the percent of infection with pseudotuberculosis was nearly similar in hot (2.05%) and non hot months (2.15%) of the year, so season has no effect on occurrence of pseudotuberculosis. In regard to sex susceptibility, the percent of infection with pseudotuberculosis was higher in female camels (3.5%) than males (1.79%). Concerning age susceptibility, the highest percent of infection with pseudotuberculosis was 3.04% at camels between 9-10 years of age. Prevalence of pseudotuberculosis reached it’s peak at El Wady El Gadid Governorate (7.11%).
Thirty seven out of 2377 examined camels showed lesions of contagious skin necrosis in different parts of the animal body, these lesions appeared as areas of necrosed skin separated from the surrounding healthy skin, cold and very hard in consistency, when removed circular ulcer filled with white bloody pus remained. Microbiologically, the predominant isolated bacteria from these lesions was Staphylococcus aureus (60.61%).
In respect to seasonal influence, the percent of infection with contagious skin necrosis was high in hot months of the year (2.22%). Concerning sex susceptibility, there was no significant variation in the percent of infection with contagious skin necrosis in both sexes. In regard to age susceptibility, the highest percent of infection with contagious skin necrosis was 2.61% at camels between 9-10 years of age. Prevalence of contagious skin necrosis reached it’s peak at El Wady El Gadid Governorate (5.16%).
Skin abscesses were detected in twenty seven cases out of 2377 examined camels, either in the neck region, face and hind limb of the animal. These abscesses were rounded in shape, 5-7 cm in diameter , cold, painless and firm in consistency. Ruptured and incised abscesses contained thick, sticky yellow whitish pus tinged with blood. Bacteriological analysis of pus samples revealed that the predominant isolated Gram positive bacteria was Staphylococcus aureus, and Gram negative bacteria was Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
In regard to seasonal influence, the percent of infection with skin abscesses reached it’s peak at hot months of the year (1.6%). Concerning sex susceptibility, there was no significant variation in the percent of infection with skin abscesses in both sexes. In respect to age susceptibility, the highest percent of infection with skin abscesses was 2.17% at camels between 9-10 years of age. The highest prevalence of skin abscesses was 2.58% in El Wady El Gadid Governorate.
One hundred and forty out of 2377 camels were suffer from tick infestation and the most commonly affected sites were under the tail, around the anus, nostrils, udder and inguinal region. Tick infestation was more prevalent at the hot months of the year (8.36%), and the highest percent of infection with it was 8.26% at camels between 9-10 years of age, moreover, the highest prevalence of tick infestation was in Assiut Governorate (16.31%).
7.67% of camels with skin diseases were positive to trypanosoma infection by using blood film examination, meanwhile 31.95% were positive by using formol gel test, 30.35% were positive by using mercuric chloride test and 16.93% were positive by using thymol turbidity test. The percent of mixed infection of mange, pseudotuberculosis, contagious skin necrosis and skin abscesses with trypanosomosis were 40.9%, 50%, 64.86% and 55.6% respectively.
Summary
from July 2003 till July 2004, a total number of 2377 camels in different ages and sexes, and in different localities in Upper Egypt (El-Minea, Assiut, Sohage, El-Wady El Gadid, Aswan Governorates and Shalatin city) and in different seasons of the year. Of these camels, 313 cases were found with skin affections.
The different skin affections were classified according to the clinical observations and laboratory findings into: mange (4.84%), pseudotuberculosis (2.1%), contagious skin necrosis (1.56%), skin abscesses (1.14%) and tick infestation (5.9%).
One hundred and fifteen out of 2377 camels were demonstrating signs of mange in different parts of the animal body either in the acute or chronic stages of the disease in the form of severe itching, loss of hair, thickening and folding of the skin and in many cases skin became dark grey coloured. Examination of skin scrapings revealed that only three samples yielded mite parasite, one of these mites was sarcoptic mite and the other two mites could be identified as psoroptic mite.
In respect to seasonal influence, the percent of infection with mange was higher in hot months of the year (6.67%) than non hot months (3.19%). Meanwhile there was no significant difference in the percent of infection with mange in both sexes (non sex-linked disease). In regard to age susceptibility, the highest percent of infection with mange was 7.4% at camels between 7-8 years of age. Concerning spatial distribution, the highest prevalence of mange was found in El-Minea Governorate (17%).
Fifty out of 2377 examined camels showed signs of pseudotuberculosis, enlargement and suppuration of lymph nodes (ventral superficial cervical lymph, mandibular, axillary, accessory axillary and cubital lymph nodes). Some of the affected lymph nodes were hot, tender and slightly hard in consistency, meanwhile others were cold, tenderless and very hard in consistency. By incision, some abscesses discharged whitish or yellowish white caseo-purulent inspissated putty like material tinged with blood, other abscesses revealed no pus material. Bacteriological examination of pus samples revealed that Corynebacterium spp. was the predominant isolated bacteria either alone or mixed with other bacteria (53.7%).
Concerning seasonal influence, the percent of infection with pseudotuberculosis was nearly similar in hot (2.05%) and non hot months (2.15%) of the year, so season has no effect on occurrence of pseudotuberculosis. In regard to sex susceptibility, the percent of infection with pseudotuberculosis was higher in female camels (3.5%) than males (1.79%). Concerning age susceptibility, the highest percent of infection with pseudotuberculosis was 3.04% at camels between 9-10 years of age. Prevalence of pseudotuberculosis reached it’s peak at El Wady El Gadid Governorate (7.11%).
Thirty seven out of 2377 examined camels showed lesions of contagious skin necrosis in different parts of the animal body, these lesions appeared as areas of necrosed skin separated from the surrounding healthy skin, cold and very hard in consistency, when removed circular ulcer filled with white bloody pus remained. Microbiologically, the predominant isolated bacteria from these lesions was Staphylococcus aureus (60.61%).
In respect to seasonal influence, the percent of infection with contagious skin necrosis was high in hot months of the year (2.22%). Concerning sex susceptibility, there was no significant variation in the percent of infection with contagious skin necrosis in both sexes. In regard to age susceptibility, the highest percent of infection with contagious skin necrosis was 2.61% at camels between 9-10 years of age. Prevalence of contagious skin necrosis reached it’s peak at El Wady El Gadid Governorate (5.16%).
Skin abscesses were detected in twenty seven cases out of 2377 examined camels, either in the neck region, face and hind limb of the animal. These abscesses were rounded in shape, 5-7 cm in diameter , cold, painless and firm in consistency. Ruptured and incised abscesses contained thick, sticky yellow whitish pus tinged with blood. Bacteriological analysis of pus samples revealed that the predominant isolated Gram positive bacteria was Staphylococcus aureus, and Gram negative bacteria was Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
In regard to seasonal influence, the percent of infection with skin abscesses reached it’s peak at hot months of the year (1.6%). Concerning sex susceptibility, there was no significant variation in the percent of infection with skin abscesses in both sexes. In respect to age susceptibility, the highest percent of infection with skin abscesses was 2.17% at camels between 9-10 years of age. The highest prevalence of skin abscesses was 2.58% in El Wady El Gadid Governorate.
One hundred and forty out of 2377 camels were suffer from tick infestation and the most commonly affected sites were under the tail, around the anus, nostrils, udder and inguinal region. Tick infestation was more prevalent at the hot months of the year (8.36%), and the highest percent of infection with it was 8.26% at camels between 9-10 years of age, moreover, the highest prevalence of tick infestation was in Assiut Governorate (16.31%).
7.67% of camels with skin diseases were positive to trypanosoma infection by using blood film examination, meanwhile 31.95% were positive by using formol gel test, 30.35% were positive by using mercuric chloride test and 16.93% were positive by using thymol turbidity test. The percent of mixed infection of mange, pseudotuberculosis, contagious skin necrosis and skin abscesses with trypanosomosis were 40.9%, 50%, 64.86% and 55.6% respectively.
Summary
from July 2003 till July 2004, a total number of 2377 camels in different ages and sexes, and in different localities in Upper Egypt (El-Minea, Assiut, Sohage, El-Wady El Gadid, Aswan Governorates and Shalatin city) and in different seasons of the year. Of these camels, 313 cases were found with skin affections.
The different skin affections were classified according to the clinical observations and laboratory findings into: mange (4.84%), pseudotuberculosis (2.1%), contagious skin necrosis (1.56%), skin abscesses (1.14%) and tick infestation (5.9%).
One hundred and fifteen out of 2377 camels were demonstrating signs of mange in different parts of the animal body either in the acute or chronic stages of the disease in the form of severe itching, loss of hair, thickening and folding of the skin and in many cases skin became dark grey coloured. Examination of skin scrapings revealed that only three samples yielded mite parasite, one of these mites was sarcoptic mite and the other two mites could be identified as psoroptic mite.
In respect to seasonal influence, the percent of infection with mange was higher in hot months of the year (6.67%) than non hot months (3.19%). Meanwhile there was no significant difference in the percent of infection with mange in both sexes (non sex-linked disease). In regard to age susceptibility, the highest percent of infection with mange was 7.4% at camels between 7-8 years of age. Concerning spatial distribution, the highest prevalence of mange was found in El-Minea Governorate (17%).
Fifty out of 2377 examined camels showed signs of pseudotuberculosis, enlargement and suppuration of lymph nodes (ventral superficial cervical lymph, mandibular, axillary, accessory axillary and cubital lymph nodes). Some of the affected lymph nodes were hot, tender and slightly hard in consistency, meanwhile others were cold, tenderless and very hard in consistency. By incision, some abscesses discharged whitish or yellowish white caseo-purulent inspissated putty like material tinged with blood, other abscesses revealed no pus material. Bacteriological examination of pus samples revealed that Corynebacterium spp. was the predominant isolated bacteria either alone or mixed with other bacteria (53.7%).
Concerning seasonal influence, the percent of infection with pseudotuberculosis was nearly similar in hot (2.05%) and non hot months (2.15%) of the year, so season has no effect on occurrence of pseudotuberculosis. In regard to sex susceptibility, the percent of infection with pseudotuberculosis was higher in female camels (3.5%) than males (1.79%). Concerning age susceptibility, the highest percent of infection with pseudotuberculosis was 3.04% at camels between 9-10 years of age. Prevalence of pseudotuberculosis reached it’s peak at El Wady El Gadid Governorate (7.11%).
Thirty seven out of 2377 examined camels showed lesions of contagious skin necrosis in different parts of the animal body, these lesions appeared as areas of necrosed skin separated from the surrounding healthy skin, cold and very hard in consistency, when removed circular ulcer filled with white bloody pus remained. Microbiologically, the predominant isolated bacteria from these lesions was Staphylococcus aureus (60.61%).
In respect to seasonal influence, the percent of infection with contagious skin necrosis was high in hot months of the year (2.22%). Concerning sex susceptibility, there was no significant variation in the percent of infection with contagious skin necrosis in both sexes. In regard to age susceptibility, the highest percent of infection with contagious skin necrosis was 2.61% at camels between 9-10 years of age. Prevalence of contagious skin necrosis reached it’s peak at El Wady El Gadid Governorate (5.16%).
Skin abscesses were detected in twenty seven cases out of 2377 examined camels, either in the neck region, face and hind limb of the animal. These abscesses were rounded in shape, 5-7 cm in diameter , cold, painless and firm in consistency. Ruptured and incised abscesses contained thick, sticky yellow whitish pus tinged with blood. Bacteriological analysis of pus samples revealed that the predominant isolated Gram positive bacteria was Staphylococcus aureus, and Gram negative bacteria was Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
In regard to seasonal influence, the percent of infection with skin abscesses reached it’s peak at hot months of the year (1.6%). Concerning sex susceptibility, there was no significant variation in the percent of infection with skin abscesses in both sexes. In respect to age susceptibility, the highest percent of infection with skin abscesses was 2.17% at camels between 9-10 years of age. The highest prevalence of skin abscesses was 2.58% in El Wady El Gadid Governorate.
One hundred and forty out of 2377 camels were suffer from tick infestation and the most commonly affected sites were under the tail, around the anus, nostrils, udder and inguinal region. Tick infestation was more prevalent at the hot months of the year (8.36%), and the highest percent of infection with it was 8.26% at camels between 9-10 years of age, moreover, the highest prevalence of tick infestation was in Assiut Governorate (16.31%).
7.67% of camels with skin diseases were positive to trypanosoma infection by using blood film examination, meanwhile 31.95% were positive by using formol gel test, 30.35% were positive by using mercuric chloride test and 16.93% were positive by using thymol turbidity test. The percent of mixed infection of mange, pseudotuberculosis, contagious skin necrosis and skin abscesses with trypanosomosis were 40.9%, 50%, 64.86% and 55.6% respectively.
Summary
from July 2003 till July 2004, a total number of 2377 camels in different ages and sexes, and in different localities in Upper Egypt (El-Minea, Assiut, Sohage, El-Wady El Gadid, Aswan Governorates and Shalatin city) and in different seasons of the year. Of these camels, 313 cases were found with skin affections.
The different skin affections were classified according to the clinical observations and laboratory findings into: mange (4.84%), pseudotuberculosis (2.1%), contagious skin necrosis (1.56%), skin abscesses (1.14%) and tick infestation (5.9%).
One hundred and fifteen out of 2377 camels were demonstrating signs of mange in different parts of the animal body either in the acute or chronic stages of the disease in the form of severe itching, loss of hair, thickening and folding of the skin and in many cases skin became dark grey coloured. Examination of skin scrapings revealed that only three samples yielded mite parasite, one of these mites was sarcoptic mite and the other two mites could be identified as psoroptic mite.
In respect to seasonal influence, the percent of infection with mange was higher in hot months of the year (6.67%) than non hot months (3.19%). Meanwhile there was no significant difference in the percent of infection with mange in both sexes (non sex-linked disease). In regard to age susceptibility, the highest percent of infection with mange was 7.4% at camels between 7-8 years of age. Concerning spatial distribution, the highest prevalence of mange was found in El-Minea Governorate (17%).
Fifty out of 2377 examined camels showed signs of pseudotuberculosis, enlargement and suppuration of lymph nodes (ventral superficial cervical lymph, mandibular, axillary, accessory axillary and cubital lymph nodes). Some of the affected lymph nodes were hot, tender and slightly hard in consistency, meanwhile others were cold, tenderless and very hard in consistency. By incision, some abscesses discharged whitish or yellowish white caseo-purulent inspissated putty like material tinged with blood, other abscesses revealed no pus material. Bacteriological examination of pus samples revealed that Corynebacterium spp. was the predominant isolated bacteria either alone or mixed with other bacteria (53.7%).
Concerning seasonal influence, the percent of infection with pseudotuberculosis was nearly similar in hot (2.05%) and non hot months (2.15%) of the year, so season has no effect on occurrence of pseudotuberculosis. In regard to sex susceptibility, the percent of infection with pseudotuberculosis was higher in female camels (3.5%) than males (1.79%). Concerning age susceptibility, the highest percent of infection with pseudotuberculosis was 3.04% at camels between 9-10 years of age. Prevalence of pseudotuberculosis reached it’s peak at El Wady El Gadid Governorate (7.11%).
Thirty seven out of 2377 examined camels showed lesions of contagious skin necrosis in different parts of the animal body, these lesions appeared as areas of necrosed skin separated from the surrounding healthy skin, cold and very hard in consistency, when removed circular ulcer filled with white bloody pus remained. Microbiologically, the predominant isolated bacteria from these lesions was Staphylococcus aureus (60.61%).
In respect to seasonal influence, the percent of infection with contagious skin necrosis was high in hot months of the year (2.22%). Concerning sex susceptibility, there was no significant variation in the percent of infection with contagious skin necrosis in both sexes. In regard to age susceptibility, the highest percent of infection with contagious skin necrosis was 2.61% at camels between 9-10 years of age. Prevalence of contagious skin necrosis reached it’s peak at El Wady El Gadid Governorate (5.16%).
Skin abscesses were detected in twenty seven cases out of 2377 examined camels, either in the neck region, face and hind limb of the animal. These abscesses were rounded in shape, 5-7 cm in diameter , cold, painless and firm in consistency. Ruptured and incised abscesses contained thick, sticky yellow whitish pus tinged with blood. Bacteriological analysis of pus samples revealed that the predominant isolated Gram positive bacteria was Staphylococcus aureus, and Gram negative bacteria was Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
In regard to seasonal influence, the percent of infection with skin abscesses reached it’s peak at hot months of the year (1.6%). Concerning sex susceptibility, there was no significant variation in the percent of infection with skin abscesses in both sexes. In respect to age susceptibility, the highest percent of infection with skin abscesses was 2.17% at camels between 9-10 years of age. The highest prevalence of skin abscesses was 2.58% in El Wady El Gadid Governorate.
One hundred and forty out of 2377 camels were suffer from tick infestation and the most commonly affected sites were under the tail, around the anus, nostrils, udder and inguinal region. Tick infestation was more prevalent at the hot months of the year (8.36%), and the highest percent of infection with it was 8.26% at camels between 9-10 years of age, moreover, the highest prevalence of tick infestation was in Assiut Governorate (16.31%).
7.67% of camels with skin diseases were positive to trypanosoma infection by using blood film examination, meanwhile 31.95% were positive by using formol gel test, 30.35% were positive by using mercuric chloride test and 16.93% were positive by using thymol turbidity test. The percent of mixed infection of mange, pseudotuberculosis, contagious skin necrosis and skin abscesses with trypanosomosis were 40.9%, 50%, 64.86% and 55.6% respectively.
Summary
from July 2003 till July 2004, a total number of 2377 camels in different ages and sexes, and in different localities in Upper Egypt (El-Minea, Assiut, Sohage, El-Wady El Gadid, Aswan Governorates and Shalatin city) and in different seasons of the year. Of these camels, 313 cases were found with skin affections.
The different skin affections were classified according to the clinical observations and laboratory findings into: mange (4.84%), pseudotuberculosis (2.1%), contagious skin necrosis (1.56%), skin abscesses (1.14%) and tick infestation (5.9%).
One hundred and fifteen out of 2377 camels were demonstrating signs of mange in different parts of the animal body either in the acute or chronic stages of the disease in the form of severe itching, loss of hair, thickening and folding of the skin and in many cases skin became dark grey coloured. Examination of skin scrapings revealed that only three samples yielded mite parasite, one of these mites was sarcoptic mite and the other two mites could be identified as psoroptic mite.
In respect to seasonal influence, the percent of infection with mange was higher in hot months of the year (6.67%) than non hot months (3.19%). Meanwhile there was no significant difference in the percent of infection with mange in both sexes (non sex-linked disease). In regard to age susceptibility, the highest percent of infection with mange was 7.4% at camels between 7-8 years of age. Concerning spatial distribution, the highest prevalence of mange was found in El-Minea Governorate (17%).
Fifty out of 2377 examined camels showed signs of pseudotuberculosis, enlargement and suppuration of lymph nodes (ventral superficial cervical lymph, mandibular, axillary, accessory axillary and cubital lymph nodes). Some of the affected lymph nodes were hot, tender and slightly hard in consistency, meanwhile others were cold, tenderless and very hard in consistency. By incision, some abscesses discharged whitish or yellowish white caseo-purulent inspissated putty like material tinged with blood, other abscesses revealed no pus material. Bacteriological examination of pus samples revealed that Corynebacterium spp. was the predominant isolated bacteria either alone or mixed with other bacteria (53.7%).
Concerning seasonal influence, the percent of infection with pseudotuberculosis was nearly similar in hot (2.05%) and non hot months (2.15%) of the year, so season has no effect on occurrence of pseudotuberculosis. In regard to sex susceptibility, the percent of infection with pseudotuberculosis was higher in female camels (3.5%) than males (1.79%). Concerning age susceptibility, the highest percent of infection with pseudotuberculosis was 3.04% at camels between 9-10 years of age. Prevalence of pseudotuberculosis reached it’s peak at El Wady El Gadid Governorate (7.11%).
Thirty seven out of 2377 examined camels showed lesions of contagious skin necrosis in different parts of the animal body, these lesions appeared as areas of necrosed skin separated from the surrounding healthy skin, cold and very hard in consistency, when removed circular ulcer filled with white bloody pus remained. Microbiologically, the predominant isolated bacteria from these lesions was Staphylococcus aureus (60.61%).
In respect to seasonal influence, the percent of infection with contagious skin necrosis was high in hot months of the year (2.22%). Concerning sex susceptibility, there was no significant variation in the percent of infection with contagious skin necrosis in both sexes. In regard to age susceptibility, the highest percent of infection with contagious skin necrosis was 2.61% at camels between 9-10 years of age. Prevalence of contagious skin necrosis reached it’s peak at El Wady El Gadid Governorate (5.16%).
Skin abscesses were detected in twenty seven cases out of 2377 examined camels, either in the neck region, face and hind limb of the animal. These abscesses were rounded in shape, 5-7 cm in diameter , cold, painless and firm in consistency. Ruptured and incised abscesses contained thick, sticky yellow whitish pus tinged with blood. Bacteriological analysis of pus samples revealed that the predominant isolated Gram positive bacteria was Staphylococcus aureus, and Gram negative bacteria was Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
In regard to seasonal influence, the percent of infection with skin abscesses reached it’s peak at hot months of the year (1.6%). Concerning sex susceptibility, there was no significant variation in the percent of infection with skin abscesses in both sexes. In respect to age susceptibility, the highest percent of infection with skin abscesses was 2.17% at camels between 9-10 years of age. The highest prevalence of skin abscesses was 2.58% in El Wady El Gadid Governorate.
One hundred and forty out of 2377 camels were suffer from tick infestation and the most commonly affected sites were under the tail, around the anus, nostrils, udder and inguinal region. Tick infestation was more prevalent at the hot months of the year (8.36%), and the highest percent of infection with it was 8.26% at camels between 9-10 years of age, moreover, the highest prevalence of tick infestation was in Assiut Governorate (16.31%).
7.67% of camels with skin diseases were positive to trypanosoma infection by using blood film examination, meanwhile 31.95% were positive by using formol gel test, 30.35% were positive by using mercuric chloride test and 16.93% were positive by using thymol turbidity test. The percent of mixed infection of mange, pseudotuberculosis, contagious skin necrosis and skin abscesses with trypanosomosis were 40.9%, 50%, 64.86% and 55.6% respectively.
Summary
from July 2003 till July 2004, a total number of 2377 camels in different ages and sexes, and in different localities in Upper Egypt (El-Minea, Assiut, Sohage, El-Wady El Gadid, Aswan Governorates and Shalatin city) and in different seasons of the year. Of these camels, 313 cases were found with skin affections.
The different skin affections were classified according to the clinical observations and laboratory findings into: mange (4.84%), pseudotuberculosis (2.1%), contagious skin necrosis (1.56%), skin abscesses (1.14%) and tick infestation (5.9%).
One hundred and fifteen out of 2377 camels were demonstrating signs of mange in different parts of the animal body either in the acute or chronic stages of the disease in the form of severe itching, loss of hair, thickening and folding of the skin and in many cases skin became dark grey coloured. Examination of skin scrapings revealed that only three samples yielded mite parasite, one of these mites was sarcoptic mite and the other two mites could be identified as psoroptic mite.
In respect to seasonal influence, the percent of infection with mange was higher in hot months of the year (6.67%) than non hot months (3.19%). Meanwhile there was no significant difference in the percent of infection with mange in both sexes (non sex-linked disease). In regard to age susceptibility, the highest percent of infection with mange was 7.4% at camels between 7-8 years of age. Concerning spatial distribution, the highest prevalence of mange was found in El-Minea Governorate (17%).
Fifty out of 2377 examined camels showed signs of pseudotuberculosis, enlargement and suppuration of lymph nodes (ventral superficial cervical lymph, mandibular, axillary, accessory axillary and cubital lymph nodes). Some of the affected lymph nodes were hot, tender and slightly hard in consistency, meanwhile others were cold, tenderless and very hard in consistency. By incision, some abscesses discharged whitish or yellowish white caseo-purulent inspissated putty like material tinged with blood, other abscesses revealed no pus material. Bacteriological examination of pus samples revealed that Corynebacterium spp. was the predominant isolated bacteria either alone or mixed with other bacteria (53.7%).
