الفهرس 
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Abstract
SUMMARY
These studies were conducted at Nubaria Research
Station,North Tharir, ARE duriogc1978- 1982 in order to
investigate the effect of various levels of soil
phosphorus application:. and some micronutrient
tre~tmentswith two methodes of application on the quantitative
and qualitative characters of alfalfa for three
growing years.
Treatments were as follows:
Three soil phosphorus application levels 0,200,
and 300 kq superphosphat (16% P205 l per fad
during the soil preparation (broadcastlin the
first year of establishment, were used.
Soil application of micronutrients ,
* B 10kg per fad boric acid.
* Zn 20kg per fad Zinc sulfate
* Fe 30kg:perifad ferrous’sulfate.
* Combinations of these micronutrients were
applied each at the previously mentioned
concentration
* On the first year of establishment, micronutrients.
were splited into two equal parts. The
first part was applied at 45 days from SOWing
the other part after the first cut.
194.
•
Folior application of micronutrients an aqua
solution of 0.2% of B,zn,Fe, and their combinations
at a rate of 400 liter per fad was used.
Treatments were applied
repeated after the first cut in
shment.
On the secand and third growing years, either soil or
foliar micronutrient treatments and soil phosphorus
application levels (broadcast) were applied o~ March of
1980 and 1981.
4 weeks from sowing and
the first year of eatabli-
Split-split plot design was used where methods of
micronutrients application were assigned for the main
plots, soil phosphorus applicatioft levels for the subplots,
and the micronutrient treatments for the sub-sub plots.
Eleven cuts were taken during each of the first and
second growing years, and nine ..cut sdur ing the third
growing year.
The study included foroge and dry yield of each of
the three growing years and the total yield of the three
growing years.
Some growth characters were measured using the
second cut of spring, summer autummn, and winter for each
of the three growing years. Chemical cQnstituents were
analyzed for all cuts of each season (spring, summer,
195.
autummn and winterlof the secand growing year.
Results could be summarized as follows:
1- Total forage and dry yield was affected differently by
vari ous soi 1 phosphor us application levels, micronutrient
tretments, metheds of application, and the ” .,
seasonal variations.
2- It was generally clear in three growing years and in
most cuts that soil application of 200kg superphosphate
per fad produced the highest forage and dry yield.
However, the ext.a higher phosphorus rate (300kg
superphosphate per fadldid not exhibit extra advantages
in forag and dry yield.
3- Foliar application of the micronutrient treatments was
more effective than soil application at zero and 200 kg
superphosphate per fad as far as forage and dry yield
are concerned. Whereas, at 300kg superphosphate per
fad, different results were obtained where soil
application of micrOAutrients was more productive in
yield than foliar application.
4- The previously mentiened trend was more or less
repeated in the three sucessive growing years.
5- In most cases, any o~ the applied micronutrient
teatments either as a soil or folior application,
with or without any of the applied soil phosphorus
levels, produced a significant increase
in alfalfa forage and dry yield as compared to the
control.
6- The response of alfalfa dry yield to micronutrient
treatments and methods of application at the first
growing year was different than what was obtained at
the second and third growing years.
a- In the first growing year , the highest forage
yield (27.60, .31.64 .ton per fad) ,was p.roduced by
applying B+Fe+Zn to the soil, and foliar application
of Fe + zn >
b- However, the top dry yield was produced by the
soil and foliar application of Zn Jnd Fe+Zn,
respectively where the correspanding dry yield
was 6.95 and 7.36 ton per fad.
c- During the second and third growing years, soil
application of B+Zn and foliar application of
Fe + Zn respectivelYJproduced the highest
forage yield which was 54.99 and 59.25 ton per
fad in the second year The correspondin~
forag yield was 35.46 and 36.59 ton ppthird
growing year.
197.
d- Micronutrient treatments were more effective in
increasing forage and dry yield early on each
of the three growing years, mainly on the third
and fourth cuts (June and JUly) rather than the
late cuts of each year.
Since alalfa is a perennial forage crop, itsplants
in each growing year of the stand had its own physical
and phy sLoLoq LcgL . ~tatus, which could respond differently
to any of the applied cultural bratments.
