الفهرس 
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Abstract
SUMMARY & RECOMMENDATION
The present investigation was carried out during the two successive
1996/1997 and 1997/1998 on Yuccafilamentosa plants in the Experimental
Farm belonging to Faculty of Agriculture at Moshtohor, Zagazig
University, Benha Branch. whereas, the main purpose aimed to throw
some light on some factors affecting growth of 3 months and one year old
plants through studying the ability to grow under different types of media,
nutrition and irrigation through studying the response of both vegetative
and chemical composition of plants. In addition, studying the possibility of
producing plants of three species of Yucca elephentipes, Y.filamentosa and
Y. filamentosa var. variegata through enhancing rooting ability of their
cuttings by applying some growth regulators before inserted them in sand
as a rooting medium.
Part I :
Experiment I : Growth and chemical composition as affected
by growing media:
A simple experiment in complete randomized block design, each
treatment replicated four times, two plants in each replicate.
The investigated media consist of the following mixtures :
Ml- sand + clay + peat
M2- sand + clay + leaves dust
M3- sand + clay + dry chips of Eichhomia speciosa compost
M4- sand + clay + foam
M5- sand + peat + leaves dust
M6- sand + peat + dry chips of Etchhomta spectosa compost
M7- sand + peat + foam
Data obtained could be summarized as follows:
I. 1. Vegetative growth lDeaSIlftDleDts :
1 : 1 : 1
3: 1 : 1
3 : 1 : 1
3 : 1 : 1
3 : 1 : 1
3 : 1 : 1
3 : 1 : 1
1) This study displayed tha.t planting 3 months old seedlings in Ml, M5 and
M7 produced the highest values of plant height, number of leaves, leaf
area, fresh and dry weights of leaves.
2) Data revealed that growing one year old plants in Ml induced the best
results in their effect on plant height. whereas, M5 was the most
favourable medium for increasing number of leaves but leaf area and leaves
fresh and dry weights increased when their plants grown in M2.
I. 2. Root growth measurements :
1) Data obtained declared that both ofM4 and Ml were the most effective
media in increasing number of roots developed on 3 months old seedlings.
On the contrary, planting seedlings in each ofM5, M6 and M7 increased
significantly length, fresh and dry weights of roots.
2) from the obtained data on one year old plants, we mentioned obviously
that ;M4 was the most effective in increasing number of developed roots
whereas, Ml stimulated the peneration of root system to reach the
maximum length. On the other hand, M2, M5 and M7 media increased the
fresh and dry weights of roots.
I. 3. Chemical composition :
I. 3. A. Leaves content:
1) The study displayed that growing 3 months old plants in both M2 and
M6 produced the highest N %. whereas, seedlings grown in Ml and M2
had the highest percentage ofP, K and total carbohydrate.
2) Data obtained declared generally that Ml induced one year old seedlings
with the highest content of nitrogen and total carbohydrate % whereas,
grown seedlings in M2 and M5 gave the highest P% and also M2 gave the
highest value of K%.
I. 3. B. Root content:
1) When planting 3 months old seedlings in M2, N and K% increased.
While, culture in M4 and M7 increased P and total carbohydrate % if the
mean of two seasons was taken into consideration.
2) It is quite clear from obtained data that one year old seedlings grown in
MI, M4 and M6, their roots contained the maximum % ofN and total
carbohydrate. whereas, M2 was the favourable in producing plants with
roots contained the highest P and K %.
Experiment II: Growth and chemical composition as affected
by nutrition treatments :
A factorial experiment in complete randomized block design was
carried out included studying the effect of 13 treatments representative the
different combinations between two forms of fertilizers i.e. Stimufol (PI)
and Prepared fertilizer (F2), two methods of application i.e. spray (S) and
drench (D) and three concentrations of fertilizers i.e. 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 gmIL
/ pot No.25, in addition 0.0 gmJL ”tap water as control”.