Concerning seasonal influence, the percent of infection with pseudotuberculosis was nearly similar in hot (2.05%) and non hot months (2.15%) of the year, so season has no effect on occurrence of pseudotuberculosis. In regard to sex susceptibility, the percent of infection with pseudotuberculosis was higher in female camels (3.5%) than males (1.79%). Concerning age susceptibility, the highest percent of infection with pseudotuberculosis was 3.04% at camels between 9-10 years of age. Prevalence of pseudotuberculosis reached it’s peak at El Wady El Gadid Governorate (7.11%).
Thirty seven out of 2377 examined camels showed lesions of contagious skin necrosis in different parts of the animal body, these lesions appeared as areas of necrosed skin separated from the surrounding healthy skin, cold and very hard in consistency, when removed circular ulcer filled with white bloody pus remained. Microbiologically, the predominant isolated bacteria from these lesions was Staphylococcus aureus (60.61%).
In respect to seasonal influence, the percent of infection with contagious skin necrosis was high in hot months of the year (2.22%). Concerning sex susceptibility, there was no significant variation in the percent of infection with contagious skin necrosis in both sexes. In regard to age susceptibility, the highest percent of infection with contagious skin necrosis was 2.61% at camels between 9-10 years of age. Prevalence of contagious skin necrosis reached it’s peak at El Wady El Gadid Governorate (5.16%).
Skin abscesses were detected in twenty seven cases out of 2377 examined camels, either in the neck region, face and hind limb of the animal. These abscesses were rounded in shape, 5-7 cm in diameter , cold, painless and firm in consistency. Ruptured and incised abscesses contained thick, sticky yellow whitish pus tinged with blood. Bacteriological analysis of pus samples revealed that the predominant isolated Gram positive bacteria was Staphylococcus aureus, and Gram negative bacteria was Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
In regard to seasonal influence, the percent of infection with skin abscesses reached it’s peak at hot months of the year (1.6%). Concerning sex susceptibility, there was no significant variation in the percent of infection with skin abscesses in both sexes. In respect to age susceptibility, the highest percent of infection with skin abscesses was 2.17% at camels between 9-10 years of age. The highest prevalence of skin abscesses was 2.58% in El Wady El Gadid Governorate.
One hundred and forty out of 2377 camels were suffer from tick infestation and the most commonly affected sites were under the tail, around the anus, nostrils, udder and inguinal region. Tick infestation was more prevalent at the hot months of the year (8.36%), and the highest percent of infection with it was 8.26% at camels between 9-10 years of age, moreover, the highest prevalence of tick infestation was in Assiut Governorate (16.31%).
7.67% of camels with skin diseases were positive to trypanosoma infection by using blood film examination, meanwhile 31.95% were positive by using formol gel test, 30.35% were positive by using mercuric chloride test and 16.93% were positive by using thymol turbidity test. The percent of mixed infection of mange, pseudotuberculosis, contagious skin necrosis and skin abscesses with trypanosomosis were 40.9%, 50%, 64.86% and 55.6% respectively.
Summary
from July 2003 till July 2004, a total number of 2377 camels in different ages and sexes, and in different localities in Upper Egypt (El-Minea, Assiut, Sohage, El-Wady El Gadid, Aswan Governorates and Shalatin city) and in different seasons of the year. Of these camels, 313 cases were found with skin affections.
The different skin affections were classified according to the clinical observations and laboratory findings into: mange (4.84%), pseudotuberculosis (2.1%), contagious skin necrosis (1.56%), skin abscesses (1.14%) and tick infestation (5.9%).
One hundred and fifteen out of 2377 camels were demonstrating signs of mange in different parts of the animal body either in the acute or chronic stages of the disease in the form of severe itching, loss of hair, thickening and folding of the skin and in many cases skin became dark grey coloured. Examination of skin scrapings revealed that only three samples yielded mite parasite, one of these mites was sarcoptic mite and the other two mites could be identified as psoroptic mite.
In respect to seasonal influence, the percent of infection with mange was higher in hot months of the year (6.67%) than non hot months (3.19%). Meanwhile there was no significant difference in the percent of infection with mange in both sexes (non sex-linked disease). In regard to age susceptibility, the highest percent of infection with mange was 7.4% at camels between 7-8 years of age. Concerning spatial distribution, the highest prevalence of mange was found in El-Minea Governorate (17%).
Fifty out of 2377 examined camels showed signs of pseudotuberculosis, enlargement and suppuration of lymph nodes (ventral superficial cervical lymph, mandibular, axillary, accessory axillary and cubital lymph nodes). Some of the affected lymph nodes were hot, tender and slightly hard in consistency, meanwhile others were cold, tenderless and very hard in consistency. By incision, some abscesses discharged whitish or yellowish white caseo-purulent inspissated putty like material tinged with blood, other abscesses revealed no pus material. Bacteriological examination of pus samples revealed that Corynebacterium spp. was the predominant isolated bacteria either alone or mixed with other bacteria (53.7%).
Concerning seasonal influence, the percent of infection with pseudotuberculosis was nearly similar in hot (2.05%) and non hot months (2.15%) of the year, so season has no effect on occurrence of pseudotuberculosis. In regard to sex susceptibility, the percent of infection with pseudotuberculosis was higher in female camels (3.5%) than males (1.79%). Concerning age susceptibility, the highest percent of infection with pseudotuberculosis was 3.04% at camels between 9-10 years of age. Prevalence of pseudotuberculosis reached it’s peak at El Wady El Gadid Governorate (7.11%).
Thirty seven out of 2377 examined camels showed lesions of contagious skin necrosis in different parts of the animal body, these lesions appeared as areas of necrosed skin separated from the surrounding healthy skin, cold and very hard in consistency, when removed circular ulcer filled with white bloody pus remained. Microbiologically, the predominant isolated bacteria from these lesions was Staphylococcus aureus (60.61%).
In respect to seasonal influence, the percent of infection with contagious skin necrosis was high in hot months of the year (2.22%). Concerning sex susceptibility, there was no significant variation in the percent of infection with contagious skin necrosis in both sexes. In regard to age susceptibility, the highest percent of infection with contagious skin necrosis was 2.61% at camels between 9-10 years of age. Prevalence of contagious skin necrosis reached it’s peak at El Wady El Gadid Governorate (5.16%).
Skin abscesses were detected in twenty seven cases out of 2377 examined camels, either in the neck region, face and hind limb of the animal. These abscesses were rounded in shape, 5-7 cm in diameter , cold, painless and firm in consistency. Ruptured and incised abscesses contained thick, sticky yellow whitish pus tinged with blood. Bacteriological analysis of pus samples revealed that the predominant isolated Gram positive bacteria was Staphylococcus aureus, and Gram negative bacteria was Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
In regard to seasonal influence, the percent of infection with skin abscesses reached it’s peak at hot months of the year (1.6%). Concerning sex susceptibility, there was no significant variation in the percent of infection with skin abscesses in both sexes. In respect to age susceptibility, the highest percent of infection with skin abscesses was 2.17% at camels between 9-10 years of age. The highest prevalence of skin abscesses was 2.58% in El Wady El Gadid Governorate.
One hundred and forty out of 2377 camels were suffer from tick infestation and the most commonly affected sites were under the tail, around the anus, nostrils, udder and inguinal region. Tick infestation was more prevalent at the hot months of the year (8.36%), and the highest percent of infection with it was 8.26% at camels between 9-10 years of age, moreover, the highest prevalence of tick infestation was in Assiut Governorate (16.31%).
7.67% of camels with skin diseases were positive to trypanosoma infection by using blood film examination, meanwhile 31.95% were positive by using formol gel test, 30.35% were positive by using mercuric chloride test and 16.93% were positive by using thymol turbidity test. The percent of mixed infection of mange, pseudotuberculosis, contagious skin necrosis and skin abscesses with trypanosomosis were 40.9%, 50%, 64.86% and 55.6% respectively.
Summary
from July 2003 till July 2004, a total number of 2377 camels in different ages and sexes, and in different localities in Upper Egypt (El-Minea, Assiut, Sohage, El-Wady El Gadid, Aswan Governorates and Shalatin city) and in different seasons of the year. Of these camels, 313 cases were found with skin affections.
The different skin affections were classified according to the clinical observations and laboratory findings into: mange (4.84%), pseudotuberculosis (2.1%), contagious skin necrosis (1.56%), skin abscesses (1.14%) and tick infestation (5.9%).
One hundred and fifteen out of 2377 camels were demonstrating signs of mange in different parts of the animal body either in the acute or chronic stages of the disease in the form of severe itching, loss of hair, thickening and folding of the skin and in many cases skin became dark grey coloured. Examination of skin scrapings revealed that only three samples yielded mite parasite, one of these mites was sarcoptic mite and the other two mites could be identified as psoroptic mite.
In respect to seasonal influence, the percent of infection with mange was higher in hot months of the year (6.67%) than non hot months (3.19%). Meanwhile there was no significant difference in the percent of infection with mange in both sexes (non sex-linked disease). In regard to age susceptibility, the highest percent of infection with mange was 7.4% at camels between 7-8 years of age. Concerning spatial distribution, the highest prevalence of mange was found in El-Minea Governorate (17%).
Fifty out of 2377 examined camels showed signs of pseudotuberculosis, enlargement and suppuration of lymph nodes (ventral superficial cervical lymph, mandibular, axillary, accessory axillary and cubital lymph nodes). Some of the affected lymph nodes were hot, tender and slightly hard in consistency, meanwhile others were cold, tenderless and very hard in consistency. By incision, some abscesses discharged whitish or yellowish white caseo-purulent inspissated putty like material tinged with blood, other abscesses revealed no pus material. Bacteriological examination of pus samples revealed that Corynebacterium spp. was the predominant isolated bacteria either alone or mixed with other bacteria (53.7%).
Concerning seasonal influence, the percent of infection with pseudotuberculosis was nearly similar in hot (2.05%) and non hot months (2.15%) of the year, so season has no effect on occurrence of pseudotuberculosis. In regard to sex susceptibility, the percent of infection with pseudotuberculosis was higher in female camels (3.5%) than males (1.79%). Concerning age susceptibility, the highest percent of infection with pseudotuberculosis was 3.04% at camels between 9-10 years of age. Prevalence of pseudotuberculosis reached it’s peak at El Wady El Gadid Governorate (7.11%).
Thirty seven out of 2377 examined camels showed lesions of contagious skin necrosis in different parts of the animal body, these lesions appeared as areas of necrosed skin separated from the surrounding healthy skin, cold and very hard in consistency, when removed circular ulcer filled with white bloody pus remained. Microbiologically, the predominant isolated bacteria from these lesions was Staphylococcus aureus (60.61%).
In respect to seasonal influence, the percent of infection with contagious skin necrosis was high in hot months of the year (2.22%). Concerning sex susceptibility, there was no significant variation in the percent of infection with contagious skin necrosis in both sexes. In regard to age susceptibility, the highest percent of infection with contagious skin necrosis was 2.61% at camels between 9-10 years of age. Prevalence of contagious skin necrosis reached it’s peak at El Wady El Gadid Governorate (5.16%).
Skin abscesses were detected in twenty seven cases out of 2377 examined camels, either in the neck region, face and hind limb of the animal. These abscesses were rounded in shape, 5-7 cm in diameter , cold, painless and firm in consistency. Ruptured and incised abscesses contained thick, sticky yellow whitish pus tinged with blood. Bacteriological analysis of pus samples revealed that the predominant isolated Gram positive bacteria was Staphylococcus aureus, and Gram negative bacteria was Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
In regard to seasonal influence, the percent of infection with skin abscesses reached it’s peak at hot months of the year (1.6%). Concerning sex susceptibility, there was no significant variation in the percent of infection with skin abscesses in both sexes. In respect to age susceptibility, the highest percent of infection with skin abscesses was 2.17% at camels between 9-10 years of age. The highest prevalence of skin abscesses was 2.58% in El Wady El Gadid Governorate.
One hundred and forty out of 2377 camels were suffer from tick infestation and the most commonly affected sites were under the tail, around the anus, nostrils, udder and inguinal region. Tick infestation was more prevalent at the hot months of the year (8.36%), and the highest percent of infection with it was 8.26% at camels between 9-10 years of age, moreover, the highest prevalence of tick infestation was in Assiut Governorate (16.31%).
7.67% of camels with skin diseases were positive to trypanosoma infection by using blood film examination, meanwhile 31.95% were positive by using formol gel test, 30.35% were positive by using mercuric chloride test and 16.93% were positive by using thymol turbidity test. The percent of mixed infection of mange, pseudotuberculosis, contagious skin necrosis and skin abscesses with trypanosomosis were 40.9%, 50%, 64.86% and 55.6% respectively.
Summary
from July 2003 till July 2004, a total number of 2377 camels in different ages and sexes, and in different localities in Upper Egypt (El-Minea, Assiut, Sohage, El-Wady El Gadid, Aswan Governorates and Shalatin city) and in different seasons of the year. Of these camels, 313 cases were found with skin affections.
The different skin affections were classified according to the clinical observations and laboratory findings into: mange (4.84%), pseudotuberculosis (2.1%), contagious skin necrosis (1.56%), skin abscesses (1.14%) and tick infestation (5.9%).
One hundred and fifteen out of 2377 camels were demonstrating signs of mange in different parts of the animal body either in the acute or chronic stages of the disease in the form of severe itching, loss of hair, thickening and folding of the skin and in many cases skin became dark grey coloured. Examination of skin scrapings revealed that only three samples yielded mite parasite, one of these mites was sarcoptic mite and the other two mites could be identified as psoroptic mite.
In respect to seasonal influence, the percent of infection with mange was higher in hot months of the year (6.67%) than non hot months (3.19%). Meanwhile there was no significant difference in the percent of infection with mange in both sexes (non sex-linked disease). In regard to age susceptibility, the highest percent of infection with mange was 7.4% at camels between 7-8 years of age. Concerning spatial distribution, the highest prevalence of mange was found in El-Minea Governorate (17%).
Fifty out of 2377 examined camels showed signs of pseudotuberculosis, enlargement and suppuration of lymph nodes (ventral superficial cervical lymph, mandibular, axillary, accessory axillary and cubital lymph nodes). Some of the affected lymph nodes were hot, tender and slightly hard in consistency, meanwhile others were cold, tenderless and very hard in consistency. By incision, some abscesses discharged whitish or yellowish white caseo-purulent inspissated putty like material tinged with blood, other abscesses revealed no pus material. Bacteriological examination of pus samples revealed that Corynebacterium spp. was the predominant isolated bacteria either alone or mixed with other bacteria (53.7%).
Concerning seasonal influence, the percent of infection with pseudotuberculosis was nearly similar in hot (2.05%) and non hot months (2.15%) of the year, so season has no effect on occurrence of pseudotuberculosis. In regard to sex susceptibility, the percent of infection with pseudotuberculosis was higher in female camels (3.5%) than males (1.79%). Concerning age susceptibility, the highest percent of infection with pseudotuberculosis was 3.04% at camels between 9-10 years of age. Prevalence of pseudotuberculosis reached it’s peak at El Wady El Gadid Governorate (7.11%).
Thirty seven out of 2377 examined camels showed lesions of contagious skin necrosis in different parts of the animal body, these lesions appeared as areas of necrosed skin separated from the surrounding healthy skin, cold and very hard in consistency, when removed circular ulcer filled with white bloody pus remained. Microbiologically, the predominant isolated bacteria from these lesions was Staphylococcus aureus (60.61%).
In respect to seasonal influence, the percent of infection with contagious skin necrosis was high in hot months of the year (2.22%). Concerning sex susceptibility, there was no significant variation in the percent of infection with contagious skin necrosis in both sexes. In regard to age susceptibility, the highest percent of infection with contagious skin necrosis was 2.61% at camels between 9-10 years of age. Prevalence of contagious skin necrosis reached it’s peak at El Wady El Gadid Governorate (5.16%).
Skin abscesses were detected in twenty seven cases out of 2377 examined camels, either in the neck region, face and hind limb of the animal. These abscesses were rounded in shape, 5-7 cm in diameter , cold, painless and firm in consistency. Ruptured and incised abscesses contained thick, sticky yellow whitish pus tinged with blood. Bacteriological analysis of pus samples revealed that the predominant isolated Gram positive bacteria was Staphylococcus aureus, and Gram negative bacteria was Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
In regard to seasonal influence, the percent of infection with skin abscesses reached it’s peak at hot months of the year (1.6%). Concerning sex susceptibility, there was no significant variation in the percent of infection with skin abscesses in both sexes. In respect to age susceptibility, the highest percent of infection with skin abscesses was 2.17% at camels between 9-10 years of age. The highest prevalence of skin abscesses was 2.58% in El Wady El Gadid Governorate.
One hundred and forty out of 2377 camels were suffer from tick infestation and the most commonly affected sites were under the tail, around the anus, nostrils, udder and inguinal region. Tick infestation was more prevalent at the hot months of the year (8.36%), and the highest percent of infection with it was 8.26% at camels between 9-10 years of age, moreover, the highest prevalence of tick infestation was in Assiut Governorate (16.31%).
7.67% of camels with skin diseases were positive to trypanosoma infection by using blood film examination, meanwhile 31.95% were positive by using formol gel test, 30.35% were positive by using mercuric chloride test and 16.93% were positive by using thymol turbidity test. The percent of mixed infection of mange, pseudotuberculosis, contagious skin necrosis and skin abscesses with trypanosomosis were 40.9%, 50%, 64.86% and 55.6% respectively.
Summary
from July 2003 till July 2004, a total number of 2377 camels in different ages and sexes, and in different localities in Upper Egypt (El-Minea, Assiut, Sohage, El-Wady El Gadid, Aswan Governorates and Shalatin city) and in different seasons of the year. Of these camels, 313 cases were found with skin affections.
The different skin affections were classified according to the clinical observations and laboratory findings into: mange (4.84%), pseudotuberculosis (2.1%), contagious skin necrosis (1.56%), skin abscesses (1.14%) and tick infestation (5.9%).
One hundred and fifteen out of 2377 camels were demonstrating signs of mange in different parts of the animal body either in the acute or chronic stages of the disease in the form of severe itching, loss of hair, thickening and folding of the skin and in many cases skin became dark grey coloured. Examination of skin scrapings revealed that only three samples yielded mite parasite, one of these mites was sarcoptic mite and the other two mites could be identified as psoroptic mite.
In respect to seasonal influence, the percent of infection with mange was higher in hot months of the year (6.67%) than non hot months (3.19%). Meanwhile there was no significant difference in the percent of infection with mange in both sexes (non sex-linked disease). In regard to age susceptibility, the highest percent of infection with mange was 7.4% at camels between 7-8 years of age. Concerning spatial distribution, the highest prevalence of mange was found in El-Minea Governorate (17%).
Fifty out of 2377 examined camels showed signs of pseudotuberculosis, enlargement and suppuration of lymph nodes (ventral superficial cervical lymph, mandibular, axillary, accessory axillary and cubital lymph nodes). Some of the affected lymph nodes were hot, tender and slightly hard in consistency, meanwhile others were cold, tenderless and very hard in consistency. By incision, some abscesses discharged whitish or yellowish white caseo-purulent inspissated putty like material tinged with blood, other abscesses revealed no pus material. Bacteriological examination of pus samples revealed that Corynebacterium spp. was the predominant isolated bacteria either alone or mixed with other bacteria (53.7%).
Concerning seasonal influence, the percent of infection with pseudotuberculosis was nearly similar in hot (2.05%) and non hot months (2.15%) of the year, so season has no effect on occurrence of pseudotuberculosis. In regard to sex susceptibility, the percent of infection with pseudotuberculosis was higher in female camels (3.5%) than males (1.79%). Concerning age susceptibility, the highest percent of infection with pseudotuberculosis was 3.04% at camels between 9-10 years of age. Prevalence of pseudotuberculosis reached it’s peak at El Wady El Gadid Governorate (7.11%).
Thirty seven out of 2377 examined camels showed lesions of contagious skin necrosis in different parts of the animal body, these lesions appeared as areas of necrosed skin separated from the surrounding healthy skin, cold and very hard in consistency, when removed circular ulcer filled with white bloody pus remained. Microbiologically, the predominant isolated bacteria from these lesions was Staphylococcus aureus (60.61%).
In respect to seasonal influence, the percent of infection with contagious skin necrosis was high in hot months of the year (2.22%). Concerning sex susceptibility, there was no significant variation in the percent of infection with contagious skin necrosis in both sexes. In regard to age susceptibility, the highest percent of infection with contagious skin necrosis was 2.61% at camels between 9-10 years of age. Prevalence of contagious skin necrosis reached it’s peak at El Wady El Gadid Governorate (5.16%).
Skin abscesses were detected in twenty seven cases out of 2377 examined camels, either in the neck region, face and hind limb of the animal. These abscesses were rounded in shape, 5-7 cm in diameter , cold, painless and firm in consistency. Ruptured and incised abscesses contained thick, sticky yellow whitish pus tinged with blood. Bacteriological analysis of pus samples revealed that the predominant isolated Gram positive bacteria was Staphylococcus aureus, and Gram negative bacteria was Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
In regard to seasonal influence, the percent of infection with skin abscesses reached it’s peak at hot months of the year (1.6%). Concerning sex susceptibility, there was no significant variation in the percent of infection with skin abscesses in both sexes. In respect to age susceptibility, the highest percent of infection with skin abscesses was 2.17% at camels between 9-10 years of age. The highest prevalence of skin abscesses was 2.58% in El Wady El Gadid Governorate.
One hundred and forty out of 2377 camels were suffer from tick infestation and the most commonly affected sites were under the tail, around the anus, nostrils, udder and inguinal region. Tick infestation was more prevalent at the hot months of the year (8.36%), and the highest percent of infection with it was 8.26% at camels between 9-10 years of age, moreover, the highest prevalence of tick infestation was in Assiut Governorate (16.31%).
7.67% of camels with skin diseases were positive to trypanosoma infection by using blood film examination, meanwhile 31.95% were positive by using formol gel test, 30.35% were positive by using mercuric chloride test and 16.93% were positive by using thymol turbidity test. The percent of mixed infection of mange, pseudotuberculosis, contagious skin necrosis and skin abscesses with trypanosomosis were 40.9%, 50%, 64.86% and 55.6% respectively.
Summary
from July 2003 till July 2004, a total number of 2377 camels in different ages and sexes, and in different localities in Upper Egypt (El-Minea, Assiut, Sohage, El-Wady El Gadid, Aswan Governorates and Shalatin city) and in different seasons of the year. Of these camels, 313 cases were found with skin affections.
The different skin affections were classified according to the clinical observations and laboratory findings into: mange (4.84%), pseudotuberculosis (2.1%), contagious skin necrosis (1.56%), skin abscesses (1.14%) and tick infestation (5.9%).
One hundred and fifteen out of 2377 camels were demonstrating signs of mange in different parts of the animal body either in the acute or chronic stages of the disease in the form of severe itching, loss of hair, thickening and folding of the skin and in many cases skin became dark grey coloured. Examination of skin scrapings revealed that only three samples yielded mite parasite, one of these mites was sarcoptic mite and the other two mites could be identified as psoroptic mite.
In respect to seasonal influence, the percent of infection with mange was higher in hot months of the year (6.67%) than non hot months (3.19%). Meanwhile there was no significant difference in the percent of infection with mange in both sexes (non sex-linked disease). In regard to age susceptibility, the highest percent of infection with mange was 7.4% at camels between 7-8 years of age. Concerning spatial distribution, the highest prevalence of mange was found in El-Minea Governorate (17%).