Extra more specific information about the effect of
the applied micronutrient treatments under the various
phosphorus levels on forage and dry alfalfa yield in each
of the three growing years are presented as follows:
Firstgrowin9 year
7- Forage yield
a- At zero soil phosphorus application level,
soil application of B+zn and foliat
application of B prodoced the highest alfalfa
forage yield which was 21.38 and 29.38
ton per fad, respectively.
b- Soil application of B + Zn and foliar
application of B + Fe + Zn produced the
maximun fora~yield which was 30.68 and 38.43
ton per fad,respectively,at 200 kg super
19B .
phosphate per fad.
c- At 300 kg superphosphate per fad, the higheast
forage yield was produced by soil application ofB+
Fe+Zn and foliar application of Fe+Zn, where the
obtained forage yield waS 34.43 and 30.70 ton
per fad,respectively.
B- Dry yield
a- In case of using zero phosphours level, the
higest alfalfa dry yield was produced by
applying B+Zn to the soil and B to the foliage
where the dry yield was 5.26 and 7.39 ton per
fad, respectively.
0- By applying 200 k~ superphosphate per fad,
soil application of B+Zn and foliar application of B+
Fe+Zn produced the highest dry yield which was
7.4 and 9.46 ton per fad, respectively.
c- At the highest level~f phosphor~s application
B+F that was applie~ to soil and Fe+Zn that was
sprayed to the folioge produced B.21 and 7.39
ton per fad,respectivlywhich were the top yields
in these cases.
199.
Second Slrowin:3year :
9- Forage yiel, d
a- Soil application of B+Fe, and folior application
of B+Fe+Zn produced the higest forage
yield of 44.88 and 51.0 ton per fad,respectively
under the zero soil phosphores application
level.
b- At the soil phosphorus application level of
200 kg superphosphate per f ad; soil application
ofB + Zn and folior application of Fe+Zn
produced the maximum forage yield of 61.52
and 69.33 ton per fad, respectively.
c- However, at the extra higmer level of
phosphorus (300kg superphosphate per fad),
forage yield of 66.63 and 60.1 ton per fad
was produced by applying either soil or
foliar application of Fe+Zn.
10- Dry yield
a- The highest dry yields of 9.64 and 10.51 ton.
per fad were produced by 2pplying B+Zn to the
soil or by spraying Fe to the fOliage,
respectively under the zero soil phosphorus
applicat~on level.
b- By applying 200 kg superphosphate per
201.
foliage, where the obtained dry yield was
39,65 and 42.05 ton per fad, respectively.
c- At the extra higher soil phospherus application
level (300kg superphosphate per fad). highest
forage yield was produced by the same micronutrient
treatments as in the secand growing year.
Forage yield was 43.73 and 39.38 ton per fad for
soil and foliar application of B+Fe and Fe+Zn,respectively.
12- Dry yield:
a- Treatments that produced the higest forage
yield were some what different than those
produced the higest dry yield.
Soil and foliar application of
B + Fe produced the highest dry
yield of 6.70 and 7.95 ton per fad,respsectively
under the zero soil phosphorus application level.
b- In case of applying 200 k~ sl,lperp\losphateper
fad~ dry yield of 9.2 and 9.9 ton per fad were
produced by ap~lYlng B+Zn to the soil and Pe+Zn
to the foliage.
c- However, at the extra higher soil application
level of phosphorus, soil application of Fe+7.n
ana foliar ap~lication of B+Fe+Zn produced the
hiiqhe st;dry yield.
202.
The behaviour of some ve~etative characters:
The effect of the applied fertilizer treatments and
seasonal variation on the number of stems pe rvsq meter,
plant height, and leaf/stem ratio was studied. Date were
recorded from the second cut of spring, summer, autumm
and winter seasons of each of the three growing years.
Results could be summarized as follows:-
13- Number of stem¥ /sq meter:
APplying 200 kg superphosphate per fad produced an
increase in the number of stems /sq meter as compared
with the control (zero lvel). This trend was true for the
three growing years with asignlficant difference in the
last two years only.
