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Abstract This work was carried out to study the effect of treated olive trees pruning by-products(leaves and twigs) biologically and chemically on its chemical composition, fiber constituents, nutrients digestibility, rumen fermentation, ruminal protozoa count, blood parameters and sheep performance. Laboratory trials were carried out to choose the perfect period for fungus to be growing. Six digestibility trials were carried out using the following treatments: T1: Concentrate feed mixture (CFM) + Berseem hay (Control). T2: CFM+ Air-dried olive trees by- products untreated. T3: CFM + olive trees by-products treated with 4% urea. T4: CFM + olive trees by-products treated with Phanerochaete chrysosporium + Saccharomyces cerevisiae. T5: CFM+ olive trees byproducts treated with Trichoderma viride + S. cerevisiae. T6: CFM+ olive trees by-products treated P. chrysosporium + T. viride + S. cerevisiae. Three growing trials were carried out using female lambs as followed: T (1): CFM + berseem hay (control). T (2): CFM +olive leaves and twigs treated with urea. T (3): CFM +olive leaves and twigs treated with T. viride+ S. cerevisiae. At the end of the growing trials 3 digestibility trails were carried out. The data of the laboratory trials showed that inoculation for fungi and yeast with olive by-products for 20 days had the best results for chemical composition and fiber fraction. The main results showed that urea and biological treatments tended to increase (P<0.01) total dry matter intake more than untreated group T2 being 956.25 and 954.92 vs 894.37 g/h/d; respectively. The digestibilities of DM and OM were significantly differed. All treatments tended to increase (P<0.01) CP, CF and it’s fractions digestibilities more than untreated group. Control group T1 followed by urea treatment T3 and biological treatment with T. vi. and S. ce. (T5) had the highest CP, CF and it’s fractions digestibilities. Urea treatment had the highest values of TDN and DCP (% of intake). Water balance showed highly significant difference among treatments. Nitrogenbalance was higher in treated groups than untreated group being 4.88, 4.14 and 3.09 for T3, T5 and T2; respectively. Biological treatment had the highest value of ruminal pH. Urea treatment (T1) increased (P<0.01) ruminal TVFA’s being 8.24 vs 6.57 for untreated. All treatments increased (P<0.01) ruminal total nitrogen, NPN, ammonia and total ruminal protozoa count more than untreated group. Biological treatments and urea treatment increased (p<0.01) serum total proteins, albumin, globulin, urea, creatinine, GOT and GPT more than control. The data of growing trials indicated that feed intake was not affected by treatments. Urea treatment (T2) and biological treatment (T3) showed higher final body weight and average daily gain than the control group being; 143.66, 137.87 and 135.61g /day. The lowest feed cost was for urea treatment followed by biological treatment with T. vi. and S. ce. Total proteins, albumin, globulin, A/G ratio, urea, creatinine and GOT concentrations increased (P<0.01) in urea treatment followed by biological treatment with T.viride + S.cerevisiae, all blood parameters showed gradual increase (P<0.01) from the first month to the six month. The data of digestibility trials on sheep females almost had the same trend of males digestibility trials. It can be concluded that feeding sheep on olive trees pruning byproducts treated biologically or chemically improved rumen fermentation, nutrients digestibility, ruminal protozoa count and blood parameters. |