Fifty out of 2377 examined camels showed signs of pseudotuberculosis, enlargement and suppuration of lymph nodes (ventral superficial cervical lymph, mandibular, axillary, accessory axillary and cubital lymph nodes). Some of the affected lymph nodes were hot, tender and slightly hard in consistency, meanwhile others were cold, tenderless and very hard in consistency. By incision, some abscesses discharged whitish or yellowish white caseo-purulent inspissated putty like material tinged with blood, other abscesses revealed no pus material. Bacteriological examination of pus samples revealed that Corynebacterium spp. was the predominant isolated bacteria either alone or mixed with other bacteria (53.7%).
Concerning seasonal influence, the percent of infection with pseudotuberculosis was nearly similar in hot (2.05%) and non hot months (2.15%) of the year, so season has no effect on occurrence of pseudotuberculosis. In regard to sex susceptibility, the percent of infection with pseudotuberculosis was higher in female camels (3.5%) than males (1.79%). Concerning age susceptibility, the highest percent of infection with pseudotuberculosis was 3.04% at camels between 9-10 years of age. Prevalence of pseudotuberculosis reached it’s peak at El Wady El Gadid Governorate (7.11%).
Thirty seven out of 2377 examined camels showed lesions of contagious skin necrosis in different parts of the animal body, these lesions appeared as areas of necrosed skin separated from the surrounding healthy skin, cold and very hard in consistency, when removed circular ulcer filled with white bloody pus remained. Microbiologically, the predominant isolated bacteria from these lesions was Staphylococcus aureus (60.61%).
In respect to seasonal influence, the percent of infection with contagious skin necrosis was high in hot months of the year (2.22%). Concerning sex susceptibility, there was no significant variation in the percent of infection with contagious skin necrosis in both sexes. In regard to age susceptibility, the highest percent of infection with contagious skin necrosis was 2.61% at camels between 9-10 years of age. Prevalence of contagious skin necrosis reached it’s peak at El Wady El Gadid Governorate (5.16%).
Skin abscesses were detected in twenty seven cases out of 2377 examined camels, either in the neck region, face and hind limb of the animal. These abscesses were rounded in shape, 5-7 cm in diameter , cold, painless and firm in consistency. Ruptured and incised abscesses contained thick, sticky yellow whitish pus tinged with blood. Bacteriological analysis of pus samples revealed that the predominant isolated Gram positive bacteria was Staphylococcus aureus, and Gram negative bacteria was Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
In regard to seasonal influence, the percent of infection with skin abscesses reached it’s peak at hot months of the year (1.6%). Concerning sex susceptibility, there was no significant variation in the percent of infection with skin abscesses in both sexes. In respect to age susceptibility, the highest percent of infection with skin abscesses was 2.17% at camels between 9-10 years of age. The highest prevalence of skin abscesses was 2.58% in El Wady El Gadid Governorate.
One hundred and forty out of 2377 camels were suffer from tick infestation and the most commonly affected sites were under the tail, around the anus, nostrils, udder and inguinal region. Tick infestation was more prevalent at the hot months of the year (8.36%), and the highest percent of infection with it was 8.26% at camels between 9-10 years of age, moreover, the highest prevalence of tick infestation was in Assiut Governorate (16.31%).
7.67% of camels with skin diseases were positive to trypanosoma infection by using blood film examination, meanwhile 31.95% were positive by using formol gel test, 30.35% were positive by using mercuric chloride test and 16.93% were positive by using thymol turbidity test. The percent of mixed infection of mange, pseudotuberculosis, contagious skin necrosis and skin abscesses with trypanosomosis were 40.9%, 50%, 64.86% and 55.6% respectively.
Summary
from July 2003 till July 2004, a total number of 2377 camels in different ages and sexes, and in different localities in Upper Egypt (El-Minea, Assiut, Sohage, El-Wady El Gadid, Aswan Governorates and Shalatin city) and in different seasons of the year. Of these camels, 313 cases were found with skin affections.
The different skin affections were classified according to the clinical observations and laboratory findings into: mange (4.84%), pseudotuberculosis (2.1%), contagious skin necrosis (1.56%), skin abscesses (1.14%) and tick infestation (5.9%).
One hundred and fifteen out of 2377 camels were demonstrating signs of mange in different parts of the animal body either in the acute or chronic stages of the disease in the form of severe itching, loss of hair, thickening and folding of the skin and in many cases skin became dark grey coloured. Examination of skin scrapings revealed that only three samples yielded mite parasite, one of these mites was sarcoptic mite and the other two mites could be identified as psoroptic mite.
In respect to seasonal influence, the percent of infection with mange was higher in hot months of the year (6.67%) than non hot months (3.19%). Meanwhile there was no significant difference in the percent of infection with mange in both sexes (non sex-linked disease). In regard to age susceptibility, the highest percent of infection with mange was 7.4% at camels between 7-8 years of age. Concerning spatial distribution, the highest prevalence of mange was found in El-Minea Governorate (17%).
Fifty out of 2377 examined camels showed signs of pseudotuberculosis, enlargement and suppuration of lymph nodes (ventral superficial cervical lymph, mandibular, axillary, accessory axillary and cubital lymph nodes). Some of the affected lymph nodes were hot, tender and slightly hard in consistency, meanwhile others were cold, tenderless and very hard in consistency. By incision, some abscesses discharged whitish or yellowish white caseo-purulent inspissated putty like material tinged with blood, other abscesses revealed no pus material. Bacteriological examination of pus samples revealed that Corynebacterium spp. was the predominant isolated bacteria either alone or mixed with other bacteria (53.7%).
Concerning seasonal influence, the percent of infection with pseudotuberculosis was nearly similar in hot (2.05%) and non hot months (2.15%) of the year, so season has no effect on occurrence of pseudotuberculosis. In regard to sex susceptibility, the percent of infection with pseudotuberculosis was higher in female camels (3.5%) than males (1.79%). Concerning age susceptibility, the highest percent of infection with pseudotuberculosis was 3.04% at camels between 9-10 years of age. Prevalence of pseudotuberculosis reached it’s peak at El Wady El Gadid Governorate (7.11%).
Thirty seven out of 2377 examined camels showed lesions of contagious skin necrosis in different parts of the animal body, these lesions appeared as areas of necrosed skin separated from the surrounding healthy skin, cold and very hard in consistency, when removed circular ulcer filled with white bloody pus remained. Microbiologically, the predominant isolated bacteria from these lesions was Staphylococcus aureus (60.61%).
In respect to seasonal influence, the percent of infection with contagious skin necrosis was high in hot months of the year (2.22%). Concerning sex susceptibility, there was no significant variation in the percent of infection with contagious skin necrosis in both sexes. In regard to age susceptibility, the highest percent of infection with contagious skin necrosis was 2.61% at camels between 9-10 years of age. Prevalence of contagious skin necrosis reached it’s peak at El Wady El Gadid Governorate (5.16%).
Skin abscesses were detected in twenty seven cases out of 2377 examined camels, either in the neck region, face and hind limb of the animal. These abscesses were rounded in shape, 5-7 cm in diameter , cold, painless and firm in consistency. Ruptured and incised abscesses contained thick, sticky yellow whitish pus tinged with blood. Bacteriological analysis of pus samples revealed that the predominant isolated Gram positive bacteria was Staphylococcus aureus, and Gram negative bacteria was Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
In regard to seasonal influence, the percent of infection with skin abscesses reached it’s peak at hot months of the year (1.6%). Concerning sex susceptibility, there was no significant variation in the percent of infection with skin abscesses in both sexes. In respect to age susceptibility, the highest percent of infection with skin abscesses was 2.17% at camels between 9-10 years of age. The highest prevalence of skin abscesses was 2.58% in El Wady El Gadid Governorate.
One hundred and forty out of 2377 camels were suffer from tick infestation and the most commonly affected sites were under the tail, around the anus, nostrils, udder and inguinal region. Tick infestation was more prevalent at the hot months of the year (8.36%), and the highest percent of infection with it was 8.26% at camels between 9-10 years of age, moreover, the highest prevalence of tick infestation was in Assiut Governorate (16.31%).
7.67% of camels with skin diseases were positive to trypanosoma infection by using blood film examination, meanwhile 31.95% were positive by using formol gel test, 30.35% were positive by using mercuric chloride test and 16.93% were positive by using thymol turbidity test. The percent of mixed infection of mange, pseudotuberculosis, contagious skin necrosis and skin abscesses with trypanosomosis were 40.9%, 50%, 64.86% and 55.6% respectively.
Summary
from July 2003 till July 2004, a total number of 2377 camels in different ages and sexes, and in different localities in Upper Egypt (El-Minea, Assiut, Sohage, El-Wady El Gadid, Aswan Governorates and Shalatin city) and in different seasons of the year. Of these camels, 313 cases were found with skin affections.
The different skin affections were classified according to the clinical observations and laboratory findings into: mange (4.84%), pseudotuberculosis (2.1%), contagious skin necrosis (1.56%), skin abscesses (1.14%) and tick infestation (5.9%).
One hundred and fifteen out of 2377 camels were demonstrating signs of mange in different parts of the animal body either in the acute or chronic stages of the disease in the form of severe itching, loss of hair, thickening and folding of the skin and in many cases skin became dark grey coloured. Examination of skin scrapings revealed that only three samples yielded mite parasite, one of these mites was sarcoptic mite and the other two mites could be identified as psoroptic mite.
In respect to seasonal influence, the percent of infection with mange was higher in hot months of the year (6.67%) than non hot months (3.19%). Meanwhile there was no significant difference in the percent of infection with mange in both sexes (non sex-linked disease). In regard to age susceptibility, the highest percent of infection with mange was 7.4% at camels between 7-8 years of age. Concerning spatial distribution, the highest prevalence of mange was found in El-Minea Governorate (17%).
Fifty out of 2377 examined camels showed signs of pseudotuberculosis, enlargement and suppuration of lymph nodes (ventral superficial cervical lymph, mandibular, axillary, accessory axillary and cubital lymph nodes). Some of the affected lymph nodes were hot, tender and slightly hard in consistency, meanwhile others were cold, tenderless and very hard in consistency. By incision, some abscesses discharged whitish or yellowish white caseo-purulent inspissated putty like material tinged with blood, other abscesses revealed no pus material. Bacteriological examination of pus samples revealed that Corynebacterium spp. was the predominant isolated bacteria either alone or mixed with other bacteria (53.7%).
Concerning seasonal influence, the percent of infection with pseudotuberculosis was nearly similar in hot (2.05%) and non hot months (2.15%) of the year, so season has no effect on occurrence of pseudotuberculosis. In regard to sex susceptibility, the percent of infection with pseudotuberculosis was higher in female camels (3.5%) than males (1.79%). Concerning age susceptibility, the highest percent of infection with pseudotuberculosis was 3.04% at camels between 9-10 years of age. Prevalence of pseudotuberculosis reached it’s peak at El Wady El Gadid Governorate (7.11%).
Thirty seven out of 2377 examined camels showed lesions of contagious skin necrosis in different parts of the animal body, these lesions appeared as areas of necrosed skin separated from the surrounding healthy skin, cold and very hard in consistency, when removed circular ulcer filled with white bloody pus remained. Microbiologically, the predominant isolated bacteria from these lesions was Staphylococcus aureus (60.61%).
In respect to seasonal influence, the percent of infection with contagious skin necrosis was high in hot months of the year (2.22%). Concerning sex susceptibility, there was no significant variation in the percent of infection with contagious skin necrosis in both sexes. In regard to age susceptibility, the highest percent of infection with contagious skin necrosis was 2.61% at camels between 9-10 years of age. Prevalence of contagious skin necrosis reached it’s peak at El Wady El Gadid Governorate (5.16%).
Skin abscesses were detected in twenty seven cases out of 2377 examined camels, either in the neck region, face and hind limb of the animal. These abscesses were rounded in shape, 5-7 cm in diameter , cold, painless and firm in consistency. Ruptured and incised abscesses contained thick, sticky yellow whitish pus tinged with blood. Bacteriological analysis of pus samples revealed that the predominant isolated Gram positive bacteria was Staphylococcus aureus, and Gram negative bacteria was Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
In regard to seasonal influence, the percent of infection with skin abscesses reached it’s peak at hot months of the year (1.6%). Concerning sex susceptibility, there was no significant variation in the percent of infection with skin abscesses in both sexes. In respect to age susceptibility, the highest percent of infection with skin abscesses was 2.17% at camels between 9-10 years of age. The highest prevalence of skin abscesses was 2.58% in El Wady El Gadid Governorate.
One hundred and forty out of 2377 camels were suffer from tick infestation and the most commonly affected sites were under the tail, around the anus, nostrils, udder and inguinal region. Tick infestation was more prevalent at the hot months of the year (8.36%), and the highest percent of infection with it was 8.26% at camels between 9-10 years of age, moreover, the highest prevalence of tick infestation was in Assiut Governorate (16.31%).
7.67% of camels with skin diseases were positive to trypanosoma infection by using blood film examination, meanwhile 31.95% were positive by using formol gel test, 30.35% were positive by using mercuric chloride test and 16.93% were positive by using thymol turbidity test. The percent of mixed infection of mange, pseudotuberculosis, contagious skin necrosis and skin abscesses with trypanosomosis were 40.9%, 50%, 64.86% and 55.6% respectively.
Summary
from July 2003 till July 2004, a total number of 2377 camels in different ages and sexes, and in different localities in Upper Egypt (El-Minea, Assiut, Sohage, El-Wady El Gadid, Aswan Governorates and Shalatin city) and in different seasons of the year. Of these camels, 313 cases were found with skin affections.
The different skin affections were classified according to the clinical observations and laboratory findings into: mange (4.84%), pseudotuberculosis (2.1%), contagious skin necrosis (1.56%), skin abscesses (1.14%) and tick infestation (5.9%).
One hundred and fifteen out of 2377 camels were demonstrating signs of mange in different parts of the animal body either in the acute or chronic stages of the disease in the form of severe itching, loss of hair, thickening and folding of the skin and in many cases skin became dark grey coloured. Examination of skin scrapings revealed that only three samples yielded mite parasite, one of these mites was sarcoptic mite and the other two mites could be identified as psoroptic mite.
In respect to seasonal influence, the percent of infection with mange was higher in hot months of the year (6.67%) than non hot months (3.19%). Meanwhile there was no significant difference in the percent of infection with mange in both sexes (non sex-linked disease). In regard to age susceptibility, the highest percent of infection with mange was 7.4% at camels between 7-8 years of age. Concerning spatial distribution, the highest prevalence of mange was found in El-Minea Governorate (17%).
Fifty out of 2377 examined camels showed signs of pseudotuberculosis, enlargement and suppuration of lymph nodes (ventral superficial cervical lymph, mandibular, axillary, accessory axillary and cubital lymph nodes). Some of the affected lymph nodes were hot, tender and slightly hard in consistency, meanwhile others were cold, tenderless and very hard in consistency. By incision, some abscesses discharged whitish or yellowish white caseo-purulent inspissated putty like material tinged with blood, other abscesses revealed no pus material. Bacteriological examination of pus samples revealed that Corynebacterium spp. was the predominant isolated bacteria either alone or mixed with other bacteria (53.7%).
Concerning seasonal influence, the percent of infection with pseudotuberculosis was nearly similar in hot (2.05%) and non hot months (2.15%) of the year, so season has no effect on occurrence of pseudotuberculosis. In regard to sex susceptibility, the percent of infection with pseudotuberculosis was higher in female camels (3.5%) than males (1.79%). Concerning age susceptibility, the highest percent of infection with pseudotuberculosis was 3.04% at camels between 9-10 years of age. Prevalence of pseudotuberculosis reached it’s peak at El Wady El Gadid Governorate (7.11%).
Thirty seven out of 2377 examined camels showed lesions of contagious skin necrosis in different parts of the animal body, these lesions appeared as areas of necrosed skin separated from the surrounding healthy skin, cold and very hard in consistency, when removed circular ulcer filled with white bloody pus remained. Microbiologically, the predominant isolated bacteria from these lesions was Staphylococcus aureus (60.61%).
In respect to seasonal influence, the percent of infection with contagious skin necrosis was high in hot months of the year (2.22%). Concerning sex susceptibility, there was no significant variation in the percent of infection with contagious skin necrosis in both sexes. In regard to age susceptibility, the highest percent of infection with contagious skin necrosis was 2.61% at camels between 9-10 years of age. Prevalence of contagious skin necrosis reached it’s peak at El Wady El Gadid Governorate (5.16%).
Skin abscesses were detected in twenty seven cases out of 2377 examined camels, either in the neck region, face and hind limb of the animal. These abscesses were rounded in shape, 5-7 cm in diameter , cold, painless and firm in consistency. Ruptured and incised abscesses contained thick, sticky yellow whitish pus tinged with blood. Bacteriological analysis of pus samples revealed that the predominant isolated Gram positive bacteria was Staphylococcus aureus, and Gram negative bacteria was Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
In regard to seasonal influence, the percent of infection with skin abscesses reached it’s peak at hot months of the year (1.6%). Concerning sex susceptibility, there was no significant variation in the percent of infection with skin abscesses in both sexes. In respect to age susceptibility, the highest percent of infection with skin abscesses was 2.17% at camels between 9-10 years of age. The highest prevalence of skin abscesses was 2.58% in El Wady El Gadid Governorate.
One hundred and forty out of 2377 camels were suffer from tick infestation and the most commonly affected sites were under the tail, around the anus, nostrils, udder and inguinal region. Tick infestation was more prevalent at the hot months of the year (8.36%), and the highest percent of infection with it was 8.26% at camels between 9-10 years of age, moreover, the highest prevalence of tick infestation was in Assiut Governorate (16.31%).
7.67% of camels with skin diseases were positive to trypanosoma infection by using blood film examination, meanwhile 31.95% were positive by using formol gel test, 30.35% were positive by using mercuric chloride test and 16.93% were positive by using thymol turbidity test. The percent of mixed infection of mange, pseudotuberculosis, contagious skin necrosis and skin abscesses with trypanosomosis were 40.9%, 50%, 64.86% and 55.6% respectively.
Summary
from July 2003 till July 2004, a total number of 2377 camels in different ages and sexes, and in different localities in Upper Egypt (El-Minea, Assiut, Sohage, El-Wady El Gadid, Aswan Governorates and Shalatin city) and in different seasons of the year. Of these camels, 313 cases were found with skin affections.
The different skin affections were classified according to the clinical observations and laboratory findings into: mange (4.84%), pseudotuberculosis (2.1%), contagious skin necrosis (1.56%), skin abscesses (1.14%) and tick infestation (5.9%).
One hundred and fifteen out of 2377 camels were demonstrating signs of mange in different parts of the animal body either in the acute or chronic stages of the disease in the form of severe itching, loss of hair, thickening and folding of the skin and in many cases skin became dark grey coloured. Examination of skin scrapings revealed that only three samples yielded mite parasite, one of these mites was sarcoptic mite and the other two mites could be identified as psoroptic mite.
In respect to seasonal influence, the percent of infection with mange was higher in hot months of the year (6.67%) than non hot months (3.19%). Meanwhile there was no significant difference in the percent of infection with mange in both sexes (non sex-linked disease). In regard to age susceptibility, the highest percent of infection with mange was 7.4% at camels between 7-8 years of age. Concerning spatial distribution, the highest prevalence of mange was found in El-Minea Governorate (17%).
Fifty out of 2377 examined camels showed signs of pseudotuberculosis, enlargement and suppuration of lymph nodes (ventral superficial cervical lymph, mandibular, axillary, accessory axillary and cubital lymph nodes). Some of the affected lymph nodes were hot, tender and slightly hard in consistency, meanwhile others were cold, tenderless and very hard in consistency. By incision, some abscesses discharged whitish or yellowish white caseo-purulent inspissated putty like material tinged with blood, other abscesses revealed no pus material. Bacteriological examination of pus samples revealed that Corynebacterium spp. was the predominant isolated bacteria either alone or mixed with other bacteria (53.7%).
Concerning seasonal influence, the percent of infection with pseudotuberculosis was nearly similar in hot (2.05%) and non hot months (2.15%) of the year, so season has no effect on occurrence of pseudotuberculosis. In regard to sex susceptibility, the percent of infection with pseudotuberculosis was higher in female camels (3.5%) than males (1.79%). Concerning age susceptibility, the highest percent of infection with pseudotuberculosis was 3.04% at camels between 9-10 years of age. Prevalence of pseudotuberculosis reached it’s peak at El Wady El Gadid Governorate (7.11%).
Thirty seven out of 2377 examined camels showed lesions of contagious skin necrosis in different parts of the animal body, these lesions appeared as areas of necrosed skin separated from the surrounding healthy skin, cold and very hard in consistency, when removed circular ulcer filled with white bloody pus remained. Microbiologically, the predominant isolated bacteria from these lesions was Staphylococcus aureus (60.61%).
In respect to seasonal influence, the percent of infection with contagious skin necrosis was high in hot months of the year (2.22%). Concerning sex susceptibility, there was no significant variation in the percent of infection with contagious skin necrosis in both sexes. In regard to age susceptibility, the highest percent of infection with contagious skin necrosis was 2.61% at camels between 9-10 years of age. Prevalence of contagious skin necrosis reached it’s peak at El Wady El Gadid Governorate (5.16%).
Skin abscesses were detected in twenty seven cases out of 2377 examined camels, either in the neck region, face and hind limb of the animal. These abscesses were rounded in shape, 5-7 cm in diameter , cold, painless and firm in consistency. Ruptured and incised abscesses contained thick, sticky yellow whitish pus tinged with blood. Bacteriological analysis of pus samples revealed that the predominant isolated Gram positive bacteria was Staphylococcus aureus, and Gram negative bacteria was Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
In regard to seasonal influence, the percent of infection with skin abscesses reached it’s peak at hot months of the year (1.6%). Concerning sex susceptibility, there was no significant variation in the percent of infection with skin abscesses in both sexes. In respect to age susceptibility, the highest percent of infection with skin abscesses was 2.17% at camels between 9-10 years of age. The highest prevalence of skin abscesses was 2.58% in El Wady El Gadid Governorate.
One hundred and forty out of 2377 camels were suffer from tick infestation and the most commonly affected sites were under the tail, around the anus, nostrils, udder and inguinal region. Tick infestation was more prevalent at the hot months of the year (8.36%), and the highest percent of infection with it was 8.26% at camels between 9-10 years of age, moreover, the highest prevalence of tick infestation was in Assiut Governorate (16.31%).
7.67% of camels with skin diseases were positive to trypanosoma infection by using blood film examination, meanwhile 31.95% were positive by using formol gel test, 30.35% were positive by using mercuric chloride test and 16.93% were positive by using thymol turbidity test. The percent of mixed infection of mange, pseudotuberculosis, contagious skin necrosis and skin abscesses with trypanosomosis were 40.9%, 50%, 64.86% and 55.6% respectively.
Summary
from July 2003 till July 2004, a total number of 2377 camels in different ages and sexes, and in different localities in Upper Egypt (El-Minea, Assiut, Sohage, El-Wady El Gadid, Aswan Governorates and Shalatin city) and in different seasons of the year. Of these camels, 313 cases were found with skin affections.
The different skin affections were classified according to the clinical observations and laboratory findings into: mange (4.84%), pseudotuberculosis (2.1%), contagious skin necrosis (1.56%), skin abscesses (1.14%) and tick infestation (5.9%).
One hundred and fifteen out of 2377 camels were demonstrating signs of mange in different parts of the animal body either in the acute or chronic stages of the disease in the form of severe itching, loss of hair, thickening and folding of the skin and in many cases skin became dark grey coloured. Examination of skin scrapings revealed that only three samples yielded mite parasite, one of these mites was sarcoptic mite and the other two mites could be identified as psoroptic mite.
In respect to seasonal influence, the percent of infection with mange was higher in hot months of the year (6.67%) than non hot months (3.19%). Meanwhile there was no significant difference in the percent of infection with mange in both sexes (non sex-linked disease). In regard to age susceptibility, the highest percent of infection with mange was 7.4% at camels between 7-8 years of age. Concerning spatial distribution, the highest prevalence of mange was found in El-Minea Governorate (17%).
