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Abstract
The present study involved clinical, laboratory and pathological investigation of 176 sheep aged from 6months to over 3 years from Sohag , Balasfora and Akhmim slaughter houses in Sohag governorate .
Out of them 123 animals were proved to be suffered from urinary tract disease and 53 were clinically healthy and showed no clinical or laboratory abnormalities and taken as control group .
The present investigation declared , that the most common urinary tract disorders in examined diseased sheep were nephrosis with (44%), focal interstitial nephritis with (27.6%) caused by leptospirosa organism which were detected pathologically ,pyelonephritis as (10%) , glomerulonephritis with a percentage of (11.3%) , urolithiasis as (7.3 %), and cystitis as (41.4%)acute cases where chronic cases were (35.7%) from cystitis cases of diseased sheep .
1-Nephrosis:-
Sheep suffered from nephrosis showed white turbid urine with increased of specific gravity ,also presence of protienuria and haematuria. Significant increase in blood serum levels of urea ,creatinine , calcium ,phosphorus were markedly observed . Bacterial examination showed single isolates as Staph. aureus , Strept.pyogens ,E.coli and Coryn. renale ,also there was mixed infection as Coryn.+Strept.,Coryn.+E.coli or Staph.+E.coli .
Pathologically microscopical examination showed necrobiosis which may involved some renal glomeruli . Thickening of the renal capsules were also observed .
2-Pyelonephritis :-
Tweleve animals were proved to be affected with pyelonephritis with 10%of all cases .Subsequent urine analysis revealed turbid white floculent urine in all cases with increased specific gravity . Marked protienuria with granular and leucocytic casts .,microscopic haematuria (22-32 cells/HPF)were observerd .
Bacterial urine and tissue culture confirmed pyelonephritis in all of suspected cases where Coryn.renale ,E.coli ,Strept.pyogens, Staph.aureus microorganisms were isolated from kidneys and urinary passages of these animals .
Blood urea and serum creatinine were found to be significantly increased reflecting azotaemia and renal insufficincy resulted from bilateral involvement of both kidneys with decreased blood serum protiens .
Grossly kidneys showed dark reddish or blackish discolouration. Histopathological examination of tissue samples showed inflammatory cell reaction surrounding the renal pelvis , degenerative and necrobiotic changes of collecting tubules surrounding renal pelvis.
3-Focal interstitial nephritis (leptospirosis):-
Thirty four animals were affected with focal interstitial nephritis with 27.6% of all cases. Out of them tweleve animals proved to be affected with leptospirae .The urine analysis showed protien ,blood and increase specific gravity and pH.
Bacteriological examination of urine sample &tissue samples showed Strept.pyogens, Staph.aureus ,Coryn.renaleand E.coli added to leptospirae which was detected previosly by histopathlogy .
Biochemical analysis of blood samples showed on increase in creatinine ,urea and phosphorus levels ,where a decrease calcium ,sodium ,chloride ,total protien ,and albumin levels were detected .
Histopathologically there were multiple focal areas of cellular reaction associated with a necrosis of the glomeruli and renal tubules . Leptospira microorganisms were detected with silver impregenation technique (Levaditi stain )in the brush border of renal tubules .