الفهرس 
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Abstract
Response of Some flax varieties to Plant Density and Bio-fertilization in Sandy Soils .
Two field experiments were conducted in the Experimental Station in Ismailia, Agric. Res. Center. during 2002/03 and 2003/04 seasons to study the effect of four bio-fertilizer levels (0, 250, 500 and 750 g Nitrobin / fad) and three plant densities (1750, 2000 and 2250 seeds / m2) on yield and quality of three flax varieties (Sakha 1, Sakha 2 and Belinka).
”Nitrobin” is a mixed culture of Azospirilluin brasiliense, Azospirillum liboferum, Azotobacter chrococcum bacteria, prepared by Soil Microbiology Department, ARC, Giza.
Sakha 1 and Sakha 2 are local varieties of dual purpose type and Belinka is a fiber flax type imported from Holland.
The soil of the experiment was sandy textured soil containing 62.03% coarse sand, 36.23% fine sand, 1.74% silt and clay , on the two seasons average. Available N, P and K were 7.20, 1.30 and 49.50 ppm as averages of both seasons.
The experiments were arranged in a split- split-plot design with three replications in which flax varieties were allocated in the main plots, bio-fertilizer levels occupied the sub plots, while the sub-sub plots were devoted to plant densities. The area of the sub-sub plot was 6 m2 (2x3 m2).
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Seeds were drilled in rows 3 meters long and 20 cm apart on 8’h and 18d1 Nov., in the l’t and 2”d season, respectively.
Nitrogen fertilizer as ammonium nitrate (33.5%N) was applied to all treatments at the rate of 50 kg N / fad at three equal doses after 15, 30 and 45 days from sowing .
The main results of the experiments could be summarized as follows. 1 : Varietal Effects ;
1-Sakha 1 variety recorded greater plant height compared with Sakha 2 and Belinka in both seasons . Technical length of Belinka significantly exceeded that of both Sakha 1 and Sakha 2 in both seasons. Belinka variety was significantly of thinner stems compared with Sakha 1 and Sakha 2
2-Sakha 1 variety significantly surpassed Sakha 2 and Belinka in straw yield per plant in both seasons. Also, Sakha 1 was superior to Sakha 2 and Belinka in straw yield/ fad . on the average of both seasons, Sakha 1, surpassed Sakha 2 and Belinka in straw yield per fad by 7.27and 14.33%,respectively.
3-Sakha 1 variety produced greater total fiber yield than Sakha
2 and Belinka, while Belinka produced greater total fiber yield than Sakha 2. On the average of both seasons. Sakha 1 exceeded Sakha 2 and Belinka in total fiber yield by 10.63 and 7.12 %, respectively.
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4-Long fiber yield of Sakha 1 exceeded that of Sakha 2 and Belinka by 4.50 and 9.27% on the average of both seasons, with significant differences. Also, biological yield of Sakha 1 exceeded that of Sakha 2 and Belinka by 2.46 and 22.4% on the average of both seasons. No significant difference was observed between Sakha 1 and Sakha 2.
5-Sakha 1 variety recorded higher upper branching zone length compared with Sakha 2 and Belinka. Both Sakha 1 and Sakha2 produced significantly greater number of capsules / plant than Belinka. With regard to number of seeds / capsule, no significant differences were detected among the three varieties in both seasons .
6-Both Sakha 1 and Sakha 2 were of greater seed index than Belinka. Also, Sakha 2 was slightly greater than Sakha 1 in this trait. Concerning seed yield / plant, the two local varieties significantly surpassed Belinka.
7-Sakha 2 variety produced higher seed yield / fad than Sakha 1 and Belinka, also Sakha 1 was superior in seed yield than Belinka which was inferior in this trait.
8-Sakha 2 produced greater oil yield / fad compared with Sakha I and Belinka. Sakha 2 surpassed Sakha 1 and Belinka in oil yield by 13.07 and 195,6%, respectively on the average of both seasons.
