الفهرس 
Material and methodsOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
59.
SUtlL.J,i{Y AND COMJ1USIOl~S
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Experiment 8 were conduct ed at El-lIarg farm for three
successive seasons during 1977 to 1980. Multi-cut type Miskawi
c.v. (Trifoliuillalexandrin~~ 1.) which is called locally Berseem
clover was used in these experinents •
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The objective of this study is to s t udy the effect of
broadcasting seeds in flooded land and seeding in dry soil on
rows of different da at anc ea apart (10, 20, )0 and 40 em), using
different seeding rat es (10, 15, 20, 25 and 30 kg per _
feddan) on the quantitative and qualitative characters of
berseern clover uncler the environmental coni it Lone prErvailing
in the area of study.
Split-plot design was used with the rate of seeding in
the ma Ln plot a, and the met hod of sowing in the sub-plot B.
Analy sis of varian:: e of t he mean of the forage yield :In each
cut, t::tal yield, and the otne z- studied character wez-e involved.
r:L’he interaction Vias 01180 computed between the different
SOWing ne thod s am the va::-i’)us seeding rates on the s1;udied
quant it i ve and qual it ativ t.: charact ers.
Result s could be sum:::.lar1zedas follows:
Fresh .yic Id:
1. Pre sh yie Ld -o-f e-ach cut ani t be t o’tal fre sh yield a s the
sum of the three cut S Viere affected similarly by 1ihe
different sowing method s and the various seeding rat;es.
2. The maximum fresh yie Ld of each cut am total fresh yield
were. obtained by using seeding rate of 15 kg per fedd.an in
the ti..lre.3stud1ed seasons. Extra bjgher seedj.ng rate of
30 kg per feddan z-educ ed the fresh yield of each cut and·
60 ..
the total fresh yield ”to the minimum. These resul1;s
true for all of the sovdng methods unier investiga’tion.
3. Generally, broadcast ing seeds on flooded land produc ed
significantly lower yield as compared wit,h seeding in-dry
land on rows followed by surface irrigattoll using the same
aee dLrg rat e a,
4. ’llhe distame of 20 em be t wean rows prodLCed the higher
fresh yield of eaeh cut and the total fresh yield as well
in all the studied seasons. However the minimum fre:3h
yield of each cut and the total fresh yield were obtained
at the 40 cm distan’ce be t ween rows using the same sE~edi..ne;
rates.
In other w9rds, forage yield decreased as the distance between
rows im-reaaed using the same seeding rates.
5. The combimtidm of 15 Kg seeds per dfeddan sown in rows of
40 em apart produced the maximum . forage yie Id of each cut
and the tota’! fresh yield, While 30 kg seeds per teddan
sown in rows or the same distan:e apart produced the minimumyie
Id ,
Dr.y Yield
6. Resultsof the effect of various planting methods and. the
different seedtqg rates on the dry yield of each cut and”
tllf: total dry yjs Id were mare (2” Ie 88 simj lar to wha1;was
mentioned proviously with the fresh yield with some exceptions.
A,aong those exceptions, tbe interaction of seElding
rate and the distance between rows in the dry method’:l.
Seeding rate of 20 kg per feddan sown or rows of 20 em
apart pr”oduced the maximwn dr7 yield in each cut and the
total dr,y yield as well, -,’ilile the minimum dry yield Was
obtained using )0 kg seeds per feddan Sownin ra.ve of 40
em apart followed by surface irrigation.
61.
7. Also, the dry yield of each cut and the total dry yLeLd in
the flooded planting rae thod reached the maximumby using
25 Kg .. seeds pe r feddan.
However decreasing the seeding rate to 10 K[’; per fE~ddan
reduced the dry yield of each cut and the total dry yield
t a the minimum.
8. Ger.e~·’ally, sowing in flooded Ia nd produc ed lower dr’y yield
than seeding in dry land on rows at different distance~
apart us in.~ the Barre seeding rate s,
Chemical Aml.yaiS
9. There was no specific trend in the response of ~ll€ crude
protein percentage of bc r aeem clover to the sowing methods
and various seeding l~tes.
