الفهرس 
Material and methodsOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
SUMMARY
EFFECT OF CUTTING ON THE PRODUCTIVITY OF SOME
WINTER CEREAL CROPS
This study was designed to evaluate the potentialities
of three winter cerels (wheat, barley, and triticale)
as dual purpose crops for forage and grain yield
under different levels of nitrogen fetilization.
Research experimen~were crmducted. at the Agriculural
Research and Experiment Center, Faculty of Agriculture at
Moshtohor, Zagazig University {Banha Branch)during the two
growing seasons of 1988/89 and 1989/90.
The applied treatments were:
A. Three winter cereal crops:
Wheat cv. Giza 155.
Barley cv. Giza 121.
Triticale, ARC selection.
B. Nitrogen fertilization levels:
40, 80, and 120 kg N/faddan.
C. Cutting and uncutting the vegetative growth of
the three cereal crops at 60 days from sowing.
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A split split plot design was used using 4 replications
having the cereal crops in the main plots. nitrogen levels
in the sub plots. and foliage cutting treatments in the
sub sub plots randomly distributed. The experimental
unit was 10.5 sq meter (3.5 x 3.0 meter).
The applied nitrogen fertilizer was ammonium sulfate
(20.5% N). The assigned nitrogen amounts were applied
in two equal doses. The first dose was applied before
the first irrigation and the second one was applied immediately
after cutting the foliage and at the Same time for
the non-cut treatment as well.
Sowing dates were October 27th and November 27th in
1988/89 and 1989/90 growing seasons.
Results could be summarized as follows:
A. Effect of nitrogen application levels on the
Characteristics of the cut forage material:
1. Increasing nitrogen levels caused a continuous increase
in the height of wheat, barly, and triticale plants
with a significant difference for wheat and triticale
only in the first season.
2. Number of tillers/sq.n:eterof the three cereal crops
was slightly increased as the nitrogen level
increased from 20 to 60 Kg/faddan. The differences
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did not reach the level of significance in the two
seasons.
3. Forage yield of the cut vegetative growth for the
three cereal crops ranked as follows: Barley>
Triticale> wheat. Significant differences were
obtained in the second season.
4. There was a significant .increase in the forage yield
of the cut vegetative growth as the nitrogen application
level increased from 20 to 40 and up to 60 kg/faddan
in the two studied seasons with different magnitudes.
5. Dry yield of the cut vegetative growth was similar to
forage yield. Barley was the highest followed by
triticale. then wheat. This was true in the two
seasons with no significant differences.
Results proved the advntages of barley than triticale
and triticale than wheat in producing the higher fresh
and dry forage yield of the cut vegetative growth.
6. Significant increases in the dry yield of the cut forage
material were obtained by increasing nitrogen level from
20 to 60 kg/faddan causing an increase of 37.2 and
46.3~ in the first and second season~,respectively.
7 . .& sign if icant inc rease in Ieaf a rea/tUler due to the
increase in nitroge~ level was obtained in triticale
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119
in the first season and barley in the second season.
8. Leaf area index of triticale increased significantly
as the nitrogen application level increased from 20
up to 60 kg/faddan. However, this increase was not
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significant for wheat and barley in the seasons.
B. Effect of foliage cutting and nitrogen application
levels on the regrowth behaviour for grain yield
production:
1. Height of the three cereal plants was slightly icreased
by increasing the applied nitrogen level with a
significant increase only for triticale in the first
season. Also, cutting the foliage significantly
reduced the height of wheat, barley and triticale with
significant differences in the two seasons. This
reduction ranged from 6.45 to 27.45%depending on the
crop and the season.
2. . Number of spikes/sq meter was increased as the nitrogen
application level increased from 40 to 120,kg/
faddan by18.6 and 31.7 I in the first and second seaso~
respectively, with a significant difference for wheat
in the second one •• Cutting the vegtative growth
of triticale caused a significant reduction in the
number of spikes/sq meter. This rduction was about
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20.3 and 15.954% in the first and second season respectively.
Similar significant reduction in yield was obtained
for wheat in the first season and for barley in the
second season.
>. Length of spike was increased by 7.7 and 14.4% in the
first and .second seaoons, respectively as the nitrogen
level increasd from 40 to 80 kg/faddan with significant
differences in the second season. Slight insignificant
inc rea ses ins p ike 1eng t h were 0 bt a ined w hen nit rag en
level increased from 80 to 120 kg/faddan.
