الفهرس 
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Abstract
Two field experiments were carried out at the Agricultural
Research and Experiment center of the Faculty of Agriculture at
Moshtohor, Kalubia Governorate, Zagazig University during 1995 and
1996 seasons to study the effect of seedbed preparation and biological
fertilizer treatments on chemical and biological properties of soil, growth
characters, yield and its components of maize cultivar single cross 128.
The soil was clay loam with pH 7.7. Each experiment included the
combination of five seedbed preparation treatments and four treatments
of biological fertilizer. The design of the experiment was split plot design
with four replications. The treatments were as follows:
A -Seedbed preparation:
I-Zero tillage or no-tillage.
2-Chisel plow (once) alone.
3-Chisel plow (twice).
4-Moldboard plow (once) alone.
5-Moldboard plow (once) + chisel plow (once).
B-Biological fertilizer treatments:
I-Control: without application of agrispon or cerialin.
2-Foliar application of agrispon. Spraying was carried out once, 45 days
from planting.
3.Bacterial inoculation. Nrfixing bacteria i.e cerialin (Azospirillum
lipoferum strain).
4-Spraying of agrispon + inoculation of cerialin.
The important results of this study could be summarized as follows:
I-Chemical and bllllgical prlPerlles ., Sill
A-Effect of seedbed preparation:
I-pH value was not affected by seedbed preparation treatments in
both seasons.
2-The salinity values were markedly lower with moldboard plow
(once) as well as moldboard plow (once) + chisel plow (once)
compared with no- tillage.
3-The mean values of organic matter, total nitrogen, total
phosphorus, avialable nitrogen and phosphorus were increased
by plowing the soil either by chisel or moldboard plow in both
season. Moldboard plow (once) + chisel plow (once) gave the
highest values of the above characters.
4-Moldboard plow alone or with chisel plow gave the maximum
number ofazospirilla followed by chisel plow (twice) and chisel
plow (once).
B-Effect of biological fertilizer:
I-pH and E.C. values did not differ under different biological
fertilizer treatments.
2-0rganic matter and total nitrogen in the soil increased by bacterial
inoculation or foliar appplication of agrispon.
3-Foliar application of agrispon gave the highest values of available
nitrogen and phosphorus in the soil in the first season, whereas in
the second season, foliar application of agrispon + bacterial
inoculation gave the highest ones.
4-Biological fertilizers under study caused an increase in number of
azospirilla in the two growing season. The highest azospirilla counts
was obtained from biological inoculation with foliar application of
agrispon. There was no difference in azospirilla counts between
bacterial inoculation alone or with agrispon treatments in both
seasons.
”-E-8I1IDCI perceDtag. aDdlltal welds
A-Effect of seedbed preparation:
l-The Emergence percentage was significantly increased by using
seedbed preparation treatments. The highest percentage of plants
was obtained after moldboard plow (once) + chisal plow (once),
while the lowest one was obtained after no-tillage.
2-All seedbed preparation treatments under study were significantly
superior in depressing weed growth compared with no-tillage
treatment. The best tillage system in reducing fresh and dry
weight of weeds were moldboard plow (once) + chisel plow
(once) and moldboard plow (once) alone.
B-Effect of biological fertilizers:
’l-Fresh and dry weight of weeds were not significantly influenced
by foliar application of agrispon or bacterial inoculation at
different growth periods in both seasons.
C-Interaction .effect:
1-The effect of the interaction between seedbed preparation and
biological fertilizer was not significant for fresh and dry weight
of weeds at different periods of plant growth in both seasons
except fresh weight of weeds at 60 days from sowing in the first
season.
2-Foliar application of agrlspon + bacterial inoculation after
moldboard plow (once) + chisel plow (once) reduced fresh
weight of weeds.
III-Growth characters
A-Effect of seedbed preparations:
I-Plant height and stem diameter at 60, 75 and 90 days from sowing
were significantly increased by different seedbed preparation
treatments as compared to no-tillage in both seasons. moldboard
plow (once) + chisel plow once gave the tallest plants and
maximum values of stem diameter at different growth periods of
plant.
2-There were significant differences between the mean values of
number of leaves! plant of the five seedbed preparation treatments
at 60 , 7S and 90 days from planting. Moldboard plow (once) +
chisel plow (once) treatment gave the highest number of leaves I
plant at 60, 75 and 90 days from planting, whereas, the lowest
ones were produced after no-tillage treatment at the respective
sampling dates.
3-Ear height was significantly increased by plowing and moldboard
plow (once) + chisel plow (once) gave the highest value of ear
height.
4-Fresh and dry weight of maize plant organs were significantly
influenced by seedbed preparation at 60 and 90 days from sowing
in the two growing seasons. The highest fresh and dry weight of
leaves, stem + sheeths + tassel and ear were obtained by
moldboard plow (once) + chisel plow (once).
S-Leaf area of the topmost ear was significantly increased by using
seedbed preparation in both seasons. Moldboard plow (once) +
chisel plow (once) gave the highest leaf area of the topmost ear.
B-Effect of biological fertilizers:
l-Foliar application of agrispon and bacterial inoculation did not
significantly affect plant height, number of leaves per plant and
stem diameter at 60,75 and 90 days from swoing, ear height at 75
and 90 days from sowing, fresh and dry weight of stem + sheaths
+ tassel at 60 and 90 days from sowing, fresh and dry weight of
ear per plant at 90 days from sowing .