10. Generally, seediqg rate of 15 Kg per feddan pI’oduced the
hie;hest protein yield. ~lso, the highest yield of protein
caused by increasing the distance from 10 to 20 between
rows.
11. Dry sowing UEthods produced higher protein yield tmlD the
flooded sowing mthod using the 88JIE seeding rates.
12. Higher protein yield •· tas obtained in the later cuts as
compared with the earlier cuts.
13. Seeding rate of 30 kg pez- feddan aJ.most produced thEl highest
crude tiber percentage in both flooded an1 drysowi.n.g
method. H.;·wever seeding rate of 30 -kg per feddan prc:M1uced
the hie he at crude fiber yie Id in’ dry plant in,g .method. But
this yield was proouc,=G. by U.9ing 25~ seeds per fedd.an in
the flooded sawing DE thad.
&2.
14~ Th; distance between r-ows in the dry sowing m.ethod8 did
not affect the crude fiter percent age. [fm{~ver :-he crude
fiber yielJ imreased as the distame between rows increased
from 10 to 20 em between rows, then decreased al3 the
dLst arc e between r owa increased in the dry. sowing net hod ,
15. Dry planting methods produced generally lower cz-ud e fiber
percentage than the f Looded sowing ne t hoda,
16. Gererally late cut a pr-od cc ed more crude fiber pez-cent age
than the early cut a,
l?1ant height
17. ’i’he opt imum seeding r’o.t e of’ 20 kg per i’edd an prod uc ed
plant 8 with maximum he:i..:;hts in both of the flooded plantirg
method and the dry plant ing in rows followed by surface
irrigation. But the dry planting nethods produced
mare taller plants than t~lat of the flooded plar:ti.ng
methods using the aa.ue seeding rates.
18. Seeding ra·~es affected the height s of the plants more with
the flooded sowing method vmich produced shorter plants
as compared with the dry sov/ing methods especially in late
cut a,
IS. ’\,ith dJ~yplanting in rows followed by surface irrigat1:>n,
spacing of 10 cm between rows is the optimum dista]~e for
producing plant s with the maximumheights.
~o. NarrQ’Ver distaDCe between .rows FOOu: ed taller plaltlt s because
of the mare even dis~ribu.tion of the plant p,opulation
per unit of land area.
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21. Concerning the interaction betv-een seeding rate and spaces
between rows, the seedLlg rate of 20 kg per f’edda.n SOVinin
row’s of’ 20 em between rov/s was the ideal combination far
prcducing the tallest plants.
22. Extra higher seedinc rates and spacing between rows decreased
the height of plants significantly in most cases.
Leaf/stem ratio
23. 1
1
he lowe at seeding rate of 10 kg per feddan produced plant s
With the higl?est -~ leaf/stem ratio in most of the studied
cuts. ’.•’h. f,s my be due to the lower competition between
plants for the essential envirol1nEntal requirement s because
of tDe lower intensity of plant population per unit area of
land as a result of’ using relatively lower seeding rate.
24. The minimum leaf/ stem ratio was obtained at the lC>VIest
spaces of 10 em between rows in most cases Which did produce
the talle st pla.~t3.
25. In most cases, the hiGhest leaf/stem ratio Was obtained
at 20 em between rows in the first cuts. But apacj.ng
rate of 30 em produ:: ed the highest leaf/stem ratio in the
second and the third cuts. ’J:ne extra distance of the later
cuts produced plants with Ulare leaf/:Jtcill ratio because
of Dlat’e branching of t ,..e La’tez- cuts where the need of extra
space is essential.
26. Leaf/stem ration of ~lants were higher with flooded planting
method than that of the dry planting method in the
second and the third studied seasons.
64 •.