Fifty out of 2377 examined camels showed signs of pseudotuberculosis, enlargement and suppuration of lymph nodes (ventral superficial cervical lymph, mandibular, axillary, accessory axillary and cubital lymph nodes). Some of the affected lymph nodes were hot, tender and slightly hard in consistency, meanwhile others were cold, tenderless and very hard in consistency. By incision, some abscesses discharged whitish or yellowish white caseo-purulent inspissated putty like material tinged with blood, other abscesses revealed no pus material. Bacteriological examination of pus samples revealed that Corynebacterium spp. was the predominant isolated bacteria either alone or mixed with other bacteria (53.7%).
Concerning seasonal influence, the percent of infection with pseudotuberculosis was nearly similar in hot (2.05%) and non hot months (2.15%) of the year, so season has no effect on occurrence of pseudotuberculosis. In regard to sex susceptibility, the percent of infection with pseudotuberculosis was higher in female camels (3.5%) than males (1.79%). Concerning age susceptibility, the highest percent of infection with pseudotuberculosis was 3.04% at camels between 9-10 years of age. Prevalence of pseudotuberculosis reached it’s peak at El Wady El Gadid Governorate (7.11%).
Thirty seven out of 2377 examined camels showed lesions of contagious skin necrosis in different parts of the animal body, these lesions appeared as areas of necrosed skin separated from the surrounding healthy skin, cold and very hard in consistency, when removed circular ulcer filled with white bloody pus remained. Microbiologically, the predominant isolated bacteria from these lesions was Staphylococcus aureus (60.61%).
In respect to seasonal influence, the percent of infection with contagious skin necrosis was high in hot months of the year (2.22%). Concerning sex susceptibility, there was no significant variation in the percent of infection with contagious skin necrosis in both sexes. In regard to age susceptibility, the highest percent of infection with contagious skin necrosis was 2.61% at camels between 9-10 years of age. Prevalence of contagious skin necrosis reached it’s peak at El Wady El Gadid Governorate (5.16%).
Skin abscesses were detected in twenty seven cases out of 2377 examined camels, either in the neck region, face and hind limb of the animal. These abscesses were rounded in shape, 5-7 cm in diameter , cold, painless and firm in consistency. Ruptured and incised abscesses contained thick, sticky yellow whitish pus tinged with blood. Bacteriological analysis of pus samples revealed that the predominant isolated Gram positive bacteria was Staphylococcus aureus, and Gram negative bacteria was Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
In regard to seasonal influence, the percent of infection with skin abscesses reached it’s peak at hot months of the year (1.6%). Concerning sex susceptibility, there was no significant variation in the percent of infection with skin abscesses in both sexes. In respect to age susceptibility, the highest percent of infection with skin abscesses was 2.17% at camels between 9-10 years of age. The highest prevalence of skin abscesses was 2.58% in El Wady El Gadid Governorate.
One hundred and forty out of 2377 camels were suffer from tick infestation and the most commonly affected sites were under the tail, around the anus, nostrils, udder and inguinal region. Tick infestation was more prevalent at the hot months of the year (8.36%), and the highest percent of infection with it was 8.26% at camels between 9-10 years of age, moreover, the highest prevalence of tick infestation was in Assiut Governorate (16.31%).
7.67% of camels with skin diseases were positive to trypanosoma infection by using blood film examination, meanwhile 31.95% were positive by using formol gel test, 30.35% were positive by using mercuric chloride test and 16.93% were positive by using thymol turbidity test. The percent of mixed infection of mange, pseudotuberculosis, contagious skin necrosis and skin abscesses with trypanosomosis were 40.9%, 50%, 64.86% and 55.6% respectively.
Summary
from July 2003 till July 2004, a total number of 2377 camels in different ages and sexes, and in different localities in Upper Egypt (El-Minea, Assiut, Sohage, El-Wady El Gadid, Aswan Governorates and Shalatin city) and in different seasons of the year. Of these camels, 313 cases were found with skin affections.
The different skin affections were classified according to the clinical observations and laboratory findings into: mange (4.84%), pseudotuberculosis (2.1%), contagious skin necrosis (1.56%), skin abscesses (1.14%) and tick infestation (5.9%).
One hundred and fifteen out of 2377 camels were demonstrating signs of mange in different parts of the animal body either in the acute or chronic stages of the disease in the form of severe itching, loss of hair, thickening and folding of the skin and in many cases skin became dark grey coloured. Examination of skin scrapings revealed that only three samples yielded mite parasite, one of these mites was sarcoptic mite and the other two mites could be identified as psoroptic mite.
In respect to seasonal influence, the percent of infection with mange was higher in hot months of the year (6.67%) than non hot months (3.19%). Meanwhile there was no significant difference in the percent of infection with mange in both sexes (non sex-linked disease). In regard to age susceptibility, the highest percent of infection with mange was 7.4% at camels between 7-8 years of age. Concerning spatial distribution, the highest prevalence of mange was found in El-Minea Governorate (17%).
Fifty out of 2377 examined camels showed signs of pseudotuberculosis, enlargement and suppuration of lymph nodes (ventral superficial cervical lymph, mandibular, axillary, accessory axillary and cubital lymph nodes). Some of the affected lymph nodes were hot, tender and slightly hard in consistency, meanwhile others were cold, tenderless and very hard in consistency. By incision, some abscesses discharged whitish or yellowish white caseo-purulent inspissated putty like material tinged with blood, other abscesses revealed no pus material. Bacteriological examination of pus samples revealed that Corynebacterium spp. was the predominant isolated bacteria either alone or mixed with other bacteria (53.7%).
Concerning seasonal influence, the percent of infection with pseudotuberculosis was nearly similar in hot (2.05%) and non hot months (2.15%) of the year, so season has no effect on occurrence of pseudotuberculosis. In regard to sex susceptibility, the percent of infection with pseudotuberculosis was higher in female camels (3.5%) than males (1.79%). Concerning age susceptibility, the highest percent of infection with pseudotuberculosis was 3.04% at camels between 9-10 years of age. Prevalence of pseudotuberculosis reached it’s peak at El Wady El Gadid Governorate (7.11%).
Thirty seven out of 2377 examined camels showed lesions of contagious skin necrosis in different parts of the animal body, these lesions appeared as areas of necrosed skin separated from the surrounding healthy skin, cold and very hard in consistency, when removed circular ulcer filled with white bloody pus remained. Microbiologically, the predominant isolated bacteria from these lesions was Staphylococcus aureus (60.61%).
In respect to seasonal influence, the percent of infection with contagious skin necrosis was high in hot months of the year (2.22%). Concerning sex susceptibility, there was no significant variation in the percent of infection with contagious skin necrosis in both sexes. In regard to age susceptibility, the highest percent of infection with contagious skin necrosis was 2.61% at camels between 9-10 years of age. Prevalence of contagious skin necrosis reached it’s peak at El Wady El Gadid Governorate (5.16%).
Skin abscesses were detected in twenty seven cases out of 2377 examined camels, either in the neck region, face and hind limb of the animal. These abscesses were rounded in shape, 5-7 cm in diameter , cold, painless and firm in consistency. Ruptured and incised abscesses contained thick, sticky yellow whitish pus tinged with blood. Bacteriological analysis of pus samples revealed that the predominant isolated Gram positive bacteria was Staphylococcus aureus, and Gram negative bacteria was Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
In regard to seasonal influence, the percent of infection with skin abscesses reached it’s peak at hot months of the year (1.6%). Concerning sex susceptibility, there was no significant variation in the percent of infection with skin abscesses in both sexes. In respect to age susceptibility, the highest percent of infection with skin abscesses was 2.17% at camels between 9-10 years of age. The highest prevalence of skin abscesses was 2.58% in El Wady El Gadid Governorate.
One hundred and forty out of 2377 camels were suffer from tick infestation and the most commonly affected sites were under the tail, around the anus, nostrils, udder and inguinal region. Tick infestation was more prevalent at the hot months of the year (8.36%), and the highest percent of infection with it was 8.26% at camels between 9-10 years of age, moreover, the highest prevalence of tick infestation was in Assiut Governorate (16.31%).
7.67% of camels with skin diseases were positive to trypanosoma infection by using blood film examination, meanwhile 31.95% were positive by using formol gel test, 30.35% were positive by using mercuric chloride test and 16.93% were positive by using thymol turbidity test. The percent of mixed infection of mange, pseudotuberculosis, contagious skin necrosis and skin abscesses with trypanosomosis were 40.9%, 50%, 64.86% and 55.6% respectively.
Summary
from July 2003 till July 2004, a total number of 2377 camels in different ages and sexes, and in different localities in Upper Egypt (El-Minea, Assiut, Sohage, El-Wady El Gadid, Aswan Governorates and Shalatin city) and in different seasons of the year. Of these camels, 313 cases were found with skin affections.
The different skin affections were classified according to the clinical observations and laboratory findings into: mange (4.84%), pseudotuberculosis (2.1%), contagious skin necrosis (1.56%), skin abscesses (1.14%) and tick infestation (5.9%).
One hundred and fifteen out of 2377 camels were demonstrating signs of mange in different parts of the animal body either in the acute or chronic stages of the disease in the form of severe itching, loss of hair, thickening and folding of the skin and in many cases skin became dark grey coloured. Examination of skin scrapings revealed that only three samples yielded mite parasite, one of these mites was sarcoptic mite and the other two mites could be identified as psoroptic mite.
In respect to seasonal influence, the percent of infection with mange was higher in hot months of the year (6.67%) than non hot months (3.19%). Meanwhile there was no significant difference in the percent of infection with mange in both sexes (non sex-linked disease). In regard to age susceptibility, the highest percent of infection with mange was 7.4% at camels between 7-8 years of age. Concerning spatial distribution, the highest prevalence of mange was found in El-Minea Governorate (17%).
Fifty out of 2377 examined camels showed signs of pseudotuberculosis, enlargement and suppuration of lymph nodes (ventral superficial cervical lymph, mandibular, axillary, accessory axillary and cubital lymph nodes). Some of the affected lymph nodes were hot, tender and slightly hard in consistency, meanwhile others were cold, tenderless and very hard in consistency. By incision, some abscesses discharged whitish or yellowish white caseo-purulent inspissated putty like material tinged with blood, other abscesses revealed no pus material. Bacteriological examination of pus samples revealed that Corynebacterium spp. was the predominant isolated bacteria either alone or mixed with other bacteria (53.7%).
Concerning seasonal influence, the percent of infection with pseudotuberculosis was nearly similar in hot (2.05%) and non hot months (2.15%) of the year, so season has no effect on occurrence of pseudotuberculosis. In regard to sex susceptibility, the percent of infection with pseudotuberculosis was higher in female camels (3.5%) than males (1.79%). Concerning age susceptibility, the highest percent of infection with pseudotuberculosis was 3.04% at camels between 9-10 years of age. Prevalence of pseudotuberculosis reached it’s peak at El Wady El Gadid Governorate (7.11%).
Thirty seven out of 2377 examined camels showed lesions of contagious skin necrosis in different parts of the animal body, these lesions appeared as areas of necrosed skin separated from the surrounding healthy skin, cold and very hard in consistency, when removed circular ulcer filled with white bloody pus remained. Microbiologically, the predominant isolated bacteria from these lesions was Staphylococcus aureus (60.61%).
In respect to seasonal influence, the percent of infection with contagious skin necrosis was high in hot months of the year (2.22%). Concerning sex susceptibility, there was no significant variation in the percent of infection with contagious skin necrosis in both sexes. In regard to age susceptibility, the highest percent of infection with contagious skin necrosis was 2.61% at camels between 9-10 years of age. Prevalence of contagious skin necrosis reached it’s peak at El Wady El Gadid Governorate (5.16%).
Skin abscesses were detected in twenty seven cases out of 2377 examined camels, either in the neck region, face and hind limb of the animal. These abscesses were rounded in shape, 5-7 cm in diameter , cold, painless and firm in consistency. Ruptured and incised abscesses contained thick, sticky yellow whitish pus tinged with blood. Bacteriological analysis of pus samples revealed that the predominant isolated Gram positive bacteria was Staphylococcus aureus, and Gram negative bacteria was Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
In regard to seasonal influence, the percent of infection with skin abscesses reached it’s peak at hot months of the year (1.6%). Concerning sex susceptibility, there was no significant variation in the percent of infection with skin abscesses in both sexes. In respect to age susceptibility, the highest percent of infection with skin abscesses was 2.17% at camels between 9-10 years of age. The highest prevalence of skin abscesses was 2.58% in El Wady El Gadid Governorate.
One hundred and forty out of 2377 camels were suffer from tick infestation and the most commonly affected sites were under the tail, around the anus, nostrils, udder and inguinal region. Tick infestation was more prevalent at the hot months of the year (8.36%), and the highest percent of infection with it was 8.26% at camels between 9-10 years of age, moreover, the highest prevalence of tick infestation was in Assiut Governorate (16.31%).
7.67% of camels with skin diseases were positive to trypanosoma infection by using blood film examination, meanwhile 31.95% were positive by using formol gel test, 30.35% were positive by using mercuric chloride test and 16.93% were positive by using thymol turbidity test. The percent of mixed infection of mange, pseudotuberculosis, contagious skin necrosis and skin abscesses with trypanosomosis were 40.9%, 50%, 64.86% and 55.6% respectively.
Summary
from July 2003 till July 2004, a total number of 2377 camels in different ages and sexes, and in different localities in Upper Egypt (El-Minea, Assiut, Sohage, El-Wady El Gadid, Aswan Governorates and Shalatin city) and in different seasons of the year. Of these camels, 313 cases were found with skin affections.
The different skin affections were classified according to the clinical observations and laboratory findings into: mange (4.84%), pseudotuberculosis (2.1%), contagious skin necrosis (1.56%), skin abscesses (1.14%) and tick infestation (5.9%).
One hundred and fifteen out of 2377 camels were demonstrating signs of mange in different parts of the animal body either in the acute or chronic stages of the disease in the form of severe itching, loss of hair, thickening and folding of the skin and in many cases skin became dark grey coloured. Examination of skin scrapings revealed that only three samples yielded mite parasite, one of these mites was sarcoptic mite and the other two mites could be identified as psoroptic mite.
In respect to seasonal influence, the percent of infection with mange was higher in hot months of the year (6.67%) than non hot months (3.19%). Meanwhile there was no significant difference in the percent of infection with mange in both sexes (non sex-linked disease). In regard to age susceptibility, the highest percent of infection with mange was 7.4% at camels between 7-8 years of age. Concerning spatial distribution, the highest prevalence of mange was found in El-Minea Governorate (17%).
Fifty out of 2377 examined camels showed signs of pseudotuberculosis, enlargement and suppuration of lymph nodes (ventral superficial cervical lymph, mandibular, axillary, accessory axillary and cubital lymph nodes). Some of the affected lymph nodes were hot, tender and slightly hard in consistency, meanwhile others were cold, tenderless and very hard in consistency. By incision, some abscesses discharged whitish or yellowish white caseo-purulent inspissated putty like material tinged with blood, other abscesses revealed no pus material. Bacteriological examination of pus samples revealed that Corynebacterium spp. was the predominant isolated bacteria either alone or mixed with other bacteria (53.7%).
Concerning seasonal influence, the percent of infection with pseudotuberculosis was nearly similar in hot (2.05%) and non hot months (2.15%) of the year, so season has no effect on occurrence of pseudotuberculosis. In regard to sex susceptibility, the percent of infection with pseudotuberculosis was higher in female camels (3.5%) than males (1.79%). Concerning age susceptibility, the highest percent of infection with pseudotuberculosis was 3.04% at camels between 9-10 years of age. Prevalence of pseudotuberculosis reached it’s peak at El Wady El Gadid Governorate (7.11%).
Thirty seven out of 2377 examined camels showed lesions of contagious skin necrosis in different parts of the animal body, these lesions appeared as areas of necrosed skin separated from the surrounding healthy skin, cold and very hard in consistency, when removed circular ulcer filled with white bloody pus remained. Microbiologically, the predominant isolated bacteria from these lesions was Staphylococcus aureus (60.61%).
In respect to seasonal influence, the percent of infection with contagious skin necrosis was high in hot months of the year (2.22%). Concerning sex susceptibility, there was no significant variation in the percent of infection with contagious skin necrosis in both sexes. In regard to age susceptibility, the highest percent of infection with contagious skin necrosis was 2.61% at camels between 9-10 years of age. Prevalence of contagious skin necrosis reached it’s peak at El Wady El Gadid Governorate (5.16%).
Skin abscesses were detected in twenty seven cases out of 2377 examined camels, either in the neck region, face and hind limb of the animal. These abscesses were rounded in shape, 5-7 cm in diameter , cold, painless and firm in consistency. Ruptured and incised abscesses contained thick, sticky yellow whitish pus tinged with blood. Bacteriological analysis of pus samples revealed that the predominant isolated Gram positive bacteria was Staphylococcus aureus, and Gram negative bacteria was Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
In regard to seasonal influence, the percent of infection with skin abscesses reached it’s peak at hot months of the year (1.6%). Concerning sex susceptibility, there was no significant variation in the percent of infection with skin abscesses in both sexes. In respect to age susceptibility, the highest percent of infection with skin abscesses was 2.17% at camels between 9-10 years of age. The highest prevalence of skin abscesses was 2.58% in El Wady El Gadid Governorate.
One hundred and forty out of 2377 camels were suffer from tick infestation and the most commonly affected sites were under the tail, around the anus, nostrils, udder and inguinal region. Tick infestation was more prevalent at the hot months of the year (8.36%), and the highest percent of infection with it was 8.26% at camels between 9-10 years of age, moreover, the highest prevalence of tick infestation was in Assiut Governorate (16.31%).
7.67% of camels with skin diseases were positive to trypanosoma infection by using blood film examination, meanwhile 31.95% were positive by using formol gel test, 30.35% were positive by using mercuric chloride test and 16.93% were positive by using thymol turbidity test. The percent of mixed infection of mange, pseudotuberculosis, contagious skin necrosis and skin abscesses with trypanosomosis were 40.9%, 50%, 64.86% and 55.6% respectively.
Summary
from July 2003 till July 2004, a total number of 2377 camels in different ages and sexes, and in different localities in Upper Egypt (El-Minea, Assiut, Sohage, El-Wady El Gadid, Aswan Governorates and Shalatin city) and in different seasons of the year. Of these camels, 313 cases were found with skin affections.
The different skin affections were classified according to the clinical observations and laboratory findings into: mange (4.84%), pseudotuberculosis (2.1%), contagious skin necrosis (1.56%), skin abscesses (1.14%) and tick infestation (5.9%).
One hundred and fifteen out of 2377 camels were demonstrating signs of mange in different parts of the animal body either in the acute or chronic stages of the disease in the form of severe itching, loss of hair, thickening and folding of the skin and in many cases skin became dark grey coloured. Examination of skin scrapings revealed that only three samples yielded mite parasite, one of these mites was sarcoptic mite and the other two mites could be identified as psoroptic mite.
In respect to seasonal influence, the percent of infection with mange was higher in hot months of the year (6.67%) than non hot months (3.19%). Meanwhile there was no significant difference in the percent of infection with mange in both sexes (non sex-linked disease). In regard to age susceptibility, the highest percent of infection with mange was 7.4% at camels between 7-8 years of age. Concerning spatial distribution, the highest prevalence of mange was found in El-Minea Governorate (17%).
Fifty out of 2377 examined camels showed signs of pseudotuberculosis, enlargement and suppuration of lymph nodes (ventral superficial cervical lymph, mandibular, axillary, accessory axillary and cubital lymph nodes). Some of the affected lymph nodes were hot, tender and slightly hard in consistency, meanwhile others were cold, tenderless and very hard in consistency. By incision, some abscesses discharged whitish or yellowish white caseo-purulent inspissated putty like material tinged with blood, other abscesses revealed no pus material. Bacteriological examination of pus samples revealed that Corynebacterium spp. was the predominant isolated bacteria either alone or mixed with other bacteria (53.7%).
Concerning seasonal influence, the percent of infection with pseudotuberculosis was nearly similar in hot (2.05%) and non hot months (2.15%) of the year, so season has no effect on occurrence of pseudotuberculosis. In regard to sex susceptibility, the percent of infection with pseudotuberculosis was higher in female camels (3.5%) than males (1.79%). Concerning age susceptibility, the highest percent of infection with pseudotuberculosis was 3.04% at camels between 9-10 years of age. Prevalence of pseudotuberculosis reached it’s peak at El Wady El Gadid Governorate (7.11%).
Thirty seven out of 2377 examined camels showed lesions of contagious skin necrosis in different parts of the animal body, these lesions appeared as areas of necrosed skin separated from the surrounding healthy skin, cold and very hard in consistency, when removed circular ulcer filled with white bloody pus remained. Microbiologically, the predominant isolated bacteria from these lesions was Staphylococcus aureus (60.61%).
In respect to seasonal influence, the percent of infection with contagious skin necrosis was high in hot months of the year (2.22%). Concerning sex susceptibility, there was no significant variation in the percent of infection with contagious skin necrosis in both sexes. In regard to age susceptibility, the highest percent of infection with contagious skin necrosis was 2.61% at camels between 9-10 years of age. Prevalence of contagious skin necrosis reached it’s peak at El Wady El Gadid Governorate (5.16%).
Skin abscesses were detected in twenty seven cases out of 2377 examined camels, either in the neck region, face and hind limb of the animal. These abscesses were rounded in shape, 5-7 cm in diameter , cold, painless and firm in consistency. Ruptured and incised abscesses contained thick, sticky yellow whitish pus tinged with blood. Bacteriological analysis of pus samples revealed that the predominant isolated Gram positive bacteria was Staphylococcus aureus, and Gram negative bacteria was Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
In regard to seasonal influence, the percent of infection with skin abscesses reached it’s peak at hot months of the year (1.6%). Concerning sex susceptibility, there was no significant variation in the percent of infection with skin abscesses in both sexes. In respect to age susceptibility, the highest percent of infection with skin abscesses was 2.17% at camels between 9-10 years of age. The highest prevalence of skin abscesses was 2.58% in El Wady El Gadid Governorate.
One hundred and forty out of 2377 camels were suffer from tick infestation and the most commonly affected sites were under the tail, around the anus, nostrils, udder and inguinal region. Tick infestation was more prevalent at the hot months of the year (8.36%), and the highest percent of infection with it was 8.26% at camels between 9-10 years of age, moreover, the highest prevalence of tick infestation was in Assiut Governorate (16.31%).
7.67% of camels with skin diseases were positive to trypanosoma infection by using blood film examination, meanwhile 31.95% were positive by using formol gel test, 30.35% were positive by using mercuric chloride test and 16.93% were positive by using thymol turbidity test. The percent of mixed infection of mange, pseudotuberculosis, contagious skin necrosis and skin abscesses with trypanosomosis were 40.9%, 50%, 64.86% and 55.6% respectively.
Summary
from July 2003 till July 2004, a total number of 2377 camels in different ages and sexes, and in different localities in Upper Egypt (El-Minea, Assiut, Sohage, El-Wady El Gadid, Aswan Governorates and Shalatin city) and in different seasons of the year. Of these camels, 313 cases were found with skin affections.
The different skin affections were classified according to the clinical observations and laboratory findings into: mange (4.84%), pseudotuberculosis (2.1%), contagious skin necrosis (1.56%), skin abscesses (1.14%) and tick infestation (5.9%).
One hundred and fifteen out of 2377 camels were demonstrating signs of mange in different parts of the animal body either in the acute or chronic stages of the disease in the form of severe itching, loss of hair, thickening and folding of the skin and in many cases skin became dark grey coloured. Examination of skin scrapings revealed that only three samples yielded mite parasite, one of these mites was sarcoptic mite and the other two mites could be identified as psoroptic mite.