2-Fresh weight of leaves per plant at 60 and 90 days from sowing
were significantly increased by agrispon, bacterial inoculation and
the combination of them compared to the control treatment in
both seasons also, biological fertilizer treatments significantly
increased the dry weight of leaves per plant at 60 days from
sowing in the first season only. Foliar application of agrispon +
bacterial inoculation gave the maximum weight of leaves per
plant at the different periods of plant growth.
3- Leaf area of the topmost ear. was not significantly affected by
biological fertilizers in the two growing seasons.
C-Interaction effect:
I-The effect of interaction between seedbed preparation and
biological fertilizer treatments was not significant for all studied
characters of growth except ear height at 75 days from sowing
and dry weight of stem + sheaths + tassel per plant at 60 days
from sowing in the first season only.
2-Foliar application of agrispon after moldboardplow (once) + chisel
plow (once) gave the highest values of ear height at 75 days from
sowing and dry weight of stem + sheaths + tassel per plant at 60
days from sowing.
IV- PIlIIOsvnthlsls alllDants
A-Effect of seedbed preparation:
. 1- Seedbed preparation practices had no significant effect on all
photosynthesis pigments in ear leaf in both seasons except
chlorophyll ”b” which was significantly increased by using
moldboard plow or chisel plow alone or together as compared with
no-tillage in the second season only.
B-Effect of biological fertilizer:
I-Chlorophyll ”a”, ”b” and ”a+b” were not significantly affected by
biological fertilizers in both seasons.
2-The highest values of carotenoids content was produced from
agrispon spraying with bacterial inoculation in the first season
only.
V-FI.lrlII an.’lrdlllV ol.alZe plants
A-Effect 0/ seedbed preparation:
I-Seedbed preparation caused a significant decrease in the time to 50%
tasseling and silking in one season out of two.
2-Barren plants percentage and the percentage of plants carrying one ear
were significantly decreased by seedbed preparation in 1995 and 1996
seasons. The lowest percentages were produced with moldboard plow
(once) + chisel plow (once) .
3-The percentage of plants carrying more than one ear was significantly
increased by using seedbed preparation in both seasons.
B-Effect of biological fertilizers:
l-Biological fertilizer (foliar application of agnspon or bacterial
inoculation) had no significant effect on tasseling and silking dates,
percentage of barren plants, percentage of plants carrying one ear and
more than one ear.
” IV-Yieldand Its elm.lnents
A-Effect of seedbed preparation:
I-Ea””r length, ear diameter, number of rows per ear, number of grains per
row and per ear, ear weight, grain weigh per ear, 100 grain weight,
shelling percentage, ear yield, grain yield and straw yield per feddan
were significantly increased by using seedbed preparation in both
seasons.
2-Moldboard plow (once) + chisel plow (once) was superior to the other
treatments of seedbed preparation in increasing the yield and its
,” components of maize.
3-The treatments of chisel plow (once), chisel plow (twice), moldboard
plow (once) and moldboard plow (once) + chisel plow (once)
increased the yield of ear per feddan by 3.50, 20.23, 16.43 and 35.39
%, respectively, over the control treatment (no-tillage) in the first
season.
The corresponding increases in ear yield in the second season
were 5.33, 16.66,23.88 and 33.16% , respectively.
B-Effect of biological fertilizers:
l-Ear length, ear diameter, ear weight, grain weight, 100 - grain weight
and shelling percentage were not significantly affected by biological
fertilizers in the two growing seasons.
2-There was a significant effect of the applied agrispon spraying and
bacterial inoculation on the mean values of number of rows / ear,
number of grains per row and per ear, ear yield, grain yield and
straw yield per feddan in one season only.
3-The greatest yields of ear, grain and straw per feddan were produced
with bacterial inoculation + foliar application of agrispon.
C-Interaction .effect:
l-The effect of interaction between seedbed preparation and biological
.fertilizer treatments on all yield components, ear and grain yield per
feddan were not significant in the two seasons. whereas, straw yield
per feddan was significantly affected by the interaction between
seedbed preparation and biological fertilizer in the first season only .
2-Bacterial inoculation alone or with foliar application af agrispon after
moldboard plow (once)+ chisel plow (once) gave the maxium yield
of maize.
11-Simple clrreladDn
I-The association between time of tasseling or time of silking and each
of plant height, ear height, number of leaves / plant, stem diameter
and leaf area was negative and highly significant in both seasons.
2-Positive and highly significant correlations were detected between
grain weight/ear and each of plant height, ear height, number of
leaves/plant, stem diameter, leaf area, total chlorophyll, ear length,
ear diameter, number of grains per ear and ear weight. On the other
hand negative and highly significant correlation was obtained
between grain weight/ear and each of time of tasseling and time of
silking.
3-100-grain weight was positively and significantly correlated with each
of plant height, ear height, number of leaves/plant, stem diameter,
leaf area, total chlorophyll, ear lenght, ear diameter, number of
grains/ear, ear weight and grain weight/ear.
4-Significant positive correlations were found between grain yield!
feddan and each of plant height, ear height, number of leaves/plant,
lear area, total chlorophyll, ear length, ear diameter, number of
grains/ear, ear weight, grain weight I ear, 100- grain weight, shelling
percentage, ear yield and straw yield/feddan. whereas, highly
significant negative phenotypic correlation coefficient was found
between grain yield/feddan and each of number of days to 500/0
tasseling and silking.
5-It could be concluded that the grain yield was positively associated with
yield compontents of maize as affected by the interaction between
seedbed preparation and biological fertilizers under study.