27. Leaf/stem ratio pel’ plant decreased from the first to
the sec ord to the last, cut s because of more brallChing
which increased the ratio of stems ani decreased. the
leaf/stem ratio.
Weed Densit,y
28. Broadcasting seeds in flooded land stii;.ulated more weed
infestation than t ha t Qj:’ sowing in r-ows of dry land followed
by surface irriGation.
29. Hesu.Lt s indic ated no siGnificant effect for the seeding
rates or spacing between rows on the weed Lnf’e at e.t Lon,
”,-ore investigations ”,-:il1 be recommended 1[1 this respect •
.dranching
30. The average nwnber :f br’anche s per plant increase:d as the
seedir~ rates increased up to a limit.
Seeding rat e of 25 k:g per f’eddan prod~ ed the highe st
branchiDg rate of tne third cuts in the dry planting method.
But the highest average nwnber of brances per plant was
obtained by using 20 i~ seed/feddan.
31. For the flooded planting metho:l, seeding rates did not
effect the average numbez- of branches per plant.
32. There was no specif’ic effect for the seedi[!g rate::J on the
’3verage nuni>er of br-anc ae 8 per plant in t L.€ floodE~d plantir~,~
net nod, However the i3eedi.nc; rate 0:: 25 kg per f’eddan
produced the highe st avel.’age number of branche 8 pez- plant.
33. Dry planting in rows sen:raly produc ed higher branching
behaviour of plant s than that at noeded planting method
usL’Jg ,;he SanE seeding ~a1;ee,
34. By in.; reasing space s bet wee n r-ows, t he av ecag e nurrib er of
branches per plant decreased in the aec ord and t ne third
cut s significantly. ’:’:”hi3 rrny be due to the competition f’or
t he e s sent LaL r-equdz-erae nt s fo:c growth at the hieher density
of pIC!. nt popula t ion v/i’~hiYl the lim1 ted nLl.:b er of rows per
plot.
Humber of branches per pl;lnt at seeding .stage
35. Seeding rate of 20 I~Gper feddan produced the highest
average number of branches per plant at seeding stage.
iIi3her aee dLng rat e caused a signific ant decrease in the
average number of bratlCtl€ s per plant.
~- :36. Spaces of 20 em be t wea.. l.’OV:S produced tue h:i.ghest number
of branches per plant. \,hile the wider di at anco s between
rows slightly decr-e a seu the average number of branches
per plant at seeding stage.
) 7. The average numb er of oram he s at Be adint;; st age was soue
what lower far the flooded method as compared to tre dry
p.la nt ing method.
Average number of inflorescence per plant
38. ~iu.:nber of inflerencenCts per plant was not much a.ffected
by the different planting methods or various seeding rates.
Seeding rate of 25 Kg per feddan am. spacing of 20 to )0
em between rows produced the maximum number of izJi’lorescel’bces
per plant. 1’lbile seeding rate of 20 - 25 kg :per feddan
produced the maximum nuruber of inflorescences per’ plant in
the flooded planting methcd.
1, r66.
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Average nuni:>er of seeds per inflorescence and the seed ~[ield
J9~ Humber of seeds per inflorescerce and the total seed
yield responded similarly to the various SOi’Jing methods
and different seeding rates.
40. The number of seeds per inflore3cence was hieher with dry
planting in rows than with flooded planting method. This
may be due to the hard tripping of the honey bee s in the
flooded met hod ,
41. Sowing with 20 Kg seeds per feddan prodm ed the maxfmum
seed yield. Higher seeding rate s decreased the seed y1e Ld
signific arrt Ly , This was also true for t he flooded planting
methods •.
42. Spacing rate of 20 cm between 1”0\’,18 in the dry plant il’lg
method was the optirm.un. distance between rows for procluc ing
the maximum number of se ed s per inflorescence and th/~
total seed yield as well.
4?J. The interaction of planting method and seed ,yield shewed
that 20 Kg ofseeds planted in rows of 20 em apart produced
the maximum seed production and the number of seedsper
inflore scenee.
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