In respect to seasonal influence, the percent of infection with mange was higher in hot months of the year (6.67%) than non hot months (3.19%). Meanwhile there was no significant difference in the percent of infection with mange in both sexes (non sex-linked disease). In regard to age susceptibility, the highest percent of infection with mange was 7.4% at camels between 7-8 years of age. Concerning spatial distribution, the highest prevalence of mange was found in El-Minea Governorate (17%).
Fifty out of 2377 examined camels showed signs of pseudotuberculosis, enlargement and suppuration of lymph nodes (ventral superficial cervical lymph, mandibular, axillary, accessory axillary and cubital lymph nodes). Some of the affected lymph nodes were hot, tender and slightly hard in consistency, meanwhile others were cold, tenderless and very hard in consistency. By incision, some abscesses discharged whitish or yellowish white caseo-purulent inspissated putty like material tinged with blood, other abscesses revealed no pus material. Bacteriological examination of pus samples revealed that Corynebacterium spp. was the predominant isolated bacteria either alone or mixed with other bacteria (53.7%).
Concerning seasonal influence, the percent of infection with pseudotuberculosis was nearly similar in hot (2.05%) and non hot months (2.15%) of the year, so season has no effect on occurrence of pseudotuberculosis. In regard to sex susceptibility, the percent of infection with pseudotuberculosis was higher in female camels (3.5%) than males (1.79%). Concerning age susceptibility, the highest percent of infection with pseudotuberculosis was 3.04% at camels between 9-10 years of age. Prevalence of pseudotuberculosis reached it’s peak at El Wady El Gadid Governorate (7.11%).
Thirty seven out of 2377 examined camels showed lesions of contagious skin necrosis in different parts of the animal body, these lesions appeared as areas of necrosed skin separated from the surrounding healthy skin, cold and very hard in consistency, when removed circular ulcer filled with white bloody pus remained. Microbiologically, the predominant isolated bacteria from these lesions was Staphylococcus aureus (60.61%).
In respect to seasonal influence, the percent of infection with contagious skin necrosis was high in hot months of the year (2.22%). Concerning sex susceptibility, there was no significant variation in the percent of infection with contagious skin necrosis in both sexes. In regard to age susceptibility, the highest percent of infection with contagious skin necrosis was 2.61% at camels between 9-10 years of age. Prevalence of contagious skin necrosis reached it’s peak at El Wady El Gadid Governorate (5.16%).
Skin abscesses were detected in twenty seven cases out of 2377 examined camels, either in the neck region, face and hind limb of the animal. These abscesses were rounded in shape, 5-7 cm in diameter , cold, painless and firm in consistency. Ruptured and incised abscesses contained thick, sticky yellow whitish pus tinged with blood. Bacteriological analysis of pus samples revealed that the predominant isolated Gram positive bacteria was Staphylococcus aureus, and Gram negative bacteria was Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
In regard to seasonal influence, the percent of infection with skin abscesses reached it’s peak at hot months of the year (1.6%). Concerning sex susceptibility, there was no significant variation in the percent of infection with skin abscesses in both sexes. In respect to age susceptibility, the highest percent of infection with skin abscesses was 2.17% at camels between 9-10 years of age. The highest prevalence of skin abscesses was 2.58% in El Wady El Gadid Governorate.
One hundred and forty out of 2377 camels were suffer from tick infestation and the most commonly affected sites were under the tail, around the anus, nostrils, udder and inguinal region. Tick infestation was more prevalent at the hot months of the year (8.36%), and the highest percent of infection with it was 8.26% at camels between 9-10 years of age, moreover, the highest prevalence of tick infestation was in Assiut Governorate (16.31%).
7.67% of camels with skin diseases were positive to trypanosoma infection by using blood film examination, meanwhile 31.95% were positive by using formol gel test, 30.35% were positive by using mercuric chloride test and 16.93% were positive by using thymol turbidity test. The percent of mixed infection of mange, pseudotuberculosis, contagious skin necrosis and skin abscesses with trypanosomosis were 40.9%, 50%, 64.86% and 55.6% respectively.
Summary
from July 2003 till July 2004, a total number of 2377 camels in different ages and sexes, and in different localities in Upper Egypt (El-Minea, Assiut, Sohage, El-Wady El Gadid, Aswan Governorates and Shalatin city) and in different seasons of the year. Of these camels, 313 cases were found with skin affections.
The different skin affections were classified according to the clinical observations and laboratory findings into: mange (4.84%), pseudotuberculosis (2.1%), contagious skin necrosis (1.56%), skin abscesses (1.14%) and tick infestation (5.9%).
One hundred and fifteen out of 2377 camels were demonstrating signs of mange in different parts of the animal body either in the acute or chronic stages of the disease in the form of severe itching, loss of hair, thickening and folding of the skin and in many cases skin became dark grey coloured. Examination of skin scrapings revealed that only three samples yielded mite parasite, one of these mites was sarcoptic mite and the other two mites could be identified as psoroptic mite.
In respect to seasonal influence, the percent of infection with mange was higher in hot months of the year (6.67%) than non hot months (3.19%). Meanwhile there was no significant difference in the percent of infection with mange in both sexes (non sex-linked disease). In regard to age susceptibility, the highest percent of infection with mange was 7.4% at camels between 7-8 years of age. Concerning spatial distribution, the highest prevalence of mange was found in El-Minea Governorate (17%).
Fifty out of 2377 examined camels showed signs of pseudotuberculosis, enlargement and suppuration of lymph nodes (ventral superficial cervical lymph, mandibular, axillary, accessory axillary and cubital lymph nodes). Some of the affected lymph nodes were hot, tender and slightly hard in consistency, meanwhile others were cold, tenderless and very hard in consistency. By incision, some abscesses discharged whitish or yellowish white caseo-purulent inspissated putty like material tinged with blood, other abscesses revealed no pus material. Bacteriological examination of pus samples revealed that Corynebacterium spp. was the predominant isolated bacteria either alone or mixed with other bacteria (53.7%).
Concerning seasonal influence, the percent of infection with pseudotuberculosis was nearly similar in hot (2.05%) and non hot months (2.15%) of the year, so season has no effect on occurrence of pseudotuberculosis. In regard to sex susceptibility, the percent of infection with pseudotuberculosis was higher in female camels (3.5%) than males (1.79%). Concerning age susceptibility, the highest percent of infection with pseudotuberculosis was 3.04% at camels between 9-10 years of age. Prevalence of pseudotuberculosis reached it’s peak at El Wady El Gadid Governorate (7.11%).
Thirty seven out of 2377 examined camels showed lesions of contagious skin necrosis in different parts of the animal body, these lesions appeared as areas of necrosed skin separated from the surrounding healthy skin, cold and very hard in consistency, when removed circular ulcer filled with white bloody pus remained. Microbiologically, the predominant isolated bacteria from these lesions was Staphylococcus aureus (60.61%).
In respect to seasonal influence, the percent of infection with contagious skin necrosis was high in hot months of the year (2.22%). Concerning sex susceptibility, there was no significant variation in the percent of infection with contagious skin necrosis in both sexes. In regard to age susceptibility, the highest percent of infection with contagious skin necrosis was 2.61% at camels between 9-10 years of age. Prevalence of contagious skin necrosis reached it’s peak at El Wady El Gadid Governorate (5.16%).
Skin abscesses were detected in twenty seven cases out of 2377 examined camels, either in the neck region, face and hind limb of the animal. These abscesses were rounded in shape, 5-7 cm in diameter , cold, painless and firm in consistency. Ruptured and incised abscesses contained thick, sticky yellow whitish pus tinged with blood. Bacteriological analysis of pus samples revealed that the predominant isolated Gram positive bacteria was Staphylococcus aureus, and Gram negative bacteria was Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
In regard to seasonal influence, the percent of infection with skin abscesses reached it’s peak at hot months of the year (1.6%). Concerning sex susceptibility, there was no significant variation in the percent of infection with skin abscesses in both sexes. In respect to age susceptibility, the highest percent of infection with skin abscesses was 2.17% at camels between 9-10 years of age. The highest prevalence of skin abscesses was 2.58% in El Wady El Gadid Governorate.
One hundred and forty out of 2377 camels were suffer from tick infestation and the most commonly affected sites were under the tail, around the anus, nostrils, udder and inguinal region. Tick infestation was more prevalent at the hot months of the year (8.36%), and the highest percent of infection with it was 8.26% at camels between 9-10 years of age, moreover, the highest prevalence of tick infestation was in Assiut Governorate (16.31%).
7.67% of camels with skin diseases were positive to trypanosoma infection by using blood film examination, meanwhile 31.95% were positive by using formol gel test, 30.35% were positive by using mercuric chloride test and 16.93% were positive by using thymol turbidity test. The percent of mixed infection of mange, pseudotuberculosis, contagious skin necrosis and skin abscesses with trypanosomosis were 40.9%, 50%, 64.86% and 55.6% respectively.
Summary
from July 2003 till July 2004, a total number of 2377 camels in different ages and sexes, and in different localities in Upper Egypt (El-Minea, Assiut, Sohage, El-Wady El Gadid, Aswan Governorates and Shalatin city) and in different seasons of the year. Of these camels, 313 cases were found with skin affections.
The different skin affections were classified according to the clinical observations and laboratory findings into: mange (4.84%), pseudotuberculosis (2.1%), contagious skin necrosis (1.56%), skin abscesses (1.14%) and tick infestation (5.9%).
One hundred and fifteen out of 2377 camels were demonstrating signs of mange in different parts of the animal body either in the acute or chronic stages of the disease in the form of severe itching, loss of hair, thickening and folding of the skin and in many cases skin became dark grey coloured. Examination of skin scrapings revealed that only three samples yielded mite parasite, one of these mites was sarcoptic mite and the other two mites could be identified as psoroptic mite.
In respect to seasonal influence, the percent of infection with mange was higher in hot months of the year (6.67%) than non hot months (3.19%). Meanwhile there was no significant difference in the percent of infection with mange in both sexes (non sex-linked disease). In regard to age susceptibility, the highest percent of infection with mange was 7.4% at camels between 7-8 years of age. Concerning spatial distribution, the highest prevalence of mange was found in El-Minea Governorate (17%).
Fifty out of 2377 examined camels showed signs of pseudotuberculosis, enlargement and suppuration of lymph nodes (ventral superficial cervical lymph, mandibular, axillary, accessory axillary and cubital lymph nodes). Some of the affected lymph nodes were hot, tender and slightly hard in consistency, meanwhile others were cold, tenderless and very hard in consistency. By incision, some abscesses discharged whitish or yellowish white caseo-purulent inspissated putty like material tinged with blood, other abscesses revealed no pus material. Bacteriological examination of pus samples revealed that Corynebacterium spp. was the predominant isolated bacteria either alone or mixed with other bacteria (53.7%).
Concerning seasonal influence, the percent of infection with pseudotuberculosis was nearly similar in hot (2.05%) and non hot months (2.15%) of the year, so season has no effect on occurrence of pseudotuberculosis. In regard to sex susceptibility, the percent of infection with pseudotuberculosis was higher in female camels (3.5%) than males (1.79%). Concerning age susceptibility, the highest percent of infection with pseudotuberculosis was 3.04% at camels between 9-10 years of age. Prevalence of pseudotuberculosis reached it’s peak at El Wady El Gadid Governorate (7.11%).
Thirty seven out of 2377 examined camels showed lesions of contagious skin necrosis in different parts of the animal body, these lesions appeared as areas of necrosed skin separated from the surrounding healthy skin, cold and very hard in consistency, when removed circular ulcer filled with white bloody pus remained. Microbiologically, the predominant isolated bacteria from these lesions was Staphylococcus aureus (60.61%).
In respect to seasonal influence, the percent of infection with contagious skin necrosis was high in hot months of the year (2.22%). Concerning sex susceptibility, there was no significant variation in the percent of infection with contagious skin necrosis in both sexes. In regard to age susceptibility, the highest percent of infection with contagious skin necrosis was 2.61% at camels between 9-10 years of age. Prevalence of contagious skin necrosis reached it’s peak at El Wady El Gadid Governorate (5.16%).
Skin abscesses were detected in twenty seven cases out of 2377 examined camels, either in the neck region, face and hind limb of the animal. These abscesses were rounded in shape, 5-7 cm in diameter , cold, painless and firm in consistency. Ruptured and incised abscesses contained thick, sticky yellow whitish pus tinged with blood. Bacteriological analysis of pus samples revealed that the predominant isolated Gram positive bacteria was Staphylococcus aureus, and Gram negative bacteria was Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
In regard to seasonal influence, the percent of infection with skin abscesses reached it’s peak at hot months of the year (1.6%). Concerning sex susceptibility, there was no significant variation in the percent of infection with skin abscesses in both sexes. In respect to age susceptibility, the highest percent of infection with skin abscesses was 2.17% at camels between 9-10 years of age. The highest prevalence of skin abscesses was 2.58% in El Wady El Gadid Governorate.
One hundred and forty out of 2377 camels were suffer from tick infestation and the most commonly affected sites were under the tail, around the anus, nostrils, udder and inguinal region. Tick infestation was more prevalent at the hot months of the year (8.36%), and the highest percent of infection with it was 8.26% at camels between 9-10 years of age, moreover, the highest prevalence of tick infestation was in Assiut Governorate (16.31%).
7.67% of camels with skin diseases were positive to trypanosoma infection by using blood film examination, meanwhile 31.95% were positive by using formol gel test, 30.35% were positive by using mercuric chloride test and 16.93% were positive by using thymol turbidity test. The percent of mixed infection of mange, pseudotuberculosis, contagious skin necrosis and skin abscesses with trypanosomosis were 40.9%, 50%, 64.86% and 55.6% respectively.
Summary
from July 2003 till July 2004, a total number of 2377 camels in different ages and sexes, and in different localities in Upper Egypt (El-Minea, Assiut, Sohage, El-Wady El Gadid, Aswan Governorates and Shalatin city) and in different seasons of the year. Of these camels, 313 cases were found with skin affections.
The different skin affections were classified according to the clinical observations and laboratory findings into: mange (4.84%), pseudotuberculosis (2.1%), contagious skin necrosis (1.56%), skin abscesses (1.14%) and tick infestation (5.9%).
One hundred and fifteen out of 2377 camels were demonstrating signs of mange in different parts of the animal body either in the acute or chronic stages of the disease in the form of severe itching, loss of hair, thickening and folding of the skin and in many cases skin became dark grey coloured. Examination of skin scrapings revealed that only three samples yielded mite parasite, one of these mites was sarcoptic mite and the other two mites could be identified as psoroptic mite.
In respect to seasonal influence, the percent of infection with mange was higher in hot months of the year (6.67%) than non hot months (3.19%). Meanwhile there was no significant difference in the percent of infection with mange in both sexes (non sex-linked disease). In regard to age susceptibility, the highest percent of infection with mange was 7.4% at camels between 7-8 years of age. Concerning spatial distribution, the highest prevalence of mange was found in El-Minea Governorate (17%).
Fifty out of 2377 examined camels showed signs of pseudotuberculosis, enlargement and suppuration of lymph nodes (ventral superficial cervical lymph, mandibular, axillary, accessory axillary and cubital lymph nodes). Some of the affected lymph nodes were hot, tender and slightly hard in consistency, meanwhile others were cold, tenderless and very hard in consistency. By incision, some abscesses discharged whitish or yellowish white caseo-purulent inspissated putty like material tinged with blood, other abscesses revealed no pus material. Bacteriological examination of pus samples revealed that Corynebacterium spp. was the predominant isolated bacteria either alone or mixed with other bacteria (53.7%).
Concerning seasonal influence, the percent of infection with pseudotuberculosis was nearly similar in hot (2.05%) and non hot months (2.15%) of the year, so season has no effect on occurrence of pseudotuberculosis. In regard to sex susceptibility, the percent of infection with pseudotuberculosis was higher in female camels (3.5%) than males (1.79%). Concerning age susceptibility, the highest percent of infection with pseudotuberculosis was 3.04% at camels between 9-10 years of age. Prevalence of pseudotuberculosis reached it’s peak at El Wady El Gadid Governorate (7.11%).
Thirty seven out of 2377 examined camels showed lesions of contagious skin necrosis in different parts of the animal body, these lesions appeared as areas of necrosed skin separated from the surrounding healthy skin, cold and very hard in consistency, when removed circular ulcer filled with white bloody pus remained. Microbiologically, the predominant isolated bacteria from these lesions was Staphylococcus aureus (60.61%).
In respect to seasonal influence, the percent of infection with contagious skin necrosis was high in hot months of the year (2.22%). Concerning sex susceptibility, there was no significant variation in the percent of infection with contagious skin necrosis in both sexes. In regard to age susceptibility, the highest percent of infection with contagious skin necrosis was 2.61% at camels between 9-10 years of age. Prevalence of contagious skin necrosis reached it’s peak at El Wady El Gadid Governorate (5.16%).
Skin abscesses were detected in twenty seven cases out of 2377 examined camels, either in the neck region, face and hind limb of the animal. These abscesses were rounded in shape, 5-7 cm in diameter , cold, painless and firm in consistency. Ruptured and incised abscesses contained thick, sticky yellow whitish pus tinged with blood. Bacteriological analysis of pus samples revealed that the predominant isolated Gram positive bacteria was Staphylococcus aureus, and Gram negative bacteria was Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
In regard to seasonal influence, the percent of infection with skin abscesses reached it’s peak at hot months of the year (1.6%). Concerning sex susceptibility, there was no significant variation in the percent of infection with skin abscesses in both sexes. In respect to age susceptibility, the highest percent of infection with skin abscesses was 2.17% at camels between 9-10 years of age. The highest prevalence of skin abscesses was 2.58% in El Wady El Gadid Governorate.
One hundred and forty out of 2377 camels were suffer from tick infestation and the most commonly affected sites were under the tail, around the anus, nostrils, udder and inguinal region. Tick infestation was more prevalent at the hot months of the year (8.36%), and the highest percent of infection with it was 8.26% at camels between 9-10 years of age, moreover, the highest prevalence of tick infestation was in Assiut Governorate (16.31%).
7.67% of camels with skin diseases were positive to trypanosoma infection by using blood film examination, meanwhile 31.95% were positive by using formol gel test, 30.35% were positive by using mercuric chloride test and 16.93% were positive by using thymol turbidity test. The percent of mixed infection of mange, pseudotuberculosis, contagious skin necrosis and skin abscesses with trypanosomosis were 40.9%, 50%, 64.86% and 55.6% respectively.
Summary
from July 2003 till July 2004, a total number of 2377 camels in different ages and sexes, and in different localities in Upper Egypt (El-Minea, Assiut, Sohage, El-Wady El Gadid, Aswan Governorates and Shalatin city) and in different seasons of the year. Of these camels, 313 cases were found with skin affections.
The different skin affections were classified according to the clinical observations and laboratory findings into: mange (4.84%), pseudotuberculosis (2.1%), contagious skin necrosis (1.56%), skin abscesses (1.14%) and tick infestation (5.9%).
One hundred and fifteen out of 2377 camels were demonstrating signs of mange in different parts of the animal body either in the acute or chronic stages of the disease in the form of severe itching, loss of hair, thickening and folding of the skin and in many cases skin became dark grey coloured. Examination of skin scrapings revealed that only three samples yielded mite parasite, one of these mites was sarcoptic mite and the other two mites could be identified as psoroptic mite.
In respect to seasonal influence, the percent of infection with mange was higher in hot months of the year (6.67%) than non hot months (3.19%). Meanwhile there was no significant difference in the percent of infection with mange in both sexes (non sex-linked disease). In regard to age susceptibility, the highest percent of infection with mange was 7.4% at camels between 7-8 years of age. Concerning spatial distribution, the highest prevalence of mange was found in El-Minea Governorate (17%).
Fifty out of 2377 examined camels showed signs of pseudotuberculosis, enlargement and suppuration of lymph nodes (ventral superficial cervical lymph, mandibular, axillary, accessory axillary and cubital lymph nodes). Some of the affected lymph nodes were hot, tender and slightly hard in consistency, meanwhile others were cold, tenderless and very hard in consistency. By incision, some abscesses discharged whitish or yellowish white caseo-purulent inspissated putty like material tinged with blood, other abscesses revealed no pus material. Bacteriological examination of pus samples revealed that Corynebacterium spp. was the predominant isolated bacteria either alone or mixed with other bacteria (53.7%).
Concerning seasonal influence, the percent of infection with pseudotuberculosis was nearly similar in hot (2.05%) and non hot months (2.15%) of the year, so season has no effect on occurrence of pseudotuberculosis. In regard to sex susceptibility, the percent of infection with pseudotuberculosis was higher in female camels (3.5%) than males (1.79%). Concerning age susceptibility, the highest percent of infection with pseudotuberculosis was 3.04% at camels between 9-10 years of age. Prevalence of pseudotuberculosis reached it’s peak at El Wady El Gadid Governorate (7.11%).
Thirty seven out of 2377 examined camels showed lesions of contagious skin necrosis in different parts of the animal body, these lesions appeared as areas of necrosed skin separated from the surrounding healthy skin, cold and very hard in consistency, when removed circular ulcer filled with white bloody pus remained. Microbiologically, the predominant isolated bacteria from these lesions was Staphylococcus aureus (60.61%).
In respect to seasonal influence, the percent of infection with contagious skin necrosis was high in hot months of the year (2.22%). Concerning sex susceptibility, there was no significant variation in the percent of infection with contagious skin necrosis in both sexes. In regard to age susceptibility, the highest percent of infection with contagious skin necrosis was 2.61% at camels between 9-10 years of age. Prevalence of contagious skin necrosis reached it’s peak at El Wady El Gadid Governorate (5.16%).
Skin abscesses were detected in twenty seven cases out of 2377 examined camels, either in the neck region, face and hind limb of the animal. These abscesses were rounded in shape, 5-7 cm in diameter , cold, painless and firm in consistency. Ruptured and incised abscesses contained thick, sticky yellow whitish pus tinged with blood. Bacteriological analysis of pus samples revealed that the predominant isolated Gram positive bacteria was Staphylococcus aureus, and Gram negative bacteria was Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
In regard to seasonal influence, the percent of infection with skin abscesses reached it’s peak at hot months of the year (1.6%). Concerning sex susceptibility, there was no significant variation in the percent of infection with skin abscesses in both sexes. In respect to age susceptibility, the highest percent of infection with skin abscesses was 2.17% at camels between 9-10 years of age. The highest prevalence of skin abscesses was 2.58% in El Wady El Gadid Governorate.
One hundred and forty out of 2377 camels were suffer from tick infestation and the most commonly affected sites were under the tail, around the anus, nostrils, udder and inguinal region. Tick infestation was more prevalent at the hot months of the year (8.36%), and the highest percent of infection with it was 8.26% at camels between 9-10 years of age, moreover, the highest prevalence of tick infestation was in Assiut Governorate (16.31%).
7.67% of camels with skin diseases were positive to trypanosoma infection by using blood film examination, meanwhile 31.95% were positive by using formol gel test, 30.35% were positive by using mercuric chloride test and 16.93% were positive by using thymol turbidity test. The percent of mixed infection of mange, pseudotuberculosis, contagious skin necrosis and skin abscesses with trypanosomosis were 40.9%, 50%, 64.86% and 55.6% respectively.
Summary
from July 2003 till July 2004, a total number of 2377 camels in different ages and sexes, and in different localities in Upper Egypt (El-Minea, Assiut, Sohage, El-Wady El Gadid, Aswan Governorates and Shalatin city) and in different seasons of the year. Of these camels, 313 cases were found with skin affections.
The different skin affections were classified according to the clinical observations and laboratory findings into: mange (4.84%), pseudotuberculosis (2.1%), contagious skin necrosis (1.56%), skin abscesses (1.14%) and tick infestation (5.9%).
One hundred and fifteen out of 2377 camels were demonstrating signs of mange in different parts of the animal body either in the acute or chronic stages of the disease in the form of severe itching, loss of hair, thickening and folding of the skin and in many cases skin became dark grey coloured. Examination of skin scrapings revealed that only three samples yielded mite parasite, one of these mites was sarcoptic mite and the other two mites could be identified as psoroptic mite.
