الفهرس 
Material and methodsOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Two separate experiments on spinach (Spinacia oleracea, L)
Saloniki cultivar were carried out at the Experimental Farm of the Faculty
of Agriculture Moshtohor, Zagazig University (Benha Branch) during the
winter season of 1995 and 1996. Seeds were grown directly in the
permenant field at 28th and 30th October of both seasons respectively.
• First Experiment: Effect of level and source of nitrogen on
vegetative growth, yield and quality of spinach :
Field experiments were carried out to study the effect of different Nlevel
(0, 20, 40 and 60 kg N/fad.) as soil application from urea,
ammonium nitrate and ammonium sulphate. This experiment included 12
-treatments which were the combination of 4 N-Ievels within 3 Nsources.
A split- plot design with four replicates was adopted. The
nitrogen level served as main plots and the sources served as sub-plots.
The rate of P and K fertilizers were applied at 16 kg P20s and 48 kg
K20lFad. for all treatments. Fertilizers were added to the soil at two split
equal portions 3 and 5 weeks after sowing. Agriculture practices were
done as commonly followed in the district.
The obtained results could be summarized as follows:
1- Effect ofN-level.
1.1 Increasing level of nitrogen fertilizer encouraged all plant growth
characteristics; plant height, number of leaves, leaf area and fresh
weight except dry matter percentage. Whereas, no significant
differences in dry weight per plant were found due to N-Ievel.
1.2 Increasing N-level from 0 up to 60 kg N/fad. significantly
increased nitrate accumulation, chlorophyll a.b and total
chlorophyll as well as carotene, N, K, Ca and Mg contents in
spinach plant foliage.
1.3 Increasing N-Ievel of N-fertilizer from 0 up to 60 kg N/fad.
significantly increased total fresh yield of spinach. The increament
of total yield was 14-27 % reached its highest level by 60 kg
N/fad.
2- Effect of N..source.
2.1 Ammonium sulphate application significantly increased plant height
and fresh weight per plant followed by ammonium nitrate whereas
urea had the lowest effect on these characteristics. However, there is
no significant effect on number of leaves and leaf area due to
nitrogen sources.
2.2 Ammonim sulphate application gave the best values of chlorophyll
a, b and total chlorophyll as well as carotene on spinach leaves.
Whereas, urea gave the lowest values. Adding ammonium nitrate
significantly increased nitrate accumulation on spinach plants as
compared with ammonium sulphate or urea.
2.3 Higher values of total fresh yield produced by ammonium sulphate
followed by ammonium nitrate, then urea.
3. Effect of N-Ievel within N-source :
Adding 60 kg N/fad. from ammonium sulphate on spinach
plants gave the favorable effect of plant growth charactericis and total
fresh yield.
Results showed that 60 kg N/fad. as ammonium sulphate produced
the lowest nitrate accumulation, and the highest values of fresh yield.
Conclusion :
As general conclusion, adding 60 kg N/fad. as ammonium sulphate
after 3 and 5 weeks of sowing could be recommended as the most .
favourable treatment for increasing total fresh yield of spinach plants and
for improving the most plant growth and chemical composition as well as
quality characteristic of leaves with the minimum nitrate accumulation.
• Second Experiment: Effect of micronutrients on vegetative
growth, yield and quality of spinach :
This experiment included 7 treatments which are different
concentration of Fe-EDTA (120 or 240 ppm), Zn-EDTA or Mn-EDTA at
(60 or 120 ppm) as foliar application as two foliar spray on spinach at 3rd
and 6th leaf stage after sowing, added to the control without
micronutrients application. Plants received NPK fertilizers at rates of 40
kg N, 16 kg P205 and 48 kg K20/fad. as urea, calcium super phosphate
and potassium sulphate, respectively. NPK were added at two equal
portion at 3 and 6 leaf stage. A complete randomized block design with
four replicates was adopted.
Results were as follows:
1. All micronutrients application increased plant height, fresh
weight and dry weight per plant than the control. Foliar application of
Zn gave the favourable effect on plant growth.
2. Zn application increased N%, K%, MgO,Io and Zn content but
decreased Fe and Mn content. Also no significant effect was noticed
in Ca%, P% or nitrate accumulation in spinach due to micronutrients
foliar spray.
3. The highest values of total fresh yield were obtained with Zn
treatments at 60 or 120 ppm. This increase reached 16.4,23.7% than
the control.
Conclusion :
As general conclusion, spraying spinach plants with Zn-EDT A at
60 ppm at 3rd and 6th leaf stage could be recommended as the most
favourable treatment for increasing plant growth and total fresh yield with
high quality.