الفهرس 
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Abstract
This study was carried out during (1992/1993) and (1993/1994
seasons in the Experimental Farm of Faculty of Agric. at Moshtohor,
Zagazig University, Benha branch. The study included two parts:-
I. Effect of nitro en fertilizer forms urea and ammonium sui hate
added by two methods:
1. Foliar application:- The treatments were as the following:-
[Control (the foliage of plants washed by tap water).
2. Urea solution at (2.5 gm.lL).
3. Urea solution at (3.7 g,.IL).
4. Ammonium sulphate solution at (5.75 gm./L).
5. Ammonium sulphate solution at (8.62 gm./L).
2. Soil application: The treatments were as follows:-
1. Control (without fertilizer).
2. Urea at 72 Kg./Feddan (9 gms.lplant).
3. Ammonium sulphate at 166 Kg./Feddan (20.8 gmslplant).
u,Effect of Toppioe,:
The treatments were as follows:-
1. Control (untopped plants)
2. Plants topped for once (after 40 days from transplanting date).
3. Plants topped twice (after 40 and 70 days from transplanting date).
Nicotiana rustica and Nicotiana alata plants were treated with
these treatments.
The experiment of fertilization:
Foliar application:
1.Nicotiana rustica:
1. Plant sprayed by low and hight concentrations of urea and ammonium
sulphate increased branchs number, stem length, stem fresh and dry
weight.
2. Spray the nitrogen (in both forms) increase leaf number/plant and leaves
fresh and dry weights, and urea concentrations were more effective
than, ammonium sulphate concentrations.
3. The leaves measuremenets for lower, middle and upper leaves increased
owing to foliar application, the high level of urea was more effective in
this concern.
4. The roots number and root length were affected by nitrogen as foliar
application, the high concentration of ammonium sulphate was more
effective to increase root length, while the high level of urea increassed
the roots fresh and dry weight.
5. Foliar application of nitrogen fertilizer clearly increased the leaves
content ofN,P,K, the high level of nitrogen was of more effect.
6. The two forms of nitrogen fertilizer at the different levels significantly
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increased the nicotine content and chlorophyll A and B were increased
in Nicotiana rustica leaves.
2. Nicotiana alata:
1. Spraying the two nitrogen forms increased branches number, plant
height and stem fresh and dry weights, especially at 8.62 gms/L
ammonium sulphate.
2. Leaves number and leaves fresh and dry weights were increased with
both nitrogen fertilizer uses specially at 8.62 gmslL ammonium
sulphate.
3. Nitrogen spray increased the measurements of upper, middle and lower
leaves, with the two levels of both sorces.
4. Spraying Nicotiana alata plant by high levels of both nitrogen forms
increased the root number while the higher level of urea increase root
length, but ammonium sulphate increased the root fresh and dry weight.
5. Leaves contents of N,P,K were increased by spraying both forms of
nitrogen fertilizer.
6. All nitrogen spray treatments clearly increased the nicotine content in
Nicotiana alata plants, compared to control plant. The same trend was
noticed with chlorophyll A and B in leaves.
Soil application:
1. Nicotiana rustica:
1. Fertiliztion by urea at the rate of 72 Kg/feddan significantly increased
stem length, stem fresh and dry wight, branches number and leaves
number.
2. The fertilization by urea or ammonium sulphate increased the leavess
fresh and dry weight, there are no significant differences between the
two sourses of nitrogen in this concern.
3. Urea treatments were superior to increase the leaf measurements of
lower, middle and upper leaves over ammonium sulphate treatments.
4. Urea treatments were superior ammonium sulphate to increase, root
number, but root length greatly increased by adding ammonium
sulphate.
5. Nitrogen as soil addition increased root fresh and dry weight, regardless
the form of nitrogen adding.
6. The leaf content ofN,P,K significantly increased by adding ammonium
sulphate at 166 Kglfeddan.
7. The nicotine content significantly increased by using ammonium
sulphate at 166 Kg/feddan,
8. Adding nitrogen by the two forms to soil caused little increase in
chlorophyll A and B but the increase was not significant.
2. Nicotiana alata:
1. Addition of nitrogen fertilizer increased the branch number/plant. but
the branching did not affected by nitrogen forms.
2. Adding nitrogen fertilizer increased the height of plant and stem fresh
and dry weight than urea treatment.
3. Addition of nitrogen fertilizer increased the leaves number. leaves fresh
and dry weight. also the leaf measurements for upper, middle and lower
leaves. The effect of ammonium sulphate was clearer than urea effect.
4. Both nitrogen forms increased root number. roots length and root fresh
and dry weight. Urea treatments were superior to increase root number,
root fresh and dry weight. while ammonium sulphate treatments were
more effective for increasiing root length.
5. Adding mea fertilizer to soil increased the leaf content ofN.P.K than
ammonium sulphate treatments.
6. The two forms of nitrogen fertilizer increased the nicotine content and
chlorophyll A and B in Nicotiana alata leaves.
n. Topping Experiment:
1. Nicotlana rumea:
1. Topping increased the number of branches. effect of topping was more
clearer with topping once than topping twice.
2. Topping decrease plant height the decrease was significant with twice
topping treatments.
3. Topping for once during the growth season increased stem fresh and dry
weight.
4. Topping treatments increased the leaf number/plant, topping for once
recorded the best results in this concern.
S. Topping treatments significantly increased leaves fresh and dry weight
in both topping treatments.
6. Topping treatments increased leaf length for lower, middle or upper
leaves. Twice topping treatment increased the width of leaves.
7. Topping treatments decreased root number, root length, but increase the
root fresh and dry weight, the increase was only significant during the
first season.
8. Topping increased the leaf content from N,P,K, topping twice was more
superior than topping for once.
9. Topping for twice significantly increased the nicotine content in
Nicotiana rustica leaves.
10. Topping had a little effect for increasing the chlorophyll content.
2. Nicotiana alata:
1. Topping significantly increased number of branches, leaves number per
plant. Topping for twice significantly increased the leaves fresh and dry
weight for the two seasons.
2. The hight of plant decreased with topping treatments for once or twice.
3. Topping for once or twice increased leaf measurements compered to
control for lower, middle and upper leaves.
4. Topping treatments decreased root number and root length, the decrease
was more roticable when plants topped for twice than those topped
once.
5. Topping significantly decreased root fresh and dry weights, the decrease
was higher with plants which topped twice.
6. Topping increased the leaf content of N,P,K, as well as the nicotine
content and topping twice recorded the highest percent of nicotine over
both topping once or control plants.
7. Topping had also a little effect for increasing the chlorophyll content of
leaves.
CONCLUSION
In general it could be concluded that:
from all the previous data, it could be quite concluded that, both
sources of nitrogen fertilizer (urea and ammonium sulphate) which applied
as foliar or dressing clearly affected the chemical composition in both
nicotiana varieties which under- taken. The best response was clearly
showed by the high level of urea and ammonium sulphate. Although
Nicotiana rustica showed more responses for urea application than the
other nitrogen source (ammonium sulphate), while the opposite reaction
was noticed for Nicotiana alata.
Concerning, topping effects, it could clearly concluded that, topping
nicotiana plant for twice significantly increased the nicotine and chemical
composition of nicotiana leaves.
In order to obtain the highest vegetative”growth and nicotine yield in
nicotiana leaves it could be advice, to carry out topping process in early
stage of plant growth.