In respect to seasonal influence, the percent of infection with mange was higher in hot months of the year (6.67%) than non hot months (3.19%). Meanwhile there was no significant difference in the percent of infection with mange in both sexes (non sex-linked disease). In regard to age susceptibility, the highest percent of infection with mange was 7.4% at camels between 7-8 years of age. Concerning spatial distribution, the highest prevalence of mange was found in El-Minea Governorate (17%).
Fifty out of 2377 examined camels showed signs of pseudotuberculosis, enlargement and suppuration of lymph nodes (ventral superficial cervical lymph, mandibular, axillary, accessory axillary and cubital lymph nodes). Some of the affected lymph nodes were hot, tender and slightly hard in consistency, meanwhile others were cold, tenderless and very hard in consistency. By incision, some abscesses discharged whitish or yellowish white caseo-purulent inspissated putty like material tinged with blood, other abscesses revealed no pus material. Bacteriological examination of pus samples revealed that Corynebacterium spp. was the predominant isolated bacteria either alone or mixed with other bacteria (53.7%).
Concerning seasonal influence, the percent of infection with pseudotuberculosis was nearly similar in hot (2.05%) and non hot months (2.15%) of the year, so season has no effect on occurrence of pseudotuberculosis. In regard to sex susceptibility, the percent of infection with pseudotuberculosis was higher in female camels (3.5%) than males (1.79%). Concerning age susceptibility, the highest percent of infection with pseudotuberculosis was 3.04% at camels between 9-10 years of age. Prevalence of pseudotuberculosis reached it’s peak at El Wady El Gadid Governorate (7.11%).
Thirty seven out of 2377 examined camels showed lesions of contagious skin necrosis in different parts of the animal body, these lesions appeared as areas of necrosed skin separated from the surrounding healthy skin, cold and very hard in consistency, when removed circular ulcer filled with white bloody pus remained. Microbiologically, the predominant isolated bacteria from these lesions was Staphylococcus aureus (60.61%).
In respect to seasonal influence, the percent of infection with contagious skin necrosis was high in hot months of the year (2.22%). Concerning sex susceptibility, there was no significant variation in the percent of infection with contagious skin necrosis in both sexes. In regard to age susceptibility, the highest percent of infection with contagious skin necrosis was 2.61% at camels between 9-10 years of age. Prevalence of contagious skin necrosis reached it’s peak at El Wady El Gadid Governorate (5.16%).
Skin abscesses were detected in twenty seven cases out of 2377 examined camels, either in the neck region, face and hind limb of the animal. These abscesses were rounded in shape, 5-7 cm in diameter , cold, painless and firm in consistency. Ruptured and incised abscesses contained thick, sticky yellow whitish pus tinged with blood. Bacteriological analysis of pus samples revealed that the predominant isolated Gram positive bacteria was Staphylococcus aureus, and Gram negative bacteria was Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
In regard to seasonal influence, the percent of infection with skin abscesses reached it’s peak at hot months of the year (1.6%). Concerning sex susceptibility, there was no significant variation in the percent of infection with skin abscesses in both sexes. In respect to age susceptibility, the highest percent of infection with skin abscesses was 2.17% at camels between 9-10 years of age. The highest prevalence of skin abscesses was 2.58% in El Wady El Gadid Governorate.
One hundred and forty out of 2377 camels were suffer from tick infestation and the most commonly affected sites were under the tail, around the anus, nostrils, udder and inguinal region. Tick infestation was more prevalent at the hot months of the year (8.36%), and the highest percent of infection with it was 8.26% at camels between 9-10 years of age, moreover, the highest prevalence of tick infestation was in Assiut Governorate (16.31%).
7.67% of camels with skin diseases were positive to trypanosoma infection by using blood film examination, meanwhile 31.95% were positive by using formol gel test, 30.35% were positive by using mercuric chloride test and 16.93% were positive by using thymol turbidity test. The percent of mixed infection of mange, pseudotuberculosis, contagious skin necrosis and skin abscesses with trypanosomosis were 40.9%, 50%, 64.86% and 55.6% respectively.
Summary
from July 2003 till July 2004, a total number of 2377 camels in different ages and sexes, and in different localities in Upper Egypt (El-Minea, Assiut, Sohage, El-Wady El Gadid, Aswan Governorates and Shalatin city) and in different seasons of the year. Of these camels, 313 cases were found with skin affections.
The different skin affections were classified according to the clinical observations and laboratory findings into: mange (4.84%), pseudotuberculosis (2.1%), contagious skin necrosis (1.56%), skin abscesses (1.14%) and tick infestation (5.9%).
One hundred and fifteen out of 2377 camels were demonstrating signs of mange in different parts of the animal body either in the acute or chronic stages of the disease in the form of severe itching, loss of hair, thickening and folding of the skin and in many cases skin became dark grey coloured. Examination of skin scrapings revealed that only three samples yielded mite parasite, one of these mites was sarcoptic mite and the other two mites could be identified as psoroptic mite.
In respect to seasonal influence, the percent of infection with mange was higher in hot months of the year (6.67%) than non hot months (3.19%). Meanwhile there was no significant difference in the percent of infection with mange in both sexes (non sex-linked disease). In regard to age susceptibility, the highest percent of infection with mange was 7.4% at camels between 7-8 years of age. Concerning spatial distribution, the highest prevalence of mange was found in El-Minea Governorate (17%).
Fifty out of 2377 examined camels showed signs of pseudotuberculosis, enlargement and suppuration of lymph nodes (ventral superficial cervical lymph, mandibular, axillary, accessory axillary and cubital lymph nodes). Some of the affected lymph nodes were hot, tender and slightly hard in consistency, meanwhile others were cold, tenderless and very hard in consistency. By incision, some abscesses discharged whitish or yellowish white caseo-purulent inspissated putty like material tinged with blood, other abscesses revealed no pus material. Bacteriological examination of pus samples revealed that Corynebacterium spp. was the predominant isolated bacteria either alone or mixed with other bacteria (53.7%).
Concerning seasonal influence, the percent of infection with pseudotuberculosis was nearly similar in hot (2.05%) and non hot months (2.15%) of the year, so season has no effect on occurrence of pseudotuberculosis. In regard to sex susceptibility, the percent of infection with pseudotuberculosis was higher in female camels (3.5%) than males (1.79%). Concerning age susceptibility, the highest percent of infection with pseudotuberculosis was 3.04% at camels between 9-10 years of age. Prevalence of pseudotuberculosis reached it’s peak at El Wady El Gadid Governorate (7.11%).
Thirty seven out of 2377 examined camels showed lesions of contagious skin necrosis in different parts of the animal body, these lesions appeared as areas of necrosed skin separated from the surrounding healthy skin, cold and very hard in consistency, when removed circular ulcer filled with white bloody pus remained. Microbiologically, the predominant isolated bacteria from these lesions was Staphylococcus aureus (60.61%).
In respect to seasonal influence, the percent of infection with contagious skin necrosis was high in hot months of the year (2.22%). Concerning sex susceptibility, there was no significant variation in the percent of infection with contagious skin necrosis in both sexes. In regard to age susceptibility, the highest percent of infection with contagious skin necrosis was 2.61% at camels between 9-10 years of age. Prevalence of contagious skin necrosis reached it’s peak at El Wady El Gadid Governorate (5.16%).
Skin abscesses were detected in twenty seven cases out of 2377 examined camels, either in the neck region, face and hind limb of the animal. These abscesses were rounded in shape, 5-7 cm in diameter , cold, painless and firm in consistency. Ruptured and incised abscesses contained thick, sticky yellow whitish pus tinged with blood. Bacteriological analysis of pus samples revealed that the predominant isolated Gram positive bacteria was Staphylococcus aureus, and Gram negative bacteria was Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
In regard to seasonal influence, the percent of infection with skin abscesses reached it’s peak at hot months of the year (1.6%). Concerning sex susceptibility, there was no significant variation in the percent of infection with skin abscesses in both sexes. In respect to age susceptibility, the highest percent of infection with skin abscesses was 2.17% at camels between 9-10 years of age. The highest prevalence of skin abscesses was 2.58% in El Wady El Gadid Governorate.
One hundred and forty out of 2377 camels were suffer from tick infestation and the most commonly affected sites were under the tail, around the anus, nostrils, udder and inguinal region. Tick infestation was more prevalent at the hot months of the year (8.36%), and the highest percent of infection with it was 8.26% at camels between 9-10 years of age, moreover, the highest prevalence of tick infestation was in Assiut Governorate (16.31%).
7.67% of camels with skin diseases were positive to trypanosoma infection by using blood film examination, meanwhile 31.95% were positive by using formol gel test, 30.35% were positive by using mercuric chloride test and 16.93% were positive by using thymol turbidity test. The percent of mixed infection of mange, pseudotuberculosis, contagious skin necrosis and skin abscesses with trypanosomosis were 40.9%, 50%, 64.86% and 55.6% respectively.
Summary
from July 2003 till July 2004, a total number of 2377 camels in different ages and sexes, and in different localities in Upper Egypt (El-Minea, Assiut, Sohage, El-Wady El Gadid, Aswan Governorates and Shalatin city) and in different seasons of the year. Of these camels, 313 cases were found with skin affections.
The different skin affections were classified according to the clinical observations and laboratory findings into: mange (4.84%), pseudotuberculosis (2.1%), contagious skin necrosis (1.56%), skin abscesses (1.14%) and tick infestation (5.9%).
One hundred and fifteen out of 2377 camels were demonstrating signs of mange in different parts of the animal body either in the acute or chronic stages of the disease in the form of severe itching, loss of hair, thickening and folding of the skin and in many cases skin became dark grey coloured. Examination of skin scrapings revealed that only three samples yielded mite parasite, one of these mites was sarcoptic mite and the other two mites could be identified as psoroptic mite.
In respect to seasonal influence, the percent of infection with mange was higher in hot months of the year (6.67%) than non hot months (3.19%). Meanwhile there was no significant difference in the percent of infection with mange in both sexes (non sex-linked disease). In regard to age susceptibility, the highest percent of infection with mange was 7.4% at camels between 7-8 years of age. Concerning spatial distribution, the highest prevalence of mange was found in El-Minea Governorate (17%).
Fifty out of 2377 examined camels showed signs of pseudotuberculosis, enlargement and suppuration of lymph nodes (ventral superficial cervical lymph, mandibular, axillary, accessory axillary and cubital lymph nodes). Some of the affected lymph nodes were hot, tender and slightly hard in consistency, meanwhile others were cold, tenderless and very hard in consistency. By incision, some abscesses discharged whitish or yellowish white caseo-purulent inspissated putty like material tinged with blood, other abscesses revealed no pus material. Bacteriological examination of pus samples revealed that Corynebacterium spp. was the predominant isolated bacteria either alone or mixed with other bacteria (53.7%).
Concerning seasonal influence, the percent of infection with pseudotuberculosis was nearly similar in hot (2.05%) and non hot months (2.15%) of the year, so season has no effect on occurrence of pseudotuberculosis. In regard to sex susceptibility, the percent of infection with pseudotuberculosis was higher in female camels (3.5%) than males (1.79%). Concerning age susceptibility, the highest percent of infection with pseudotuberculosis was 3.04% at camels between 9-10 years of age. Prevalence of pseudotuberculosis reached it’s peak at El Wady El Gadid Governorate (7.11%).
Thirty seven out of 2377 examined camels showed lesions of contagious skin necrosis in different parts of the animal body, these lesions appeared as areas of necrosed skin separated from the surrounding healthy skin, cold and very hard in consistency, when removed circular ulcer filled with white bloody pus remained. Microbiologically, the predominant isolated bacteria from these lesions was Staphylococcus aureus (60.61%).
In respect to seasonal influence, the percent of infection with contagious skin necrosis was high in hot months of the year (2.22%). Concerning sex susceptibility, there was no significant variation in the percent of infection with contagious skin necrosis in both sexes. In regard to age susceptibility, the highest percent of infection with contagious skin necrosis was 2.61% at camels between 9-10 years of age. Prevalence of contagious skin necrosis reached it’s peak at El Wady El Gadid Governorate (5.16%).
Skin abscesses were detected in twenty seven cases out of 2377 examined camels, either in the neck region, face and hind limb of the animal. These abscesses were rounded in shape, 5-7 cm in diameter , cold, painless and firm in consistency. Ruptured and incised abscesses contained thick, sticky yellow whitish pus tinged with blood. Bacteriological analysis of pus samples revealed that the predominant isolated Gram positive bacteria was Staphylococcus aureus, and Gram negative bacteria was Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
In regard to seasonal influence, the percent of infection with skin abscesses reached it’s peak at hot months of the year (1.6%). Concerning sex susceptibility, there was no significant variation in the percent of infection with skin abscesses in both sexes. In respect to age susceptibility, the highest percent of infection with skin abscesses was 2.17% at camels between 9-10 years of age. The highest prevalence of skin abscesses was 2.58% in El Wady El Gadid Governorate.
One hundred and forty out of 2377 camels were suffer from tick infestation and the most commonly affected sites were under the tail, around the anus, nostrils, udder and inguinal region. Tick infestation was more prevalent at the hot months of the year (8.36%), and the highest percent of infection with it was 8.26% at camels between 9-10 years of age, moreover, the highest prevalence of tick infestation was in Assiut Governorate (16.31%).
7.67% of camels with skin diseases were positive to trypanosoma infection by using blood film examination, meanwhile 31.95% were positive by using formol gel test, 30.35% were positive by using mercuric chloride test and 16.93% were positive by using thymol turbidity test. The percent of mixed infection of mange, pseudotuberculosis, contagious skin necrosis and skin abscesses with trypanosomosis were 40.9%, 50%, 64.86% and 55.6% respectively.
Summary
from July 2003 till July 2004, a total number of 2377 camels in different ages and sexes, and in different localities in Upper Egypt (El-Minea, Assiut, Sohage, El-Wady El Gadid, Aswan Governorates and Shalatin city) and in different seasons of the year. Of these camels, 313 cases were found with skin affections.
The different skin affections were classified according to the clinical observations and laboratory findings into: mange (4.84%), pseudotuberculosis (2.1%), contagious skin necrosis (1.56%), skin abscesses (1.14%) and tick infestation (5.9%).
One hundred and fifteen out of 2377 camels were demonstrating signs of mange in different parts of the animal body either in the acute or chronic stages of the disease in the form of severe itching, loss of hair, thickening and folding of the skin and in many cases skin became dark grey coloured. Examination of skin scrapings revealed that only three samples yielded mite parasite, one of these mites was sarcoptic mite and the other two mites could be identified as psoroptic mite.
In respect to seasonal influence, the percent of infection with mange was higher in hot months of the year (6.67%) than non hot months (3.19%). Meanwhile there was no significant difference in the percent of infection with mange in both sexes (non sex-linked disease). In regard to age susceptibility, the highest percent of infection with mange was 7.4% at camels between 7-8 years of age. Concerning spatial distribution, the highest prevalence of mange was found in El-Minea Governorate (17%).
Fifty out of 2377 examined camels showed signs of pseudotuberculosis, enlargement and suppuration of lymph nodes (ventral superficial cervical lymph, mandibular, axillary, accessory axillary and cubital lymph nodes). Some of the affected lymph nodes were hot, tender and slightly hard in consistency, meanwhile others were cold, tenderless and very hard in consistency. By incision, some abscesses discharged whitish or yellowish white caseo-purulent inspissated putty like material tinged with blood, other abscesses revealed no pus material. Bacteriological examination of pus samples revealed that Corynebacterium spp. was the predominant isolated bacteria either alone or mixed with other bacteria (53.7%).
Concerning seasonal influence, the percent of infection with pseudotuberculosis was nearly similar in hot (2.05%) and non hot months (2.15%) of the year, so season has no effect on occurrence of pseudotuberculosis. In regard to sex susceptibility, the percent of infection with pseudotuberculosis was higher in female camels (3.5%) than males (1.79%). Concerning age susceptibility, the highest percent of infection with pseudotuberculosis was 3.04% at camels between 9-10 years of age. Prevalence of pseudotuberculosis reached it’s peak at El Wady El Gadid Governorate (7.11%).
Thirty seven out of 2377 examined camels showed lesions of contagious skin necrosis in different parts of the animal body, these lesions appeared as areas of necrosed skin separated from the surrounding healthy skin, cold and very hard in consistency, when removed circular ulcer filled with white bloody pus remained. Microbiologically, the predominant isolated bacteria from these lesions was Staphylococcus aureus (60.61%).
In respect to seasonal influence, the percent of infection with contagious skin necrosis was high in hot months of the year (2.22%). Concerning sex susceptibility, there was no significant variation in the percent of infection with contagious skin necrosis in both sexes. In regard to age susceptibility, the highest percent of infection with contagious skin necrosis was 2.61% at camels between 9-10 years of age. Prevalence of contagious skin necrosis reached it’s peak at El Wady El Gadid Governorate (5.16%).
Skin abscesses were detected in twenty seven cases out of 2377 examined camels, either in the neck region, face and hind limb of the animal. These abscesses were rounded in shape, 5-7 cm in diameter , cold, painless and firm in consistency. Ruptured and incised abscesses contained thick, sticky yellow whitish pus tinged with blood. Bacteriological analysis of pus samples revealed that the predominant isolated Gram positive bacteria was Staphylococcus aureus, and Gram negative bacteria was Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
In regard to seasonal influence, the percent of infection with skin abscesses reached it’s peak at hot months of the year (1.6%). Concerning sex susceptibility, there was no significant variation in the percent of infection with skin abscesses in both sexes. In respect to age susceptibility, the highest percent of infection with skin abscesses was 2.17% at camels between 9-10 years of age. The highest prevalence of skin abscesses was 2.58% in El Wady El Gadid Governorate.
One hundred and forty out of 2377 camels were suffer from tick infestation and the most commonly affected sites were under the tail, around the anus, nostrils, udder and inguinal region. Tick infestation was more prevalent at the hot months of the year (8.36%), and the highest percent of infection with it was 8.26% at camels between 9-10 years of age, moreover, the highest prevalence of tick infestation was in Assiut Governorate (16.31%).
7.67% of camels with skin diseases were positive to trypanosoma infection by using blood film examination, meanwhile 31.95% were positive by using formol gel test, 30.35% were positive by using mercuric chloride test and 16.93% were positive by using thymol turbidity test. The percent of mixed infection of mange, pseudotuberculosis, contagious skin necrosis and skin abscesses with trypanosomosis were 40.9%, 50%, 64.86% and 55.6% respectively.
Summary
from July 2003 till July 2004, a total number of 2377 camels in different ages and sexes, and in different localities in Upper Egypt (El-Minea, Assiut, Sohage, El-Wady El Gadid, Aswan Governorates and Shalatin city) and in different seasons of the year. Of these camels, 313 cases were found with skin affections.
The different skin affections were classified according to the clinical observations and laboratory findings into: mange (4.84%), pseudotuberculosis (2.1%), contagious skin necrosis (1.56%), skin abscesses (1.14%) and tick infestation (5.9%).
One hundred and fifteen out of 2377 camels were demonstrating signs of mange in different parts of the animal body either in the acute or chronic stages of the disease in the form of severe itching, loss of hair, thickening and folding of the skin and in many cases skin became dark grey coloured. Examination of skin scrapings revealed that only three samples yielded mite parasite, one of these mites was sarcoptic mite and the other two mites could be identified as psoroptic mite.
In respect to seasonal influence, the percent of infection with mange was higher in hot months of the year (6.67%) than non hot months (3.19%). Meanwhile there was no significant difference in the percent of infection with mange in both sexes (non sex-linked disease). In regard to age susceptibility, the highest percent of infection with mange was 7.4% at camels between 7-8 years of age. Concerning spatial distribution, the highest prevalence of mange was found in El-Minea Governorate (17%).
Fifty out of 2377 examined camels showed signs of pseudotuberculosis, enlargement and suppuration of lymph nodes (ventral superficial cervical lymph, mandibular, axillary, accessory axillary and cubital lymph nodes). Some of the affected lymph nodes were hot, tender and slightly hard in consistency, meanwhile others were cold, tenderless and very hard in consistency. By incision, some abscesses discharged whitish or yellowish white caseo-purulent inspissated putty like material tinged with blood, other abscesses revealed no pus material. Bacteriological examination of pus samples revealed that Corynebacterium spp. was the predominant isolated bacteria either alone or mixed with other bacteria (53.7%).
Concerning seasonal influence, the percent of infection with pseudotuberculosis was nearly similar in hot (2.05%) and non hot months (2.15%) of the year, so season has no effect on occurrence of pseudotuberculosis. In regard to sex susceptibility, the percent of infection with pseudotuberculosis was higher in female camels (3.5%) than males (1.79%). Concerning age susceptibility, the highest percent of infection with pseudotuberculosis was 3.04% at camels between 9-10 years of age. Prevalence of pseudotuberculosis reached it’s peak at El Wady El Gadid Governorate (7.11%).
Thirty seven out of 2377 examined camels showed lesions of contagious skin necrosis in different parts of the animal body, these lesions appeared as areas of necrosed skin separated from the surrounding healthy skin, cold and very hard in consistency, when removed circular ulcer filled with white bloody pus remained. Microbiologically, the predominant isolated bacteria from these lesions was Staphylococcus aureus (60.61%).
In respect to seasonal influence, the percent of infection with contagious skin necrosis was high in hot months of the year (2.22%). Concerning sex susceptibility, there was no significant variation in the percent of infection with contagious skin necrosis in both sexes. In regard to age susceptibility, the highest percent of infection with contagious skin necrosis was 2.61% at camels between 9-10 years of age. Prevalence of contagious skin necrosis reached it’s peak at El Wady El Gadid Governorate (5.16%).
Skin abscesses were detected in twenty seven cases out of 2377 examined camels, either in the neck region, face and hind limb of the animal. These abscesses were rounded in shape, 5-7 cm in diameter , cold, painless and firm in consistency. Ruptured and incised abscesses contained thick, sticky yellow whitish pus tinged with blood. Bacteriological analysis of pus samples revealed that the predominant isolated Gram positive bacteria was Staphylococcus aureus, and Gram negative bacteria was Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
In regard to seasonal influence, the percent of infection with skin abscesses reached it’s peak at hot months of the year (1.6%). Concerning sex susceptibility, there was no significant variation in the percent of infection with skin abscesses in both sexes. In respect to age susceptibility, the highest percent of infection with skin abscesses was 2.17% at camels between 9-10 years of age. The highest prevalence of skin abscesses was 2.58% in El Wady El Gadid Governorate.
One hundred and forty out of 2377 camels were suffer from tick infestation and the most commonly affected sites were under the tail, around the anus, nostrils, udder and inguinal region. Tick infestation was more prevalent at the hot months of the year (8.36%), and the highest percent of infection with it was 8.26% at camels between 9-10 years of age, moreover, the highest prevalence of tick infestation was in Assiut Governorate (16.31%).
7.67% of camels with skin diseases were positive to trypanosoma infection by using blood film examination, meanwhile 31.95% were positive by using formol gel test, 30.35% were positive by using mercuric chloride test and 16.93% were positive by using thymol turbidity test. The percent of mixed infection of mange, pseudotuberculosis, contagious skin necrosis and skin abscesses with trypanosomosis were 40.9%, 50%, 64.86% and 55.6% respectively.
Summary
from July 2003 till July 2004, a total number of 2377 camels in different ages and sexes, and in different localities in Upper Egypt (El-Minea, Assiut, Sohage, El-Wady El Gadid, Aswan Governorates and Shalatin city) and in different seasons of the year. Of these camels, 313 cases were found with skin affections.
The different skin affections were classified according to the clinical observations and laboratory findings into: mange (4.84%), pseudotuberculosis (2.1%), contagious skin necrosis (1.56%), skin abscesses (1.14%) and tick infestation (5.9%).