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9- Belinka variety was superior in long fiber % than Sakha 1 and Sakha 2 in both seasons. Also, Belinka variety exceeded Sakha 1 and Sakha 2 in total fiber % in both seasons.
Concerning fiber fineness, Belinka was more superior than Sakha 1 and Sakha 2 with significant differences. On the other hand, Sakha 1 and Sakha 2 wcrc superior to Bclinka in oil % in both seasons. The best variety was Sakha 2 (40.47%) followed by Sakha 1 (39.89%) and Belinka (37.04%). 11- : Effect of Bio-fertilization :
1-Flax plant height, technical stem length, upper branching zone length , number of seeds per capsule, seed index, seed yield per plant, long fiber percentage, total fiber percentage were not significantly affected by bio-fertilizer application in both seasons.
2-On the other hand, stem diameter, straw yield per plant, and number of capsules per plant were significantly affected by bio-fertilization in one season.
3-The response of straw yield / fad, total fiber yield per fad, long fiber yield per fad, biological yield per fad, seed yield per fad, oil yield per fad, fiber fineness and oil percentage to bio-fertilization was more pronounced where significant increases were recorded in these traits in both seasons.
4-The application of 750 g Nitrobin per fad significantly increased straw yield / fad (19.93%), total fiber yield / fad
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(19.57%) , long fiber yield / fad (16.67%), biological yield / fad (18.70%), seed yield / fad (26.39%), oil yield / fad (31.31%), fiber fineness (3.14%) and oil percentage (1.48%), on the average of both seasons, comparing with check treatment. Effect of plant density :
1-Plant height, technical stem length , stem diameter, long fiber percentage and fiber fineness were significantly affected by increasing plant density from 1750 to 2000 and 2250 seeds / m2
in both seasons.
Increasing plant density from1750 to 2250 seeds / m2 significantly increased plant height (2.21%) technical stem length (3.41%), long fiber% (3.29%), and fiber fineness (4.75%), on the average of both seasons, whereas stem diameter was reduced by 4.23% .
2-Straw yield / plant ,total fiber yield / fad, long fiber yield per fad, biological yield / fad ,seed yield / fad and oil yield per fad were significantly affected by plant density in one season
only.
3-On the other hand, straw yield/fad, upper branching zone length, number of capsules/plant, number of seeds / capsule, seed index, total fiber %, and oil % were not significantly affected by plant density in both seasons.
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IV: Interaction Effects:
1-The effect of the interaction between varieties and bio-fertilization (V x F) was significant on seed yield / fad, oil yield per fad, long fiber%, and fiber fineness in both seasons. This interaction (V x F) was also significant on straw yield / plant, straw yield / fad, total fiber yield / fad, long fiber yield per fad, biological yield/fad, number of capsules / plant, seed yield / plant and oil% in one season only.
2-The interaction between varieties and density (VxD) significantly affected seed yield/fad, oil yield / fad, and fiber fineness in both seasons, whereas this interaction was significant on technical stem length, total fiber yield / fad, and total fiber %
in one season only.
3-The effect of the interaction between bio-fertilization and density (FxD) was significant on straw yield / fad, total fiber yield / fad, seed yield / fad, oil yield/fad, long fiber %, fiber fineness and oil % in one season.
4-The second order interaction (V x F x D) significantly affected total fiber yield / fad, number of capsules / plant, seed yield / fad, and oil yield / fad in both seasons, whereas this interaction was significant on straw yield / plant, straw yield/fad, long fiber yield, biological yield/fad, total fiber %, fiber fineness and oil %
in one season only.
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The results indicated that the highest values for straw yield/fad (4.15 ton ) and fiber yield /fad (873 kg) were recorded by Sakhal supplied with 250 g Nitrobin and seeded at 2000 seeds / m2, on the average of both seasons. The average seed yield was
513 kg / fad.
The greatest fiber fineness reached 270 Nm on the two
seasons average and was recorded by Belinka seeded at 2250 seeds / m2 and supplied with 250g Nitrobin.
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