Cutting the vegetative growth caused a significant
reduction in spike length of wheat by 12.8 and 15.4%
in the first and second se asons, respectively. Also,
significant reduction in spike length was obtained
for barley and triticale in the first and second seasons
respectively , when the vegetative growth was cut.
’4 . Resu 1ts showed a slight ins ign if icant inc rea ses in weight
of wheat, barley, and triticale spikes as the nitrogen
application increased from 40 to 80 and up to 120 kg/
fad, expect for wheat in the first season where the
difference was significant when applying 120 Kg N/fad.
compared to 40 kg/faddan.
Cutting the vegetative growth decreased the
weight of spikes of wheat, barley, and triticale significantly
in the two seasons, except for wheat in the
first season.
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5. The increase in weight of grains/spike by increasing
nitrogen application level from 40 to 120 kg/faddan
was significaDt only for wheat in the
first season. However, cutting the vegetative growth
caused a significant reduction in the weight of grains/
spike ranged from\oJl to30.-5% in the three cereal crops
except for wheat in the second season and barley in
the first sea son where the differences were not significant.
6. Number of grains/spike increased significantly in
barley as the nitrogen level increased from 40 to 80
and from 40 to 120 kg/faddan in the two seasons. A similar
trend was obtained for wheat in the second season.
Cutting the vegetative growtn significantly reduced
the number of grains/spike of the three cereal crops
within a rangeof 10.8-13.4~ in the two seasons, except for b.arley
in the first season where the differences were not significant.
7. There was a slight insignificant increase in the
wei~ht of 1000 grains of wheat, barley, and triticale
as the nitrogen level increased from 4~ to 80 and up
to 120 kg/fad. in the two seasons.
Weight of 1000 grains of barley was reduced
significantly by 6.4~ when the vegetative growth was
cut compared with the uncut treatment in the two
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seasons. Th is reduction was general for wheat and
triticale but the difference was not significant except
for triticale in the first season where the difference
was significant.
8. Triticale produced the highest grain yield followed
by wheat, then barley with a significant difference
between triticale and barley only in the second season. The
grain yield was gradually increased as nitrogen application
level increased with no significant difference
in the two seasons. However, cutting the vegetative
growth reduced the grain yield significantly by 25.2
and 28.9% in the first and second seasons, respectively.
9. Slight tendency was noticed for triticale to produce
the heaviest straw yield. followed by barley, then
wheat in the two seasons with no significant difference
Increasing the nitrogen level from 40 to 80 kg/faddan
increased straw yield by 3.6 and 8’.2 inthefirst and
second seasons respectively with significant difference
in the second one. Also cutting the vegetative
growth significantly reduced the straw yield by 35.7
and 34.2% in the first and second seasons, respectively.
compared to the uncut treatment.
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10. Biological yield behaved similarly as the straw yield,
where triticale was the highest followed by barley,
then wheat with no significant difference.. The highest
nitrogen application level caused a significant increases
in the biological yield in the two seasons compared to
the lowest level (40 kg/faddan). Also, cutting the
vegetative growth reduced the biological yield significantly
by 32.8 and 33.2% in the first and second seasons,
respectively compared to the uncut treatment.
11. Triticale produced the highest yield in cereal units
(30.48), then barley (28.49), followed by wheat (27.23)
in the first season, corresponding to 28.94, 26.52, and
25.60 cereal unit yield in the second season, with no
significant difference. This order matching real well
with the obtained grain yield, straw yield, and the
biological yield. Increasing nitrogen level from 40 to
120 Kg/fad. significantly increased the cereal:unit yield
by 16.9 and 22.2~ in the first and second seasons,
respectively.
Results showed that barley has the highest cereal unit
yield when the v~getative growth was cut, while the
uncut treatment produced the lowest cereal unit yield
with significant difference of 40.8 and 32.7~ in the
first and second seasons, respectively. This trend was
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repeated wi th d i t f e r-ences of 9.7 and 7.7% for wheat and
11.62 and 7.9% for triticale in the first and second
seasons, respectively.
12. The applied nitrogen levels did not show any significant
effect on the harvesting index of wheat, barley, and
triticale in the two growing reasons.
Cutting the vegetative growth of wheat produced
significant increases in its harvest index compared with the
uncut treatment in the first and second seasons. The respective
increase in harvesting index was 15.00 and 10.39%. Meanwhile.
cutting the vegetative growth slightly increased the harvesting
index of barley and triticale with insignificant differences
in the two seasons except for barley in the first one.