One hundred and fifteen out of 2377 camels were demonstrating signs of mange in different parts of the animal body either in the acute or chronic stages of the disease in the form of severe itching, loss of hair, thickening and folding of the skin and in many cases skin became dark grey coloured. Examination of skin scrapings revealed that only three samples yielded mite parasite, one of these mites was sarcoptic mite and the other two mites could be identified as psoroptic mite.
In respect to seasonal influence, the percent of infection with mange was higher in hot months of the year (6.67%) than non hot months (3.19%). Meanwhile there was no significant difference in the percent of infection with mange in both sexes (non sex-linked disease). In regard to age susceptibility, the highest percent of infection with mange was 7.4% at camels between 7-8 years of age. Concerning spatial distribution, the highest prevalence of mange was found in El-Minea Governorate (17%).
Fifty out of 2377 examined camels showed signs of pseudotuberculosis, enlargement and suppuration of lymph nodes (ventral superficial cervical lymph, mandibular, axillary, accessory axillary and cubital lymph nodes). Some of the affected lymph nodes were hot, tender and slightly hard in consistency, meanwhile others were cold, tenderless and very hard in consistency. By incision, some abscesses discharged whitish or yellowish white caseo-purulent inspissated putty like material tinged with blood, other abscesses revealed no pus material. Bacteriological examination of pus samples revealed that Corynebacterium spp. was the predominant isolated bacteria either alone or mixed with other bacteria (53.7%).
Concerning seasonal influence, the percent of infection with pseudotuberculosis was nearly similar in hot (2.05%) and non hot months (2.15%) of the year, so season has no effect on occurrence of pseudotuberculosis. In regard to sex susceptibility, the percent of infection with pseudotuberculosis was higher in female camels (3.5%) than males (1.79%). Concerning age susceptibility, the highest percent of infection with pseudotuberculosis was 3.04% at camels between 9-10 years of age. Prevalence of pseudotuberculosis reached it’s peak at El Wady El Gadid Governorate (7.11%).
Thirty seven out of 2377 examined camels showed lesions of contagious skin necrosis in different parts of the animal body, these lesions appeared as areas of necrosed skin separated from the surrounding healthy skin, cold and very hard in consistency, when removed circular ulcer filled with white bloody pus remained. Microbiologically, the predominant isolated bacteria from these lesions was Staphylococcus aureus (60.61%).
In respect to seasonal influence, the percent of infection with contagious skin necrosis was high in hot months of the year (2.22%). Concerning sex susceptibility, there was no significant variation in the percent of infection with contagious skin necrosis in both sexes. In regard to age susceptibility, the highest percent of infection with contagious skin necrosis was 2.61% at camels between 9-10 years of age. Prevalence of contagious skin necrosis reached it’s peak at El Wady El Gadid Governorate (5.16%).
Skin abscesses were detected in twenty seven cases out of 2377 examined camels, either in the neck region, face and hind limb of the animal. These abscesses were rounded in shape, 5-7 cm in diameter , cold, painless and firm in consistency. Ruptured and incised abscesses contained thick, sticky yellow whitish pus tinged with blood. Bacteriological analysis of pus samples revealed that the predominant isolated Gram positive bacteria was Staphylococcus aureus, and Gram negative bacteria was Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
In regard to seasonal influence, the percent of infection with skin abscesses reached it’s peak at hot months of the year (1.6%). Concerning sex susceptibility, there was no significant variation in the percent of infection with skin abscesses in both sexes. In respect to age susceptibility, the highest percent of infection with skin abscesses was 2.17% at camels between 9-10 years of age. The highest prevalence of skin abscesses was 2.58% in El Wady El Gadid Governorate.
One hundred and forty out of 2377 camels were suffer from tick infestation and the most commonly affected sites were under the tail, around the anus, nostrils, udder and inguinal region. Tick infestation was more prevalent at the hot months of the year (8.36%), and the highest percent of infection with it was 8.26% at camels between 9-10 years of age, moreover, the highest prevalence of tick infestation was in Assiut Governorate (16.31%).
7.67% of camels with skin diseases were positive to trypanosoma infection by using blood film examination, meanwhile 31.95% were positive by using formol gel test, 30.35% were positive by using mercuric chloride test and 16.93% were positive by using thymol turbidity test. The percent of mixed infection of mange, pseudotuberculosis, contagious skin necrosis and skin abscesses with trypanosomosis were 40.9%, 50%, 64.86% and 55.6% respectively.
Summary
from July 2003 till July 2004, a total number of 2377 camels in different ages and sexes, and in different localities in Upper Egypt (El-Minea, Assiut, Sohage, El-Wady El Gadid, Aswan Governorates and Shalatin city) and in different seasons of the year. Of these camels, 313 cases were found with skin affections.
The different skin affections were classified according to the clinical observations and laboratory findings into: mange (4.84%), pseudotuberculosis (2.1%), contagious skin necrosis (1.56%), skin abscesses (1.14%) and tick infestation (5.9%).
One hundred and fifteen out of 2377 camels were demonstrating signs of mange in different parts of the animal body either in the acute or chronic stages of the disease in the form of severe itching, loss of hair, thickening and folding of the skin and in many cases skin became dark grey coloured. Examination of skin scrapings revealed that only three samples yielded mite parasite, one of these mites was sarcoptic mite and the other two mites could be identified as psoroptic mite.
In respect to seasonal influence, the percent of infection with mange was higher in hot months of the year (6.67%) than non hot months (3.19%). Meanwhile there was no significant difference in the percent of infection with mange in both sexes (non sex-linked disease). In regard to age susceptibility, the highest percent of infection with mange was 7.4% at camels between 7-8 years of age. Concerning spatial distribution, the highest prevalence of mange was found in El-Minea Governorate (17%).
Fifty out of 2377 examined camels showed signs of pseudotuberculosis, enlargement and suppuration of lymph nodes (ventral superficial cervical lymph, mandibular, axillary, accessory axillary and cubital lymph nodes). Some of the affected lymph nodes were hot, tender and slightly hard in consistency, meanwhile others were cold, tenderless and very hard in consistency. By incision, some abscesses discharged whitish or yellowish white caseo-purulent inspissated putty like material tinged with blood, other abscesses revealed no pus material. Bacteriological examination of pus samples revealed that Corynebacterium spp. was the predominant isolated bacteria either alone or mixed with other bacteria (53.7%).
Concerning seasonal influence, the percent of infection with pseudotuberculosis was nearly similar in hot (2.05%) and non hot months (2.15%) of the year, so season has no effect on occurrence of pseudotuberculosis. In regard to sex susceptibility, the percent of infection with pseudotuberculosis was higher in female camels (3.5%) than males (1.79%). Concerning age susceptibility, the highest percent of infection with pseudotuberculosis was 3.04% at camels between 9-10 years of age. Prevalence of pseudotuberculosis reached it’s peak at El Wady El Gadid Governorate (7.11%).
Thirty seven out of 2377 examined camels showed lesions of contagious skin necrosis in different parts of the animal body, these lesions appeared as areas of necrosed skin separated from the surrounding healthy skin, cold and very hard in consistency, when removed circular ulcer filled with white bloody pus remained. Microbiologically, the predominant isolated bacteria from these lesions was Staphylococcus aureus (60.61%).
In respect to seasonal influence, the percent of infection with contagious skin necrosis was high in hot months of the year (2.22%). Concerning sex susceptibility, there was no significant variation in the percent of infection with contagious skin necrosis in both sexes. In regard to age susceptibility, the highest percent of infection with contagious skin necrosis was 2.61% at camels between 9-10 years of age. Prevalence of contagious skin necrosis reached it’s peak at El Wady El Gadid Governorate (5.16%).
Skin abscesses were detected in twenty seven cases out of 2377 examined camels, either in the neck region, face and hind limb of the animal. These abscesses were rounded in shape, 5-7 cm in diameter , cold, painless and firm in consistency. Ruptured and incised abscesses contained thick, sticky yellow whitish pus tinged with blood. Bacteriological analysis of pus samples revealed that the predominant isolated Gram positive bacteria was Staphylococcus aureus, and Gram negative bacteria was Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
In regard to seasonal influence, the percent of infection with skin abscesses reached it’s peak at hot months of the year (1.6%). Concerning sex susceptibility, there was no significant variation in the percent of infection with skin abscesses in both sexes. In respect to age susceptibility, the highest percent of infection with skin abscesses was 2.17% at camels between 9-10 years of age. The highest prevalence of skin abscesses was 2.58% in El Wady El Gadid Governorate.
One hundred and forty out of 2377 camels were suffer from tick infestation and the most commonly affected sites were under the tail, around the anus, nostrils, udder and inguinal region. Tick infestation was more prevalent at the hot months of the year (8.36%), and the highest percent of infection with it was 8.26% at camels between 9-10 years of age, moreover, the highest prevalence of tick infestation was in Assiut Governorate (16.31%).
7.67% of camels with skin diseases were positive to trypanosoma infection by using blood film examination, meanwhile 31.95% were positive by using formol gel test, 30.35% were positive by using mercuric chloride test and 16.93% were positive by using thymol turbidity test. The percent of mixed infection of mange, pseudotuberculosis, contagious skin necrosis and skin abscesses with trypanosomosis were 40.9%, 50%, 64.86% and 55.6% respectively.
Summary
from July 2003 till July 2004, a total number of 2377 camels in different ages and sexes, and in different localities in Upper Egypt (El-Minea, Assiut, Sohage, El-Wady El Gadid, Aswan Governorates and Shalatin city) and in different seasons of the year. Of these camels, 313 cases were found with skin affections.
The different skin affections were classified according to the clinical observations and laboratory findings into: mange (4.84%), pseudotuberculosis (2.1%), contagious skin necrosis (1.56%), skin abscesses (1.14%) and tick infestation (5.9%).
One hundred and fifteen out of 2377 camels were demonstrating signs of mange in different parts of the animal body either in the acute or chronic stages of the disease in the form of severe itching, loss of hair, thickening and folding of the skin and in many cases skin became dark grey coloured. Examination of skin scrapings revealed that only three samples yielded mite parasite, one of these mites was sarcoptic mite and the other two mites could be identified as psoroptic mite.
In respect to seasonal influence, the percent of infection with mange was higher in hot months of the year (6.67%) than non hot months (3.19%). Meanwhile there was no significant difference in the percent of infection with mange in both sexes (non sex-linked disease). In regard to age susceptibility, the highest percent of infection with mange was 7.4% at camels between 7-8 years of age. Concerning spatial distribution, the highest prevalence of mange was found in El-Minea Governorate (17%).
Fifty out of 2377 examined camels showed signs of pseudotuberculosis, enlargement and suppuration of lymph nodes (ventral superficial cervical lymph, mandibular, axillary, accessory axillary and cubital lymph nodes). Some of the affected lymph nodes were hot, tender and slightly hard in consistency, meanwhile others were cold, tenderless and very hard in consistency. By incision, some abscesses discharged whitish or yellowish white caseo-purulent inspissated putty like material tinged with blood, other abscesses revealed no pus material. Bacteriological examination of pus samples revealed that Corynebacterium spp. was the predominant isolated bacteria either alone or mixed with other bacteria (53.7%).
Concerning seasonal influence, the percent of infection with pseudotuberculosis was nearly similar in hot (2.05%) and non hot months (2.15%) of the year, so season has no effect on occurrence of pseudotuberculosis. In regard to sex susceptibility, the percent of infection with pseudotuberculosis was higher in female camels (3.5%) than males (1.79%). Concerning age susceptibility, the highest percent of infection with pseudotuberculosis was 3.04% at camels between 9-10 years of age. Prevalence of pseudotuberculosis reached it’s peak at El Wady El Gadid Governorate (7.11%).
Thirty seven out of 2377 examined camels showed lesions of contagious skin necrosis in different parts of the animal body, these lesions appeared as areas of necrosed skin separated from the surrounding healthy skin, cold and very hard in consistency, when removed circular ulcer filled with white bloody pus remained. Microbiologically, the predominant isolated bacteria from these lesions was Staphylococcus aureus (60.61%).
In respect to seasonal influence, the percent of infection with contagious skin necrosis was high in hot months of the year (2.22%). Concerning sex susceptibility, there was no significant variation in the percent of infection with contagious skin necrosis in both sexes. In regard to age susceptibility, the highest percent of infection with contagious skin necrosis was 2.61% at camels between 9-10 years of age. Prevalence of contagious skin necrosis reached it’s peak at El Wady El Gadid Governorate (5.16%).
Skin abscesses were detected in twenty seven cases out of 2377 examined camels, either in the neck region, face and hind limb of the animal. These abscesses were rounded in shape, 5-7 cm in diameter , cold, painless and firm in consistency. Ruptured and incised abscesses contained thick, sticky yellow whitish pus tinged with blood. Bacteriological analysis of pus samples revealed that the predominant isolated Gram positive bacteria was Staphylococcus aureus, and Gram negative bacteria was Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
In regard to seasonal influence, the percent of infection with skin abscesses reached it’s peak at hot months of the year (1.6%). Concerning sex susceptibility, there was no significant variation in the percent of infection with skin abscesses in both sexes. In respect to age susceptibility, the highest percent of infection with skin abscesses was 2.17% at camels between 9-10 years of age. The highest prevalence of skin abscesses was 2.58% in El Wady El Gadid Governorate.
One hundred and forty out of 2377 camels were suffer from tick infestation and the most commonly affected sites were under the tail, around the anus, nostrils, udder and inguinal region. Tick infestation was more prevalent at the hot months of the year (8.36%), and the highest percent of infection with it was 8.26% at camels between 9-10 years of age, moreover, the highest prevalence of tick infestation was in Assiut Governorate (16.31%).
7.67% of camels with skin diseases were positive to trypanosoma infection by using blood film examination, meanwhile 31.95% were positive by using formol gel test, 30.35% were positive by using mercuric chloride test and 16.93% were positive by using thymol turbidity test. The percent of mixed infection of mange, pseudotuberculosis, contagious skin necrosis and skin abscesses with trypanosomosis were 40.9%, 50%, 64.86% and 55.6% respectively.
Summary
from July 2003 till July 2004, a total number of 2377 camels in different ages and sexes, and in different localities in Upper Egypt (El-Minea, Assiut, Sohage, El-Wady El Gadid, Aswan Governorates and Shalatin city) and in different seasons of the year. Of these camels, 313 cases were found with skin affections.
The different skin affections were classified according to the clinical observations and laboratory findings into: mange (4.84%), pseudotuberculosis (2.1%), contagious skin necrosis (1.56%), skin abscesses (1.14%) and tick infestation (5.9%).
One hundred and fifteen out of 2377 camels were demonstrating signs of mange in different parts of the animal body either in the acute or chronic stages of the disease in the form of severe itching, loss of hair, thickening and folding of the skin and in many cases skin became dark grey coloured. Examination of skin scrapings revealed that only three samples yielded mite parasite, one of these mites was sarcoptic mite and the other two mites could be identified as psoroptic mite.
In respect to seasonal influence, the percent of infection with mange was higher in hot months of the year (6.67%) than non hot months (3.19%). Meanwhile there was no significant difference in the percent of infection with mange in both sexes (non sex-linked disease). In regard to age susceptibility, the highest percent of infection with mange was 7.4% at camels between 7-8 years of age. Concerning spatial distribution, the highest prevalence of mange was found in El-Minea Governorate (17%).
Fifty out of 2377 examined camels showed signs of pseudotuberculosis, enlargement and suppuration of lymph nodes (ventral superficial cervical lymph, mandibular, axillary, accessory axillary and cubital lymph nodes). Some of the affected lymph nodes were hot, tender and slightly hard in consistency, meanwhile others were cold, tenderless and very hard in consistency. By incision, some abscesses discharged whitish or yellowish white caseo-purulent inspissated putty like material tinged with blood, other abscesses revealed no pus material. Bacteriological examination of pus samples revealed that Corynebacterium spp. was the predominant isolated bacteria either alone or mixed with other bacteria (53.7%).
Concerning seasonal influence, the percent of infection with pseudotuberculosis was nearly similar in hot (2.05%) and non hot months (2.15%) of the year, so season has no effect on occurrence of pseudotuberculosis. In regard to sex susceptibility, the percent of infection with pseudotuberculosis was higher in female camels (3.5%) than males (1.79%). Concerning age susceptibility, the highest percent of infection with pseudotuberculosis was 3.04% at camels between 9-10 years of age. Prevalence of pseudotuberculosis reached it’s peak at El Wady El Gadid Governorate (7.11%).
Thirty seven out of 2377 examined camels showed lesions of contagious skin necrosis in different parts of the animal body, these lesions appeared as areas of necrosed skin separated from the surrounding healthy skin, cold and very hard in consistency, when removed circular ulcer filled with white bloody pus remained. Microbiologically, the predominant isolated bacteria from these lesions was Staphylococcus aureus (60.61%).
In respect to seasonal influence, the percent of infection with contagious skin necrosis was high in hot months of the year (2.22%). Concerning sex susceptibility, there was no significant variation in the percent of infection with contagious skin necrosis in both sexes. In regard to age susceptibility, the highest percent of infection with contagious skin necrosis was 2.61% at camels between 9-10 years of age. Prevalence of contagious skin necrosis reached it’s peak at El Wady El Gadid Governorate (5.16%).
Skin abscesses were detected in twenty seven cases out of 2377 examined camels, either in the neck region, face and hind limb of the animal. These abscesses were rounded in shape, 5-7 cm in diameter , cold, painless and firm in consistency. Ruptured and incised abscesses contained thick, sticky yellow whitish pus tinged with blood. Bacteriological analysis of pus samples revealed that the predominant isolated Gram positive bacteria was Staphylococcus aureus, and Gram negative bacteria was Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
In regard to seasonal influence, the percent of infection with skin abscesses reached it’s peak at hot months of the year (1.6%). Concerning sex susceptibility, there was no significant variation in the percent of infection with skin abscesses in both sexes. In respect to age susceptibility, the highest percent of infection with skin abscesses was 2.17% at camels between 9-10 years of age. The highest prevalence of skin abscesses was 2.58% in El Wady El Gadid Governorate.
One hundred and forty out of 2377 camels were suffer from tick infestation and the most commonly affected sites were under the tail, around the anus, nostrils, udder and inguinal region. Tick infestation was more prevalent at the hot months of the year (8.36%), and the highest percent of infection with it was 8.26% at camels between 9-10 years of age, moreover, the highest prevalence of tick infestation was in Assiut Governorate (16.31%).
7.67% of camels with skin diseases were positive to trypanosoma infection by using blood film examination, meanwhile 31.95% were positive by using formol gel test, 30.35% were positive by using mercuric chloride test and 16.93% were positive by using thymol turbidity test. The percent of mixed infection of mange, pseudotuberculosis, contagious skin necrosis and skin abscesses with trypanosomosis were 40.9%, 50%, 64.86% and 55.6% respectively.
Summary
from July 2003 till July 2004, a total number of 2377 camels in different ages and sexes, and in different localities in Upper Egypt (El-Minea, Assiut, Sohage, El-Wady El Gadid, Aswan Governorates and Shalatin city) and in different seasons of the year. Of these camels, 313 cases were found with skin affections.
The different skin affections were classified according to the clinical observations and laboratory findings into: mange (4.84%), pseudotuberculosis (2.1%), contagious skin necrosis (1.56%), skin abscesses (1.14%) and tick infestation (5.9%).
One hundred and fifteen out of 2377 camels were demonstrating signs of mange in different parts of the animal body either in the acute or chronic stages of the disease in the form of severe itching, loss of hair, thickening and folding of the skin and in many cases skin became dark grey coloured. Examination of skin scrapings revealed that only three samples yielded mite parasite, one of these mites was sarcoptic mite and the other two mites could be identified as psoroptic mite.
In respect to seasonal influence, the percent of infection with mange was higher in hot months of the year (6.67%) than non hot months (3.19%). Meanwhile there was no significant difference in the percent of infection with mange in both sexes (non sex-linked disease). In regard to age susceptibility, the highest percent of infection with mange was 7.4% at camels between 7-8 years of age. Concerning spatial distribution, the highest prevalence of mange was found in El-Minea Governorate (17%).
Fifty out of 2377 examined camels showed signs of pseudotuberculosis, enlargement and suppuration of lymph nodes (ventral superficial cervical lymph, mandibular, axillary, accessory axillary and cubital lymph nodes). Some of the affected lymph nodes were hot, tender and slightly hard in consistency, meanwhile others were cold, tenderless and very hard in consistency. By incision, some abscesses discharged whitish or yellowish white caseo-purulent inspissated putty like material tinged with blood, other abscesses revealed no pus material. Bacteriological examination of pus samples revealed that Corynebacterium spp. was the predominant isolated bacteria either alone or mixed with other bacteria (53.7%).
Concerning seasonal influence, the percent of infection with pseudotuberculosis was nearly similar in hot (2.05%) and non hot months (2.15%) of the year, so season has no effect on occurrence of pseudotuberculosis. In regard to sex susceptibility, the percent of infection with pseudotuberculosis was higher in female camels (3.5%) than males (1.79%). Concerning age susceptibility, the highest percent of infection with pseudotuberculosis was 3.04% at camels between 9-10 years of age. Prevalence of pseudotuberculosis reached it’s peak at El Wady El Gadid Governorate (7.11%).
Thirty seven out of 2377 examined camels showed lesions of contagious skin necrosis in different parts of the animal body, these lesions appeared as areas of necrosed skin separated from the surrounding healthy skin, cold and very hard in consistency, when removed circular ulcer filled with white bloody pus remained. Microbiologically, the predominant isolated bacteria from these lesions was Staphylococcus aureus (60.61%).
In respect to seasonal influence, the percent of infection with contagious skin necrosis was high in hot months of the year (2.22%). Concerning sex susceptibility, there was no significant variation in the percent of infection with contagious skin necrosis in both sexes. In regard to age susceptibility, the highest percent of infection with contagious skin necrosis was 2.61% at camels between 9-10 years of age. Prevalence of contagious skin necrosis reached it’s peak at El Wady El Gadid Governorate (5.16%).
Skin abscesses were detected in twenty seven cases out of 2377 examined camels, either in the neck region, face and hind limb of the animal. These abscesses were rounded in shape, 5-7 cm in diameter , cold, painless and firm in consistency. Ruptured and incised abscesses contained thick, sticky yellow whitish pus tinged with blood. Bacteriological analysis of pus samples revealed that the predominant isolated Gram positive bacteria was Staphylococcus aureus, and Gram negative bacteria was Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
In regard to seasonal influence, the percent of infection with skin abscesses reached it’s peak at hot months of the year (1.6%). Concerning sex susceptibility, there was no significant variation in the percent of infection with skin abscesses in both sexes. In respect to age susceptibility, the highest percent of infection with skin abscesses was 2.17% at camels between 9-10 years of age. The highest prevalence of skin abscesses was 2.58% in El Wady El Gadid Governorate.
One hundred and forty out of 2377 camels were suffer from tick infestation and the most commonly affected sites were under the tail, around the anus, nostrils, udder and inguinal region. Tick infestation was more prevalent at the hot months of the year (8.36%), and the highest percent of infection with it was 8.26% at camels between 9-10 years of age, moreover, the highest prevalence of tick infestation was in Assiut Governorate (16.31%).
7.67% of camels with skin diseases were positive to trypanosoma infection by using blood film examination, meanwhile 31.95% were positive by using formol gel test, 30.35% were positive by using mercuric chloride test and 16.93% were positive by using thymol turbidity test. The percent of mixed infection of mange, pseudotuberculosis, contagious skin necrosis and skin abscesses with trypanosomosis were 40.9%, 50%, 64.86% and 55.6% respectively.
Summary
from July 2003 till July 2004, a total number of 2377 camels in different ages and sexes, and in different localities in Upper Egypt (El-Minea, Assiut, Sohage, El-Wady El Gadid, Aswan Governorates and Shalatin city) and in different seasons of the year. Of these camels, 313 cases were found with skin affections.