The investigated treatments were as follows :
1) Control (tap water)
2) Fl x S at 0.5 gmIL
3) F1 X S at 1.0 gmIL
4) Fl X Sat 1.5 gmIL
5) F1 X D at 0.5 gmIL
6) F1 X D at 1.0 gmIL
7) F1 X D at 1.5 gmIL
8) F2 X S at 0.5 gmIL
9) F2 x S at 1.0 gmIL
10) F2 X S at 1.S gmIL
11) F2X D at 0.5 gmJL
12) F2 x D at 1.0 gm/L
13) F2 xD at 1.5 gmIL
Data obtained could be summarized as follows :
II. 1. Vegetative growth measurements :
1) Data obtained revealed that all vegetative measurements of 3 months old
seedlings responded to drenching F} or F2 at the low and medium rates.
2) Obtained data displayed that one year old plants did not follow a firmer
trend in their effect on the vegetative measurements which showed that
drenching F1 or F2 at all applied rates increased significantly all characters
compared to other treatments.
II. 2. Root growth measurements :
1) Conclusively, the largest number of roots was always in closed
relationship with fertilization 3 months old seedlings with Fl x D at 0.5
gmIL. whereas, the longest roots developed on seedlings supplied with F2
x D at 0.5 gmIL. Meanwhile, both of F, and F2 added as drench at 0.5
gmIL gave the heaviest fresh and dry weights.
2) This study displayed that one year old plants fertilized with F1 x D at 0.5
and 1.0 gmIL increased both number and length of roots, while fresh and
dry weights of roots responded obviously to spraying Flat 1.0 gm/L.
ll. ~3.Cbemical composition :
II. 3. A. Leaves content:
1) It observed on 3 months old seedlings that F2 x D at 1.5 gm/L increased
each of N, Mg, total carbohydrate and Fe content in leaves, whereas F. x S
at 1.0 gm/L, F] x 0 at 1.5 gm!L and F2 x S at 0.5 gm!L were the superior
treatments in increasing P, K and Ca %, respectively. Meanwhile, spraying
plants with F2 at 1.5 gmIL increased Zn and Mn content in leaves.
2) Drenching F2 at 1.5 and 1.0 gmIL to one year old seedlings increased (N
& total carbohydrate) and (P & Zn) content in leaves. While, F2 x S at 1.5
gmJL gave the highest content of Fe and Mn in leaves. F1 x D at 1.5 gm/L,
F
2
x S at 1.0 gmJL and F2 x D at 0.5 gmIL raised K, Ca and Mg % in
leaves, respectively.
n, 3. B. Roots content:
1) It was clear that 3 months old plants responded to F2 x D at 1.5 gm!L
treatment which gave the highest content of N, Mg, total carbohydrate, Fe
and Zn content while, drenching seedlings with 1.0 and 0.5 gmIL ofF2 Ca
and Mn content in roots respectively, but the highest % of K was a result of
fertilized seedlings with F2, x S at 1.5 gmJL.
2) As for one year old, spraying F] at 1.5 gmIL increased Nand K %
whereas, spraying F2 at 0.5 gmIL increased total carbohydrate%. While, F2
x D at 1.5 and 1.0 gmJL gave the highest content of’P, Ca, Mg and Fe.
Meanwhile, both Zn and Mn content responded to drench F2 at 0.5 and 1.0
gm!L, respectively.
Experiment III: Growth and chemical composition as influenced by
irrigation treatments :
This study aimed to know water requirements of 3 months and ODe
year old Yucca plants through irrigation by different water regimes on basis
of field capacity (F.C.). The complete randomized block design with four
replicates each replicate included two plants was used: ,
The investigated treatments were as follows :
I) Inigation by 25 % ofF.C. Level (A)
and (C) levels increased. total carbohydrate % in the first and second
seasons, respectively.
2) Referring to one year old plants, it is quite clear that irrigation by (A)
and (C) levels increased N%whereas irrigation by (0) level raised Pand
K% in leaves and watering by (A) level gave the highest total carbohydrate
% if the mean of two seasons was taken into consideration.
III. 3. B. Roots content:
1) It was easy to observe that 3 months old seedlings irrigated by 75% of
F.C., their roots contained the highest N and total carbohydrate %.
whereas, irrigation by 25 and 75% ofF.C. increased P and K% in roots,
respectively.