A- In the first growing year, the highest
numbers of stems/sq meter were obtaimed by
soil and folior application of B1 soil and
folior application of Fe1 and either soil
application of Zn or folior application of B+F
at zero,200 and 300 kg superphosphate per fad,
respectively.
b- However, in the second growing year either soil
application of B or foliar application of B+Fe1
soil application of B+Fe+Zn or foliar application
of either Zn or B1 and soil application of either
203. ’
Zn or B+Zn and foliar application of B+Fe+Zn
produced the highest numbers.of ~tems/sq meter at
zero ,20Q,and 300kg superphosphate per fad,respectively.
c- Meanwhile, the maximum number of stems/sq meter in the
third year was obtained by soil application of Band
foliar application of either B+Fe or B+Zn:’soil
application of B+Zn+Fe or foliar application of B+Zn:
soil application of Fe+Zn folior application of B+Fe
at zerO,200,and 300 kg superphosphate per fad.
d- Maximum number of stems/sq meter was produced in
autumn, summer, and autumn in the first, second, and
third growing years, respectively.
e - Generally, foliar application of micronutrient
treatments produced significantly higher number of
stems/sq meter as compared with soil applic_ation in
the first and third year, with no significant difference
in the seQQnd growing year.
204.
14- Plant hei~ht:
The effect of the applied fertilizer treatments on
alfalfa plant height was fluctuating having no specific
tremd in the three growing years.
a- In the first growing year, tallest plants were
produced by foliar application of Fe+Zn;soil and
foliar application of Fe and B+Fe!Zn
soil and foliar application ofB+Zn and Fe,resectively
at 0,200,and 300 kg superphosphate per
fad.
b- In the second growing year, tallest alafalfa
plants were produced by soil application of B+Fe
foliar application of Fe+Zn at zerO soil phosphorus
application level. And either soil or foliar
application of Zn at 200 kg superphosphate,
by soil application of Fe+Zn and foliar application
of Fe at 300 kg superphosphate per fad.
c- Soil and folior application of Zn and B+Fe+Zn,respectively;
soil and foliar application of B+Zn and
B+Fe,respectivelY;soil and foliar application of
B+Fe and B+Fe+Zn produced the tallest alfalfa .
plants under 0,200, and 300 kg superphosphate,
resprectively in the third growing year.
205.
d- Also, tallest plants were obtained in Summer
season of the first and secJnd growing years,
and spring of the third growing year.
e- Generally, foliar application of micrountrients
produced significantly taller plants as
compared with soil application in the three
growing years.
15- Leaf/stem ratio:
a- Either soil or fOliar application of zn and
B+~e+Zn prod~ced the higest leaf/stem ratios of
alfalfa plants at zero and 200 kg superphosphate
per fad1 resprectively in the first growing year.
However, soi1app Li.catLon of Fe+Zn and folia r applieation
of B+Zn produced the highest leaf/
stem ratios at 300 kg superphosphate per fad.
b- During the second growing year, soil and foliar
application of B at zero and 300 kg superphosphate
per fad produced the highest leaf/stem ratio~
of alfalfa. However at 200 kg superphosphate per
fad. soil application of B or Zn and foliar application
of B produced the highest leaf/stem ratio.
206.
c_ In the third year, soil application ofZn,8+Fe+zn,
and Fe+Zn; and foliar application of 8+Fe±Zn,Fe,
and Zn produced the highest leaf/stem ratio of
alfalfa at 0,200,and 300 kg superphosphate per
fad, respectively.
d- More tendency for high leaf/stem ratio was
obtained in spring of the first and third
growing years, and winter of the second growing
year.
e- Methods of micronutrients application did not
produce a significant difference in leaf/stem
ratio of the last two growing years, and a significant
difference in the first growing year in
favour of foliar application.
16- Chemical anaLysis:
The effec~of the applied fertilizer treatments and
seasonal variations the chemical analysis of alfalfa
leves and stems were investigated in the second
growing year.
Randomly samples of 100 grams of leaves and stems were
207.
taken from each individUal sucessive cut of spring, summer
autumn, and winter seasons. Fresh samples of all cuts of
each season were oven dried, ground and mixed together
thoroughly to form a representative composite dry
samples of leaves and composite dry samples of leaves and
stems for each season to be used for chemic?l analysis.