The different skin affections were classified according to the clinical observations and laboratory findings into: mange (4.84%), pseudotuberculosis (2.1%), contagious skin necrosis (1.56%), skin abscesses (1.14%) and tick infestation (5.9%).
One hundred and fifteen out of 2377 camels were demonstrating signs of mange in different parts of the animal body either in the acute or chronic stages of the disease in the form of severe itching, loss of hair, thickening and folding of the skin and in many cases skin became dark grey coloured. Examination of skin scrapings revealed that only three samples yielded mite parasite, one of these mites was sarcoptic mite and the other two mites could be identified as psoroptic mite.
In respect to seasonal influence, the percent of infection with mange was higher in hot months of the year (6.67%) than non hot months (3.19%). Meanwhile there was no significant difference in the percent of infection with mange in both sexes (non sex-linked disease). In regard to age susceptibility, the highest percent of infection with mange was 7.4% at camels between 7-8 years of age. Concerning spatial distribution, the highest prevalence of mange was found in El-Minea Governorate (17%).
Fifty out of 2377 examined camels showed signs of pseudotuberculosis, enlargement and suppuration of lymph nodes (ventral superficial cervical lymph, mandibular, axillary, accessory axillary and cubital lymph nodes). Some of the affected lymph nodes were hot, tender and slightly hard in consistency, meanwhile others were cold, tenderless and very hard in consistency. By incision, some abscesses discharged whitish or yellowish white caseo-purulent inspissated putty like material tinged with blood, other abscesses revealed no pus material. Bacteriological examination of pus samples revealed that Corynebacterium spp. was the predominant isolated bacteria either alone or mixed with other bacteria (53.7%).
Concerning seasonal influence, the percent of infection with pseudotuberculosis was nearly similar in hot (2.05%) and non hot months (2.15%) of the year, so season has no effect on occurrence of pseudotuberculosis. In regard to sex susceptibility, the percent of infection with pseudotuberculosis was higher in female camels (3.5%) than males (1.79%). Concerning age susceptibility, the highest percent of infection with pseudotuberculosis was 3.04% at camels between 9-10 years of age. Prevalence of pseudotuberculosis reached it’s peak at El Wady El Gadid Governorate (7.11%).
Thirty seven out of 2377 examined camels showed lesions of contagious skin necrosis in different parts of the animal body, these lesions appeared as areas of necrosed skin separated from the surrounding healthy skin, cold and very hard in consistency, when removed circular ulcer filled with white bloody pus remained. Microbiologically, the predominant isolated bacteria from these lesions was Staphylococcus aureus (60.61%).
In respect to seasonal influence, the percent of infection with contagious skin necrosis was high in hot months of the year (2.22%). Concerning sex susceptibility, there was no significant variation in the percent of infection with contagious skin necrosis in both sexes. In regard to age susceptibility, the highest percent of infection with contagious skin necrosis was 2.61% at camels between 9-10 years of age. Prevalence of contagious skin necrosis reached it’s peak at El Wady El Gadid Governorate (5.16%).
Skin abscesses were detected in twenty seven cases out of 2377 examined camels, either in the neck region, face and hind limb of the animal. These abscesses were rounded in shape, 5-7 cm in diameter , cold, painless and firm in consistency. Ruptured and incised abscesses contained thick, sticky yellow whitish pus tinged with blood. Bacteriological analysis of pus samples revealed that the predominant isolated Gram positive bacteria was Staphylococcus aureus, and Gram negative bacteria was Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
In regard to seasonal influence, the percent of infection with skin abscesses reached it’s peak at hot months of the year (1.6%). Concerning sex susceptibility, there was no significant variation in the percent of infection with skin abscesses in both sexes. In respect to age susceptibility, the highest percent of infection with skin abscesses was 2.17% at camels between 9-10 years of age. The highest prevalence of skin abscesses was 2.58% in El Wady El Gadid Governorate.
One hundred and forty out of 2377 camels were suffer from tick infestation and the most commonly affected sites were under the tail, around the anus, nostrils, udder and inguinal region. Tick infestation was more prevalent at the hot months of the year (8.36%), and the highest percent of infection with it was 8.26% at camels between 9-10 years of age, moreover, the highest prevalence of tick infestation was in Assiut Governorate (16.31%).
7.67% of camels with skin diseases were positive to trypanosoma infection by using blood film examination, meanwhile 31.95% were positive by using formol gel test, 30.35% were positive by using mercuric chloride test and 16.93% were positive by using thymol turbidity test. The percent of mixed infection of mange, pseudotuberculosis, contagious skin necrosis and skin abscesses with trypanosomosis were 40.9%, 50%, 64.86% and 55.6% respectively.
Summary
from July 2003 till July 2004, a total number of 2377 camels in different ages and sexes, and in different localities in Upper Egypt (El-Minea, Assiut, Sohage, El-Wady El Gadid, Aswan Governorates and Shalatin city) and in different seasons of the year. Of these camels, 313 cases were found with skin affections.
The different skin affections were classified according to the clinical observations and laboratory findings into: mange (4.84%), pseudotuberculosis (2.1%), contagious skin necrosis (1.56%), skin abscesses (1.14%) and tick infestation (5.9%).
One hundred and fifteen out of 2377 camels were demonstrating signs of mange in different parts of the animal body either in the acute or chronic stages of the disease in the form of severe itching, loss of hair, thickening and folding of the skin and in many cases skin became dark grey coloured. Examination of skin scrapings revealed that only three samples yielded mite parasite, one of these mites was sarcoptic mite and the other two mites could be identified as psoroptic mite.
In respect to seasonal influence, the percent of infection with mange was higher in hot months of the year (6.67%) than non hot months (3.19%). Meanwhile there was no significant difference in the percent of infection with mange in both sexes (non sex-linked disease). In regard to age susceptibility, the highest percent of infection with mange was 7.4% at camels between 7-8 years of age. Concerning spatial distribution, the highest prevalence of mange was found in El-Minea Governorate (17%).
Fifty out of 2377 examined camels showed signs of pseudotuberculosis, enlargement and suppuration of lymph nodes (ventral superficial cervical lymph, mandibular, axillary, accessory axillary and cubital lymph nodes). Some of the affected lymph nodes were hot, tender and slightly hard in consistency, meanwhile others were cold, tenderless and very hard in consistency. By incision, some abscesses discharged whitish or yellowish white caseo-purulent inspissated putty like material tinged with blood, other abscesses revealed no pus material. Bacteriological examination of pus samples revealed that Corynebacterium spp. was the predominant isolated bacteria either alone or mixed with other bacteria (53.7%).
Concerning seasonal influence, the percent of infection with pseudotuberculosis was nearly similar in hot (2.05%) and non hot months (2.15%) of the year, so season has no effect on occurrence of pseudotuberculosis. In regard to sex susceptibility, the percent of infection with pseudotuberculosis was higher in female camels (3.5%) than males (1.79%). Concerning age susceptibility, the highest percent of infection with pseudotuberculosis was 3.04% at camels between 9-10 years of age. Prevalence of pseudotuberculosis reached it’s peak at El Wady El Gadid Governorate (7.11%).
Thirty seven out of 2377 examined camels showed lesions of contagious skin necrosis in different parts of the animal body, these lesions appeared as areas of necrosed skin separated from the surrounding healthy skin, cold and very hard in consistency, when removed circular ulcer filled with white bloody pus remained. Microbiologically, the predominant isolated bacteria from these lesions was Staphylococcus aureus (60.61%).
In respect to seasonal influence, the percent of infection with contagious skin necrosis was high in hot months of the year (2.22%). Concerning sex susceptibility, there was no significant variation in the percent of infection with contagious skin necrosis in both sexes. In regard to age susceptibility, the highest percent of infection with contagious skin necrosis was 2.61% at camels between 9-10 years of age. Prevalence of contagious skin necrosis reached it’s peak at El Wady El Gadid Governorate (5.16%).
Skin abscesses were detected in twenty seven cases out of 2377 examined camels, either in the neck region, face and hind limb of the animal. These abscesses were rounded in shape, 5-7 cm in diameter , cold, painless and firm in consistency. Ruptured and incised abscesses contained thick, sticky yellow whitish pus tinged with blood. Bacteriological analysis of pus samples revealed that the predominant isolated Gram positive bacteria was Staphylococcus aureus, and Gram negative bacteria was Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
In regard to seasonal influence, the percent of infection with skin abscesses reached it’s peak at hot months of the year (1.6%). Concerning sex susceptibility, there was no significant variation in the percent of infection with skin abscesses in both sexes. In respect to age susceptibility, the highest percent of infection with skin abscesses was 2.17% at camels between 9-10 years of age. The highest prevalence of skin abscesses was 2.58% in El Wady El Gadid Governorate.
One hundred and forty out of 2377 camels were suffer from tick infestation and the most commonly affected sites were under the tail, around the anus, nostrils, udder and inguinal region. Tick infestation was more prevalent at the hot months of the year (8.36%), and the highest percent of infection with it was 8.26% at camels between 9-10 years of age, moreover, the highest prevalence of tick infestation was in Assiut Governorate (16.31%).
7.67% of camels with skin diseases were positive to trypanosoma infection by using blood film examination, meanwhile 31.95% were positive by using formol gel test, 30.35% were positive by using mercuric chloride test and 16.93% were positive by using thymol turbidity test. The percent of mixed infection of mange, pseudotuberculosis, contagious skin necrosis and skin abscesses with trypanosomosis were 40.9%, 50%, 64.86% and 55.6% respectively.
Summary
from July 2003 till July 2004, a total number of 2377 camels in different ages and sexes, and in different localities in Upper Egypt (El-Minea, Assiut, Sohage, El-Wady El Gadid, Aswan Governorates and Shalatin city) and in different seasons of the year. Of these camels, 313 cases were found with skin affections.
The different skin affections were classified according to the clinical observations and laboratory findings into: mange (4.84%), pseudotuberculosis (2.1%), contagious skin necrosis (1.56%), skin abscesses (1.14%) and tick infestation (5.9%).
One hundred and fifteen out of 2377 camels were demonstrating signs of mange in different parts of the animal body either in the acute or chronic stages of the disease in the form of severe itching, loss of hair, thickening and folding of the skin and in many cases skin became dark grey coloured. Examination of skin scrapings revealed that only three samples yielded mite parasite, one of these mites was sarcoptic mite and the other two mites could be identified as psoroptic mite.
In respect to seasonal influence, the percent of infection with mange was higher in hot months of the year (6.67%) than non hot months (3.19%). Meanwhile there was no significant difference in the percent of infection with mange in both sexes (non sex-linked disease). In regard to age susceptibility, the highest percent of infection with mange was 7.4% at camels between 7-8 years of age. Concerning spatial distribution, the highest prevalence of mange was found in El-Minea Governorate (17%).
Fifty out of 2377 examined camels showed signs of pseudotuberculosis, enlargement and suppuration of lymph nodes (ventral superficial cervical lymph, mandibular, axillary, accessory axillary and cubital lymph nodes). Some of the affected lymph nodes were hot, tender and slightly hard in consistency, meanwhile others were cold, tenderless and very hard in consistency. By incision, some abscesses discharged whitish or yellowish white caseo-purulent inspissated putty like material tinged with blood, other abscesses revealed no pus material. Bacteriological examination of pus samples revealed that Corynebacterium spp. was the predominant isolated bacteria either alone or mixed with other bacteria (53.7%).
Concerning seasonal influence, the percent of infection with pseudotuberculosis was nearly similar in hot (2.05%) and non hot months (2.15%) of the year, so season has no effect on occurrence of pseudotuberculosis. In regard to sex susceptibility, the percent of infection with pseudotuberculosis was higher in female camels (3.5%) than males (1.79%). Concerning age susceptibility, the highest percent of infection with pseudotuberculosis was 3.04% at camels between 9-10 years of age. Prevalence of pseudotuberculosis reached it’s peak at El Wady El Gadid Governorate (7.11%).
Thirty seven out of 2377 examined camels showed lesions of contagious skin necrosis in different parts of the animal body, these lesions appeared as areas of necrosed skin separated from the surrounding healthy skin, cold and very hard in consistency, when removed circular ulcer filled with white bloody pus remained. Microbiologically, the predominant isolated bacteria from these lesions was Staphylococcus aureus (60.61%).
In respect to seasonal influence, the percent of infection with contagious skin necrosis was high in hot months of the year (2.22%). Concerning sex susceptibility, there was no significant variation in the percent of infection with contagious skin necrosis in both sexes. In regard to age susceptibility, the highest percent of infection with contagious skin necrosis was 2.61% at camels between 9-10 years of age. Prevalence of contagious skin necrosis reached it’s peak at El Wady El Gadid Governorate (5.16%).
Skin abscesses were detected in twenty seven cases out of 2377 examined camels, either in the neck region, face and hind limb of the animal. These abscesses were rounded in shape, 5-7 cm in diameter , cold, painless and firm in consistency. Ruptured and incised abscesses contained thick, sticky yellow whitish pus tinged with blood. Bacteriological analysis of pus samples revealed that the predominant isolated Gram positive bacteria was Staphylococcus aureus, and Gram negative bacteria was Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
In regard to seasonal influence, the percent of infection with skin abscesses reached it’s peak at hot months of the year (1.6%). Concerning sex susceptibility, there was no significant variation in the percent of infection with skin abscesses in both sexes. In respect to age susceptibility, the highest percent of infection with skin abscesses was 2.17% at camels between 9-10 years of age. The highest prevalence of skin abscesses was 2.58% in El Wady El Gadid Governorate.
One hundred and forty out of 2377 camels were suffer from tick infestation and the most commonly affected sites were under the tail, around the anus, nostrils, udder and inguinal region. Tick infestation was more prevalent at the hot months of the year (8.36%), and the highest percent of infection with it was 8.26% at camels between 9-10 years of age, moreover, the highest prevalence of tick infestation was in Assiut Governorate (16.31%).
7.67% of camels with skin diseases were positive to trypanosoma infection by using blood film examination, meanwhile 31.95% were positive by using formol gel test, 30.35% were positive by using mercuric chloride test and 16.93% were positive by using thymol turbidity test. The percent of mixed infection of mange, pseudotuberculosis, contagious skin necrosis and skin abscesses with trypanosomosis were 40.9%, 50%, 64.86% and 55.6% respectively.
Summary
from July 2003 till July 2004, a total number of 2377 camels in different ages and sexes, and in different localities in Upper Egypt (El-Minea, Assiut, Sohage, El-Wady El Gadid, Aswan Governorates and Shalatin city) and in different seasons of the year. Of these camels, 313 cases were found with skin affections.
The different skin affections were classified according to the clinical observations and laboratory findings into: mange (4.84%), pseudotuberculosis (2.1%), contagious skin necrosis (1.56%), skin abscesses (1.14%) and tick infestation (5.9%).
One hundred and fifteen out of 2377 camels were demonstrating signs of mange in different parts of the animal body either in the acute or chronic stages of the disease in the form of severe itching, loss of hair, thickening and folding of the skin and in many cases skin became dark grey coloured. Examination of skin scrapings revealed that only three samples yielded mite parasite, one of these mites was sarcoptic mite and the other two mites could be identified as psoroptic mite.
In respect to seasonal influence, the percent of infection with mange was higher in hot months of the year (6.67%) than non hot months (3.19%). Meanwhile there was no significant difference in the percent of infection with mange in both sexes (non sex-linked disease). In regard to age susceptibility, the highest percent of infection with mange was 7.4% at camels between 7-8 years of age. Concerning spatial distribution, the highest prevalence of mange was found in El-Minea Governorate (17%).
Fifty out of 2377 examined camels showed signs of pseudotuberculosis, enlargement and suppuration of lymph nodes (ventral superficial cervical lymph, mandibular, axillary, accessory axillary and cubital lymph nodes). Some of the affected lymph nodes were hot, tender and slightly hard in consistency, meanwhile others were cold, tenderless and very hard in consistency. By incision, some abscesses discharged whitish or yellowish white caseo-purulent inspissated putty like material tinged with blood, other abscesses revealed no pus material. Bacteriological examination of pus samples revealed that Corynebacterium spp. was the predominant isolated bacteria either alone or mixed with other bacteria (53.7%).
Concerning seasonal influence, the percent of infection with pseudotuberculosis was nearly similar in hot (2.05%) and non hot months (2.15%) of the year, so season has no effect on occurrence of pseudotuberculosis. In regard to sex susceptibility, the percent of infection with pseudotuberculosis was higher in female camels (3.5%) than males (1.79%). Concerning age susceptibility, the highest percent of infection with pseudotuberculosis was 3.04% at camels between 9-10 years of age. Prevalence of pseudotuberculosis reached it’s peak at El Wady El Gadid Governorate (7.11%).
Thirty seven out of 2377 examined camels showed lesions of contagious skin necrosis in different parts of the animal body, these lesions appeared as areas of necrosed skin separated from the surrounding healthy skin, cold and very hard in consistency, when removed circular ulcer filled with white bloody pus remained. Microbiologically, the predominant isolated bacteria from these lesions was Staphylococcus aureus (60.61%).
In respect to seasonal influence, the percent of infection with contagious skin necrosis was high in hot months of the year (2.22%). Concerning sex susceptibility, there was no significant variation in the percent of infection with contagious skin necrosis in both sexes. In regard to age susceptibility, the highest percent of infection with contagious skin necrosis was 2.61% at camels between 9-10 years of age. Prevalence of contagious skin necrosis reached it’s peak at El Wady El Gadid Governorate (5.16%).
Skin abscesses were detected in twenty seven cases out of 2377 examined camels, either in the neck region, face and hind limb of the animal. These abscesses were rounded in shape, 5-7 cm in diameter , cold, painless and firm in consistency. Ruptured and incised abscesses contained thick, sticky yellow whitish pus tinged with blood. Bacteriological analysis of pus samples revealed that the predominant isolated Gram positive bacteria was Staphylococcus aureus, and Gram negative bacteria was Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
In regard to seasonal influence, the percent of infection with skin abscesses reached it’s peak at hot months of the year (1.6%). Concerning sex susceptibility, there was no significant variation in the percent of infection with skin abscesses in both sexes. In respect to age susceptibility, the highest percent of infection with skin abscesses was 2.17% at camels between 9-10 years of age. The highest prevalence of skin abscesses was 2.58% in El Wady El Gadid Governorate.
One hundred and forty out of 2377 camels were suffer from tick infestation and the most commonly affected sites were under the tail, around the anus, nostrils, udder and inguinal region. Tick infestation was more prevalent at the hot months of the year (8.36%), and the highest percent of infection with it was 8.26% at camels between 9-10 years of age, moreover, the highest prevalence of tick infestation was in Assiut Governorate (16.31%).
7.67% of camels with skin diseases were positive to trypanosoma infection by using blood film examination, meanwhile 31.95% were positive by using formol gel test, 30.35% were positive by using mercuric chloride test and 16.93% were positive by using thymol turbidity test. The percent of mixed infection of mange, pseudotuberculosis, contagious skin necrosis and skin abscesses with trypanosomosis were 40.9%, 50%, 64.86% and 55.6% respectively.
Summary
from July 2003 till July 2004, a total number of 2377 camels in different ages and sexes, and in different localities in Upper Egypt (El-Minea, Assiut, Sohage, El-Wady El Gadid, Aswan Governorates and Shalatin city) and in different seasons of the year. Of these camels, 313 cases were found with skin affections.
The different skin affections were classified according to the clinical observations and laboratory findings into: mange (4.84%), pseudotuberculosis (2.1%), contagious skin necrosis (1.56%), skin abscesses (1.14%) and tick infestation (5.9%).
One hundred and fifteen out of 2377 camels were demonstrating signs of mange in different parts of the animal body either in the acute or chronic stages of the disease in the form of severe itching, loss of hair, thickening and folding of the skin and in many cases skin became dark grey coloured. Examination of skin scrapings revealed that only three samples yielded mite parasite, one of these mites was sarcoptic mite and the other two mites could be identified as psoroptic mite.
In respect to seasonal influence, the percent of infection with mange was higher in hot months of the year (6.67%) than non hot months (3.19%). Meanwhile there was no significant difference in the percent of infection with mange in both sexes (non sex-linked disease). In regard to age susceptibility, the highest percent of infection with mange was 7.4% at camels between 7-8 years of age. Concerning spatial distribution, the highest prevalence of mange was found in El-Minea Governorate (17%).
Fifty out of 2377 examined camels showed signs of pseudotuberculosis, enlargement and suppuration of lymph nodes (ventral superficial cervical lymph, mandibular, axillary, accessory axillary and cubital lymph nodes). Some of the affected lymph nodes were hot, tender and slightly hard in consistency, meanwhile others were cold, tenderless and very hard in consistency. By incision, some abscesses discharged whitish or yellowish white caseo-purulent inspissated putty like material tinged with blood, other abscesses revealed no pus material. Bacteriological examination of pus samples revealed that Corynebacterium spp. was the predominant isolated bacteria either alone or mixed with other bacteria (53.7%).
Concerning seasonal influence, the percent of infection with pseudotuberculosis was nearly similar in hot (2.05%) and non hot months (2.15%) of the year, so season has no effect on occurrence of pseudotuberculosis. In regard to sex susceptibility, the percent of infection with pseudotuberculosis was higher in female camels (3.5%) than males (1.79%). Concerning age susceptibility, the highest percent of infection with pseudotuberculosis was 3.04% at camels between 9-10 years of age. Prevalence of pseudotuberculosis reached it’s peak at El Wady El Gadid Governorate (7.11%).
Thirty seven out of 2377 examined camels showed lesions of contagious skin necrosis in different parts of the animal body, these lesions appeared as areas of necrosed skin separated from the surrounding healthy skin, cold and very hard in consistency, when removed circular ulcer filled with white bloody pus remained. Microbiologically, the predominant isolated bacteria from these lesions was Staphylococcus aureus (60.61%).
In respect to seasonal influence, the percent of infection with contagious skin necrosis was high in hot months of the year (2.22%). Concerning sex susceptibility, there was no significant variation in the percent of infection with contagious skin necrosis in both sexes. In regard to age susceptibility, the highest percent of infection with contagious skin necrosis was 2.61% at camels between 9-10 years of age. Prevalence of contagious skin necrosis reached it’s peak at El Wady El Gadid Governorate (5.16%).
Skin abscesses were detected in twenty seven cases out of 2377 examined camels, either in the neck region, face and hind limb of the animal. These abscesses were rounded in shape, 5-7 cm in diameter , cold, painless and firm in consistency. Ruptured and incised abscesses contained thick, sticky yellow whitish pus tinged with blood. Bacteriological analysis of pus samples revealed that the predominant isolated Gram positive bacteria was Staphylococcus aureus, and Gram negative bacteria was Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
In regard to seasonal influence, the percent of infection with skin abscesses reached it’s peak at hot months of the year (1.6%). Concerning sex susceptibility, there was no significant variation in the percent of infection with skin abscesses in both sexes. In respect to age susceptibility, the highest percent of infection with skin abscesses was 2.17% at camels between 9-10 years of age. The highest prevalence of skin abscesses was 2.58% in El Wady El Gadid Governorate.
One hundred and forty out of 2377 camels were suffer from tick infestation and the most commonly affected sites were under the tail, around the anus, nostrils, udder and inguinal region. Tick infestation was more prevalent at the hot months of the year (8.36%), and the highest percent of infection with it was 8.26% at camels between 9-10 years of age, moreover, the highest prevalence of tick infestation was in Assiut Governorate (16.31%).
7.67% of camels with skin diseases were positive to trypanosoma infection by using blood film examination, meanwhile 31.95% were positive by using formol gel test, 30.35% were positive by using mercuric chloride test and 16.93% were positive by using thymol turbidity test. The percent of mixed infection of mange, pseudotuberculosis, contagious skin necrosis and skin abscesses with trypanosomosis were 40.9%, 50%, 64.86% and 55.6% respectively.