2) It is obvious that one year old seedlings irrigated by 100% ofF.C. raised
N, K and total carbohydrate % in roots whereas, P content increased as a
result of irrigation by (0) and (C) levels in the first and second seasons,
respectively.
Part II :
Experiment IV : Effect of growth regulators on rooting of
Yucca cuttings:
Knowing the effect of some growth regulators on rooting of 3 Yucca
sp. Ielephenttpes, jilamentosa, jilamentosa var. vaTiegata) and reflected it
on the success of rooting, vegetative and root measurements of developed
: offsets, as well as the chemical composition of both leaves and roots were
the main purpose of this study.
In addition, the chemical content of phenols and indoles in three
portions of cuttings (Apical, Middle and Basal) were determined and
hormonal content (GA3• IAA and ABA) were also determined to find out
the relationship between their levels as affected by the effect of cutting
portion from one hand and possibility or difficulty to root from the other.
Three Yucca sp. plants were chosen and divided into cuttings dipped
for 3 hours pre culture in the following solutions :
A- Yucca elephentipes cuttings :
1) Control (distilled water)
2) Dipping in IBA 2000 ppm
3)Dipping in rnA 4000 ppm
4) Dipping in PP333 5 ppm
5) Dipping in PP333 25 ppm
6) Dipping in rnA 20 ppm + PP333 5 ppm
7) Dipping in rnA 100 ppm + PP333 25 ppm
8) Dipping in NAA 20 ppm + PP333 5 ppm
9) Dipping in NAA 100 ppm + PP333 25 ppm
B- Yucca filamentosa and Yuccajilamentosa var. variegata cuttings :
1) Control (distilled water)
2) Dipping in rnA 20 ppm + PP333 5 ppm
3) Dipping in rnA 100 ppm + PP333 25 ppm
~) Dipping in NAA 20 ppm + PP333 5 ppm
5) Dipping in NAA 100 ppm + PP33325 ppm
The different treatments were arranged in a randomized complete
block design as each treatment was replicated three times, 4 cuttings in
every replicate.
The obtained results could be summarized as follows :
IV. 1. Yucca elephentipes cuttings:
IV. 1. A. Percentage of succeeded cuttings :
Dipping cuttings cane in PP333 5 ppm and rnA 20 ppm + PP333 5 ppm
increased percentage of succeeded cuttings.
IV. 1. B. Vegetative growth meuurements :
In general, it is quite clear that dipping cuttings in rnA 20 ppm + PP333
5 ppm, dipping in PP3335 ppm in the first season only and NAA 20 ppm +
PP333 5 ppm in the second season only increased number and length of
offsets, in addition number, fresh and dry weights of leaves.
IV. 1. C. Root growth measurements :
When cuttings dipped in PP333 5 ppm and NAA 20 ppm +PP333 5
ppm, the number of developed roots were increased during the first and
second seasons, respectively. While, rnA 20 ppm + PP333 5 ppm treatment
increased significantly length of roots, but fresh and dry weights of roots
increased as a result of rnA 100ppm + PP33325 ppm treatment.
IV. 1. D. Chemical composition:
”
IV. 1. D. 1. Leaves content:
Using PP333 5 ppm to cuttings increased N% in leaves. Meanwhile~
treating cuttings with rnA 20 ppm + PP333 5 ppm treatment was the
effective one in increasing total carbohydrate %and CIN ratio in leaves.
IV. 1. D. 2. Roots content:
Treating cuttings cane with PP333 25 ppm and 5 ppm increased roots
content of nitrogen and total carbohydrate respectively~while IBA 20 ppm
+ PP333 5 ppm increased CIN ratio in roots.
IV. 2. Yucca jUamentosa cuttings:
IV. 2. A. Percentage of succeeded cuttings:
Data obtained revealed generally that IBA 20 ppm + PP333 5 ppm and
IBA 100 ppm +PP333 25 ppm were the superior treatments in increasing %
of succeeded cuttings. whereas, NAA 20 ppm + PP333 5 ppm treatment did
not record any percentage of success.
IV. 2. B. Vegetative and root growth measurements :
rnA 100 ppm + PP333 25 ppm was the most effective treatment in
increasing the aforesaid vegetative and root growth measurements to
cuttings cane.