Results will be limited for leaves tather than stems
for a var iety of .reasons which were listed in the text.
Results are summarized as follows:-
Crud protein content:
a- Applying 200 kg superphosphate per fad produced
more crud protein content of alfalfa leaves
as compared with the control. No further increase
in crud protein content was obtained at the higher
phosphorus level.
b- Crude protein contents were increased from
spring to summer season, then slightly decreased
in autumn, then winter at all of the applied
phosphorus levels.
c- Methods of micrenutrients application did not
affect crud protein cOntents in spring and
winter. However, higher crud protein cOntents
were obtained by soil application in autumn ,
and foliar application in summer.
208.
d- The highest crud protein contents of leaves in
spring, summer, autumn, and winter were
produced by zn (22.8%), Fe+Zn (22.5%), B+Zn
(25.0%), and B+Fe~Zn (19.37), respectively.
Zn participated in all of these tratments.
E- Generally, foliar application of each of the
applied micronutrient teatments was more
productive as far as crud protein content is
concerned than soil application excepet for B.
B- Phosphorus content:
A- Applying 200 or 300 kg superphosphate per
fad produced higher crud protein.
content in leaves as compared with the
control.
b- Phosphorus accmulation was high in spring
and summer (0.22%), low in autumn (0.20%),
and lower in winter (0.18%).
c- Any of the applied micrOlilutrients·:tJ::eaments
either to soil or foliage increasedaccumulation
as compared with the control.
d- Phospharus contents were neither affected by
the various micronutrients treatments nor
the application methods in all seaons.
209.
c- Ferrous content:
a- Ferrous contents of alfalfa leaves dec.reased as the
phosphorus application levels increased. Applying
200 and 300 kg superphosphate per fad reduced Fe
content of alfalfa leaves as compared to the control.
b- There was a .cont in uou s drastic reduction in Fe
content of alfalfa leaves from spring to summer,
autumn, then winter.
d- Foliar application of micrountrients increased Fe
contents in soring and autumn seasons as compared
with soil application. However, .soil application
of micronutrients increased Fe contents of leaves
in summer and winter seasons as compared with
foliar ap~lication.
E- Highest Fe contents of alfalfa le~, ves were
obtained by foliar application of Fe in spring
(560 ppm) and summer (240 ppm), B+Fe+Zn in
autumm (583 ppM), and B+Fe in winter (517 ppm).
However, soil application of the following
treatments produced the highest Feco~tentg~Fe-in
210.
spring (363 ppm), B+Fe in summer (3fl7 ppm), B+Fe+
Zn in autumn (213 ppm) and winter (630 ppm).
F- Averaged overall the four seasons, foliar
application of B+Fe+Zn , B+Fe,Fe+Zn,Fe, and Zn
increased Fe contents of alfalfa leaves by 18,11,
10,8, and 3%,respectively as compared with soil application
method.
D- Zinp content :
a- Zin~ contents in alfalfa leaves was not
affected by the various soil phosphorus
application levels.Averaged overall of the
applied micrountrients application,methods
of application did not affect Zn contents of
alfalfa leaves in autumn and winter season
b- However foliar application of micrountients
increased Zn contents of alfalfa leaves by
36% as compared with soil application in
spring season. 3nwhile, soil application
of micronutrients produced more Zn contents
in alfalfa leaves by 45% as compared with foliar
application.
c- Any of the applied micrountrient treatments
whether as soil or foliar application
:”caused an increase in Zn contents as compared
with the control.
211.
d- The highest contents of Zn in alfalfa leaves were
abtained by foliar application of Fe+Zn in spring
(80 ppm), B+Zn in summer (47 ppm), B+Fe+Zn in
autumn (46 ppm), Zn or Fe In winter (47 or 48 ppm)
Howerer, soil application of Zn in spring (62 ppm),
B in summer (63 ppm), B+Zn+Fe in autumn (46 ppm),
and B+Zn in winter (63 ppm) produced the highest
Zn contents in alfalfa leaves.
E- On the average, methods of application of each
micrountrient treatments did not show a marked.
effect on Zn contents of alfalfa leaves.