الفهرس 
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Abstract
SUMMARY .
Two field experiments were carried out at the experimental
farm’ of Faculty of Agricultural Science at
Moshtohor, Kalubia Governorate~ Egypt, during 1978/1979
and 1979/1980 seasons to study the effect of interseeding
berseem with ryegrass, as well as nitrogen fertilizer
on, grmrlh components, botanical composition, light
intensity, fresh and dry-matter yield, chemical composition
and microbiological dete~minations.
Every experiment included twenty treatments, which
were the combinations between five treatments of interseeding
berseern, (Tl’ifoll~tJ:Y1a.l_ez:andrinLu.m) with ryeg-
\ rass (Ilolium !!1ulti,flo:t’um L.) i.e., pure stand of berseem,
pure stand of ryegrass, first mixture (25 % berseem +
75 % ryegrass), second mixture (50 % berseem + 50 % :t’yegrass)
and third mixture (75 % berseem + 25 % ryegrass),
in addition to four rates of’nitrogen fertilizer, i.e.,
0.0, 20, 40 and 60 Kg./N./£eddan.
The design of the experiment in the two seasons
was a split plot with six replications. The five treatments
of interaeeding berseem with italian ryegrasS we~e
arranged at random in the main plots, whereas the four
levels of ni.trogen fertilizer were assigned at random in
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the sub-plot 8.
The following is the summary of the most important
resrtl t s.
I-’ Effect of mixin~ berseem with ryegrass :
1) Mi.xing berseem with ryegrass caused an increase in
plant height of the two fo~age plants.
2) The number of tillers per ryegrass plant became less
with the increase in the percentage of berseem in
the mixture.
3) Mixing berseem with ryegrass did not affect significantly
leaf area’of berseem in all cu.ts•. However,
leaf area of ryegrass increased consistently as be~-
seem seeds increased in the mixture. The total leaf
area of ryegrass and berseem increased with the increase
of percentage of berseem seeds in the mixture.
4) There vms no relevanse between the different mixtures
and the percentage of associated weeds.
5) Mixing berseem with ryegrass affected significantly
light intensity on the middle of plant and on ”the
ground surface duxing the third and f ourt h cut, whereas
the difference was not significant during the
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first and second one.
6) Mixing berseem with ryegrass increased the total production
of forage yield in the first cut more than
pure stands of each. In the second cut mixing be~-
seem with italian ryegrass increased significantly
green forage yield in 1978/1979 season. However, the
differences between pure stand of berseem, and both
first and second mixtures V’ISS not great enough to
reach the 5 % level of significance in 1979/1980.
Interseeding berseem with ryegrass had no effect on
the green forage yield in the third cut. In the
fourth cut, the third mixture produced the highest
forage yield in the two seasons, whereas the lowest
one was obtained from pure stand of ryegrass.
The third mixture (75 % berseem + 25 % ryegrass)
gave the greatest accumulated green forag yield in
both seasons.
7) The second mixture (50 % berseem + 50 % ryegrass) and
the third mixture (75 % berseem +25 % ryegrass) produced
the highest dry matter yield in the first and
second season respectively in the first cut, whereas
pure stand of berseem was superior to allothe treatments
in building metabolites during the second cut.
._.- ... - - -- -_._._-- -_._--
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Mixing berseem with ryegrass resulted in en increase
in the amount of metabolites synthesized per unit
area duxing the third cut. In the fourth cut, interseeding
berseem with ryegl’sss at corresponding rate
of third mixture (15 % berseem + 25 % ryegrass) resulted
in an increase in dry matter yield of the herbage-
This was true in both seasons, but the differences
were not great enough to reach the 5 % level of significance.
8) The,third mixture pr.oduced the highest accumulated
dri~matteryield in both first and second growth seasons.
On the other hand, the pure stand of ryegrass
gave the lowest dry forage yield.
9) The highest nitrogen percentage was obtained by seeding
pure stand of berseem and as berseem seeds increased
i.n the mixt ure , nit rogen percent age increased.
Similar results were obtained on crude protein percentage
as well as absolute amounts of protein.
10) In the four cuts as well as the two season, carbohydrate
percentage decreased consistently as berseem
seeds increased in the mixtures.
11) Fiber percentage -increased consistently as berseem
-~-- ~------ -- --_.--’
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seeds increased and ryegrasS decreased in the mixture-
Total fibers in berseem increased more than
that of ryegrass plants-
12) Mixing berseem with ryegrass affected significantly
ash percentage in all cuts in the first season,
whereas in the second season, the differences were
significant in the second cut only.
13) Mixing berseem with xyegrass in different ratios
increased total bacterial counts of Azotobacter,
Clostredia, and nitrifying bacterial counts, as
well as forage yield, but this increase was higher
in the third mixture.
11- Effect of nitrogen fertilizer
1) Nitrogen fertilizer increased plant height of berseem
as well as ryegrass plants.
2) Number of tillers of ryegrass plant increased as nitrogen
fertilizer rates increased; it reached its
maximum value in the second cut and decreased in the
third as well as the fourth cut.
3) There was a trend for increase in leaf area and total
leaf area of both berseam and ryegrass as nitrogen
-~. __ .~-_. __ ...._-- ._-~--- -_.---
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fertilizer increased from 0.0 to 60 Kg.N./feddan.
4) Berseem d~y weight decreased whereas ryegrass as
well as associated weeds increased, as nitrogen
fertilizer increased.
5) Light intensity determined at the middle as well
as at the ground surface decreased consistently as
nitrogen fertilizer increased up to 60 Kg.N./feddan
in the first three cuts. In the third cut light intensity
decreased more than in the second cut,
whereas in the fourth cut it tended to increase more
than in other three first cuts.
i 6) There was an increase in green forage yield as well
as dry matter yield with the increase in nitrogen
fertilizer- Total green forage yield as well as
total dry matter yield increased significantly as
nitrogen fertilizer increased up to 60 Kg.N./feddan,
but there was no significant difference between 40
and 60 Kg.N./feddan in the first seas~n.
The increase percentage in total dry matter
was 5.42, 9.66, 8.81 % in the first season and 6.51,
14.40, 18.93 % in the second season by increasing
nitrogen fertilizer from zero to 20, 40 ”and 60 Kg.N./
~-_.---_.---~-----_. ---~_._-------------
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feddan respectively-
7) The nitrogen percentage, as well as the absolute
amount of nitrogen in plant tissues of forage in
all cuts increased with the increase in nitrogen
fertilizer from Zero to 60 Kg.N./feddan in the two
seasons·
8) Increasing nitrogen fertilizer caused a remarkable
increase in the percentage as well as the total
amount of carbohydrates. Total carbohydrate reached
its maximum value in the third cut followed by the
second and first cut; whereas the lowest amount was
obtained in the fourth cut.
9) Fiber percentage increased consistently as the nitrogen
fertilizer increased up to 60 Kg.N./feddan in
the two seasons.
10) There was no relevance between nitrogen fertilizer
and ash content in the four cuts in 1978/1979 and
1979/1980 seasons.
11) The addition of ammonium nitrate to forage mixtures
increased the total bacterial counts of Azotobacter,
Clostredia and nitrifying bacteria, as well as forage
yield-
~_~’~-N.’’--·.\ _~~ .._.- ._ .. - -_.~-- _ ._. - -_.-
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111- Effect of the interaction between mixing berseem
with ryegrass and nitrogen fertilizer :
The effect of mixing ber~eem with ryegrass and nitrogen
fertilizer was not significant for all studied
characters except on light indensity in the second cut,
dry yield in the third cut and total carbohydrate in the
second cut.
--~-----_ .._.