IV. 2. C. Chemical composition :
IV. 2. C. 1. Leaves content:
Data obtained showed that if mean of two seasons was taken in
consideration, IBA 20 ppm + PP333 5 ppm treatment increased N and total
carbohydrate %, but control treatment increased CIN ratio.
IV. 1. 2. B. Roots content:
Treating cuttings with NAA 100 ppm + PP333 25 ppm and rnA 100
ppm + PP33
3 25 ppm increased nitrogen and total carbohydrate %. While,
rnA 20 ppm + PP333 5 ppm treatment was the most suitable in increasing
e/N ratio.
IV. 3. Yucca filamentosa var. variegata cuttings :
.Generally, we could mentioned that treated cuttings cane with rnA 100
ppm + PP333 25 ppm was the most effective treatment in this respect. On
the contrary, NAA 20 ppm + PP333 5 ppm and NAA 100 ppm + PP333 25
ppm failed completely to produce any value for this character. .
from the different results of two investigated seasons as for the effect
of cuttings rooting which may due to different cutting portion from one
season to other which reflected on the success of rooting. Thus, some
chemical constituents of cuttings as related to its portions (Apical, Middle
and Basal) were determined to reach the most suitable portion for 3
investigated Yucca sp. :
Hormanal content of cuttings :
1- Yucca elephentipes cuttings :
cuttings collected from Apical portion gave the highest GAl, lAA and
total indoles content so, it was the most fuvourable one as compared to the
others.
2- Yucca frlamentosa cuttings:
It was obvious that cuttings taken from Basal portion was the superior
one which it contained the highest content of GA3 (mgtlOO gm dry weight)
in addition, the lowest values of ABA, free and total phenols.
3- Yucca jilamentosa var: variegata cuttings:
It was favourable to take cuttings of Yucca filamentosa var. variegata
from Apical position which gave the highest level of GA3 and no ABA
content in addition, lowest value of free phenols compared to other cuttings
portions.
Recommendation:
The first experiment:
No obvious response could be concluded due to growing Yucca
ftlamentosa 3 months old and one year old seedlings on different growing
media concerning the most of vegetative and root measurements and
chemical content, although Ml (sand: clay: peat moss) and M5 (sand:
peat moss: leaves dust) showed its superiority in most cases for 3 months
seedlings and both of Ml (sand: clay: peat moss) and M2 (sand: clay:
leaves dust) which considered available media for growing one year old
seedlings.
The second experiment:
This investigation aimed to study the response of 3 months and one
year old to the effect of two forms offerti)izers and two methods and three
rates of application. The obtained results can be summarized as follows :
1) As for 3 months old, it could concluded that plants responded obviously
to drenching with F 1 (Stimufol) and F2 (prepared fertilizer) ”at0.5 gm/L
at fortnight intervals.
2) In view of our results, it might be recommended to fedded one year old
plants at fortnight intervals using F1 and F, at 1.0 and 1.5 gmIL as soil
drench.
Generally, from our results it might be recommended to use F2
(prepared fertilizer) which we could prepared easily and gave best
results if it compared to F1 (Stimufol) which costs about 27 LE / Kg
whereas, F
2
costs about 2-3 LE / Kg and their constituents available
locally in addition, foliar application treatment (spray) did not have any
effect on most of the investigated growth measurements as a result of
the presence of waxy layer on leaves surface.
The third experiment: . .
It could be recommended by irrigation 3 months old plants with 50 %
of F.e. and watered one year old plants with 50 and 75 % ofF.C. which
reflected on producing plants with fovowable appearance.
The fourth experiment:
It might be recommended to propagate Yucca sp. from cane stem
cuttings which are cut into sections, waxed on the distal (top); basal ends
Apical portion of cuttings are treated for 3 hours with IBA 20 ppm +PP333
5 ppm for Yucca elephentipes and rnA 100 ppm +PP333 25 ppm for Yucca
filamentosa Basal portion cuttings and Yuccafilamentosa var. variegata
Apical portion cuttings and placed in sand in a worm greenhouse under
shade.