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Abstract
SUMMARY
This experiment was carried out at Gimmizah Poultry Research Farm, belong to Agriculture Research Center, Ministry of Agriculture, Gharbia Governate, Egypt.
It was aimed to evaluate the productive performance, time spent for eff formation and egg quality of three local strains (Gimmizah, Mamourah and Bandara).
A total number of 432 pullets (aged 22 week) from Gimmizah, Mamourah and Bandara strains (144 pullets from each strain) subjected to study. Birds were individually caged (after sexual maturity) to classifying them into three groups according to the time of egg formation as pullets of the first, second and third groups needs (<25 hrs, 25 — 26 hrs and >26 hrs) for formation.
Pullets of each group (48 pullets) were distributed in 3 breeding pens (each of 16 females and 2 males). All birds were kept under similar hygienic and environmental conditions and fed ad-libtum on layer ration.
Body weight was recorded at the 28th, 40th and 52th week of pullet’s age. Feed efficiency was calculated for each experimental groups as gram egg produced/gram of feed intake.
Age at sexual maturity, egg weight, egg mass and egg production rate were estimated and considered as traits of egg production performance.
Egg shape index, yolk index, absolute and relative
weights of egg components, shell thickness and Haugh units were estimated as traits of egg quality.
Percentages of fertility, egg weight loss, embryonic mortality, hatchability and hatched chick’s weight were estimated as incubation traits at the 28th, 40th and the 52th week of pullets age.
At the peak of egg production calcium absorption rate for each intestinal part was determined in-vitro in the form of total calcium absorption and absorption per gram intestinal dry weight and per cm intestinal length.
Plasma protein fractions (total, albumen and globulin), cholesterol, total lipids, triglycerides, glucose, calcium, inorganic phosphorus, alkaline phosphatase, GOT, GPT and yolk cholesterol and total lipids were determined at the 28th week of pullets age then at 4 weeks intervals up to the 52th week of pullets age.
Plasma T3, T4 and T3 / T4 ratio were determined at the 28th week of pullets age and at the peak of egg production. Partial regression coefficient values of T3 and T4 on egg production were estimated.
Plasma protein fractions, glucose, calcium and inorganic phosphorus of newly hatched chicks were determined at the 28th, the 40th and the 52th week of pullet’s age.
Correlation coefficient values between time of egg formation and each of egg production , egg weight, shell weight and shell thickness were determined. Correlation coefficient
values between cholesterol and total lipids in egg yolk and cholesterol and total lipids in plasma were also determined.
Results obtained could be summarized as follows:
1-Average of body weight was significantly (P<0.001) different among the three strains at all Pullets age. Pullets of Bandara had the highest live body weight average (1823.05 gm). The lowest average were observed in pullets of Gimmizah (1769.82 gm), while Mamourah pullets had the intermediate average (1813.04 gm).
Average body weight was significantly better in pullets needed more than 26 hours for egg formation (1841.19 gm) when compared with those needed less than 25 hours (1822.82 gm) or those needed 25 to 26 hours (1741.90 gm) for egg formation.
2-Average feed consumption was significantly higher in Bandara pullets (121.47 gm / bird / day) followed by Mamourah (118.45 gm) and Gimmizah (114.18 gm).
Pullets needed less than 25 hours for egg formation were significantly higher in their average of feed consumption (119.96 gm/bird/day) when compared with those needed more than 26 hours (117.21 gm) or those needs 25 to 26 hours (116.92 gm).
3-Feed efficiency was significantly (P<0.001) different among the three strains along the pullet’s age. Gimmizah pullets had significantly high (0.27 gm egg/ gm feed) in feed efficiency followed by Mamourah (0.26) and Bandara ones (0.25).
4-Bandara pullets were significantly (P<0.001) the latest to reach sexual maturity (164.4 days) when compared with either Gimmizah (161.0 day) or Mamourah (160.0 days) ones.
5-Average of egg weight were 49.02, 48.97 and 48.62 gm for Gimmizah, Mamourah and Bandara strains, respectively. Pullet’s age had higher significant effect (P<0.0 1) on egg weight average.
Pullets needed more than 26 hours for egg fo ation had higher egg weight average (49.01 gm) followed by ose need less than 25 hours (48.67 gm).
6-The averages of egg mass were 31.11, 30.60 and 30.38 gm/hen/day for Mamourah, Bandara and Gimmizah strains, respectively.
Averages egg mass mostly, increased consiStently by advanced age reached its maximum value at the peak of egg production. Afterwards it decreased towards the end of the experimental intervals.
Averages of egg mass were 31.16, 30.90 illd 30.02 gm/hen/day for pullets needed less than 25 hour13, 25 to 26 hours and those needed more than 26 hours, respectively.
7-Rate of egg production was significantly different mong all the three strains at all experimental intervals. amourah pullets had highest rate of egg production (62.97%), while the lowest average was observed in Gimmizah pul ets (61.94 %).