الفهرس 
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Abstract
The target of this study is to find out the optimum
requirements of wheat crop to N.P. and K fertilization as well as
the appropriate seeding rate under the newly reclaimed calcareous
soil conditions of Nubaria.
Two separate field experiments were designed for such study
and carried out at Nubaria Agricultural Research Station.
Agriculture Research Center. Those experiments were for repeated
two successive winter growing seasons (1990/91 and 1991/92).
Calcareo~5 soil structure of the experimental units
contained 75.0 -77.5% sand and 22.5 - 25.0% calcium carbonate.
The first experiment was designed to study the response of
wheat to various N.P and K fertilization in a split-plot design
with four replications. Thirty treatments were used. These were
the combination of 5 N levels (Zero.30.60.90 and 120 KgN/fad.). 3
P levels (Zero,15.and 30 Kg PaOo/fad.). and 2 K levels (Zero and
48 K20/fad.). The second experiment was conducted to find out
the appropriate seeding rate of wheat under different N
fertilization levels under the calcareous soil conditions.
Experiments were laid out in a split -plot design in four
replications. Seeding rates were 30,50 and 70 Kg/fad. and N
levels were Zero.30.60.90 and 120 Kg/fad. (as ammonium nitrnte.
33% N) .
Sakha 69 wheat cultivar generated by the ARC was used in
these studies.
Data on growth characteristics. yield components. grain
yield. straw yield and protein percentage in grain were collected
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and subjected to the appropriate statistical analysis.
R••ult are .uamar1zed •• follow.:
First Experiment:
Effect of Nitrogen. Phosphorus and
Levels on the Growth and Yield of Wheat
Soil Condition:
1- The increase in N application level significantly delayed
heading and maturity dates. Maturity was delayed by about 27
days when N level was increased from Zero up to 120 Kg/fad.
(averaged over the two growing seasons).
2- The increase in N level significantly increased flag leaf
area. plant height. spike length. number of spikelets/spike.
number of grains /spike. spike yield. number of spikes/m •
1000-grain weight. grain yield/fad. straw yield/fad. and
Potassium Application
Grown under Calcareous
protein percentage.
3- Applying N at a rate of 30.60.90.and 120 Kg/fad. increased
grain yield. over the control by 125.297.432 and 505%.
respectively in the first season. being 135. 254.399 and 426%
in the second season.
4- Applying N at a rate of 30.60.90 and 120 Kg/fad. increa~ed
straw yield over the check treatment by 163.332.411 and 471%.
respectively in the first season. being 132. 227.325 and 375%
in the second season.
S- Increasing N level from Zero to 120 Kg/fad. increased protein%
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from 10.85 to 12.66% in the first season and from 9.33 to .
12.06% in the second season one.
6- The increase in phosphorus application level significantly
accelerated heading but delayed maturity date by about one to
tw~ days.
7- Phosphorus application exhibited no significant effect on
flag leaf area. plant height. spike length. number of
spike lets/spike. number of grains/spike. spike yield. number
of spikes/rna. lODO-grain weight. straw yield and protein%.
8- The applied phosphorus application levels significantly
increased grain yield of wheat. Applying P at a rate 15Kg
PaQ/fad. increased grain yield by 13.5 and 20.0% over the
control in the first and second season. respectively.
9- Potassium application had no significant effect on heading
date. maturity date. flag leaf area. plant height. spike
length. number of spikelets/spike. number of grains/spike.
spike yield. and straw yield.
10- Potassium application at a rate of 48/Kg ~ O/fad.reduced
protein% significantly in the first season.
11- Significant interaction effects were obtained between: Nand
P on maturity date in both seasons: Nand P on grain
yield/fad. in the first season Nand K on flag leaf area in
the first season; Nand K on n~er of spikes/~ in the
second season; P and K on flag leaf area in the second
season; N.P and K on grain yield/fad. in the first season.
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12- It could be concluded that the application of 90 to 120
Kg N/fad. + 15Kg ~ Q is recommended for fertilizing wheat in
calcareous soil. However. further increase in P application
level could be tried in future study under more controlled
conditions to overcome P fixation in the calcareous soil.
Second Experiment:
Effect of Nitrogen level and S.eding Rate on Growth and Yield of
Wheat Grown under Calcareou8 Soil Conditions:
Results could be summarized as follows:
1- Increasing seeding rate from 30 to 70 Kg/fad. significantly
increased number of spikeB/~ by 21 to 29%. grain yield/fad.
by 20 to 50% and straw yield/fad. by 27 to 75%.
2- Seeding rate exhibited no significant affect on heading date.
maturity date. flag leaf area. plant height. number of
spike lets/spike. number of grains/spike. spike yield and
grain protein%.
3- The increase in seeding rate from 30 to 70 Kg/fad. reduced the
1000-grain weight by 2.8 and 3.4% in the first and second
season. respectively.
4- Increasing N level from Zero to 120 Kg/fad. significantly
delayed heading date by 4.0 to 4.65 days and maturity by 22-25
days.
5- Nitrogen application levels significantl~ increased flag leaf
area. plant height, grain yield components. number of
spikes/m2
• grain and straw yields and protein%.
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6- Applying N at a rate of 30,60,90 and 120 Kg/fad. increased
grain yield over the control by 185,347,446 and 482%,
respectively in the first season. The respective increases in
the second season were 33,82,87 and 91% for the same N
levels.
7- straw yield increased from 181 to 529% in the first season and
from 24 to 191% in the second season over the control due to
N application at a rate of 30 to 120 Kg/fad. compared with the
control.
8- The interaction effect between seeding rate and N level was
significant on flag leaf area (in the second season) grain
yield/fad. (in both season)
9- Under the calcareous soil condition, seeding rate of 70Kg/fad.
and N application at a rate of 90 to 120 Kg/fad. could be
recommended for better wheat production.