الفهرس 
Material and methodsOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
I
-S-U-M-M-A-R-Y
The present investigation was planned to study the
V21’iabilit:yamong different isolates of Botrytii!.ill1i
ilunn to induce onion neck rot disease. Also their ebilities
to produce chemical changes on onion bulbs owing
t c infection were studied. The effect of gro\’!thregulat0~
S or fungicides on disease incidence Bnd the chemical
ChSDC8S in the bulbs in field and durins storage was
elsa studied.
ReEults obtained could be 8lli~~arizedas follows:
1. Eight isolates .of B. allii were isolated from diseased
onion plants, i.e. transplants, bulbs, saecs and seed
pro(..\ucinbeu;l bs collected from different localities
of cifferent Governorates of ARE. The isolates varied
III their linear growth and culture coloul’ on PDA
see-im-D..
All the tested isolates proved to be pathogenic to
all tested onion cultivars.
_ 6 Isolate No.2 (Assiut) was more virulent y;hcl’€’es isolate
!,O. 3 (hlalla,,,,\·,rais) the lea st virul ent both in greenhOllse
oLd in vitro experiments.
~. The fungi associated with onion seeds ~ere as follows:
i.soer[dllUs niger and Penicillium spp- were isolated
- 109 -
f iom both sterilized [lYH) ul1sterilized seeds. A1ternari~~
spp. and Rhizopus spp. were isolated fl’om the unsterilized
seeds only. Botrytis a11ii ViaE isolated f rom
the sterilized seeds only.
:”. In Cl”eenhouse, experiments the percentage of in! ection
incTe8sec1 v.Lth the incre8sine of ino,~u1um potential
2fter 60
, 3no 120 days in spore suspe1sion method and
(:lfte:r 30 arid 60 days, in the infestetion with fUllC;US
grOVil1 on sorghum medium method.
6. All the five tested onion cu1tivars ~ere susceptible
to infection ~ith B. a11ii except GJzs-6 which was
Grsue X hybrid 33 was highly suscep~ib1e after 60 days
in spore-suspension and disc method3.
7. In vitro, both GibhEr~11in(GA3) and Allar (B9) increased
the linEar Growth of B. a111i on rLh, v-h i.Le 1n601e
acetic acid (IAA) decreased it. Also, it was noticed
th2t all the three growth reguleto18 enhanced the
spoYQlation of B. 811ii.
5. ’:’:oakingonion transplants in di.f f e:’ent concentrations
of GA’:l.’ IAA and Bo before transp181tine:: for different
~ -’
periods decreased the percentage oC infection with
neck ~ot disease under greenhouse conditions except
. in case of soaking in IAA for 6 hours at concentrations
of 100 and 200 ppm (after 120 days).
- lIe -
9” As for the growth regulator IAA, the hl.gie st perc entaG8
of infection after 60 days was 50 % at cone entration
200 ppm for 2 hours and after 120 days it bc~-
8’re 95 % (more than the control) at concentrations of
100 and 200 pp~ for 6 hours. ~hile the lowest
percentage of infection wa s after 60 dn:’8 20 % at
concentration of 50 ppm for 2 hours (in the first
season) and 200 ppm for 4 hours (in the second seacon).
After 120 days it became 60 % at the concentration of
100 ppm for 6 hrs.
~~. As for Allar (B
9
) the highest percentaCJ of infection
2fter 60 days V:38 50 % at eoncent1’etioll of 100 ppm
for 4 hr-s . and after 120 days it reached 90 ’IS at ooncen-
”~:’3tioDS 50 ppm for 6 nr s, and 100 ppm for 2 and 6 hr s,
Tespee. ~hile the lowest percentBge of infection after
60 cays ~8S 20 % at concentration 100 ~pm for 6 hrs.
and after 120 days it became 55 % at 1”cnrentl’atiOl.l of
50 :JP~·!1for 6 hr s ,
,~. As for Gibberellin (GA)) the highest r(rcentage of
infection after 60 days was 55 % at COlcentrations
of 125 ppm for 2 and 4 hr s , (first sea::on) and 250
pp~ for 4 hrs. (secona season), and af;er 120 days it
became 135 % at concentration ·of 500 PI’ n for 2 hr s ,
~hile ~he lOTIest percentage of infectiJn after 60
jays vas 25 % at concentration of 250 Jpm for
- 111 -
6 hours and after 120 days it be cerae (5 % at the conc en t.ratioD
of 500 pvn for 4 hours.
12. The total sugars in Giza-6 cv. bulbs.yielded from
tn’lnsplants soaked in grm’!th r egu La t or sv!ere hLgh er’
in the uninfected bulbs then in the irfected ones~
for all used growth regulators. The feme trend was
noticed in case of non-reducing sugarf •
As fOT GA
3
, the highest amount of totll sugars was
obtained from the uninfected bulbs so:ked in 250 ppm
for 2 hours and the Love st amount was obtained from
::-:i’ec’ceb(ull bs y i.e Ld ed f r-orn soaking i: - 125 ppm for
6 hours. Also, the highest and 10....es eT!ounts of
rec1ucing end non-reducing SUg8TS V:€Te o btn Ln ed from
the sa:ne previous treatments.
14. For IAA, totel, reducing and non-redu~ine sugars were
higher in the uninfected bulbs than il infected ones.
T~€ highest amount of total and reducinG sugars was
obtained from uninfected bulbs soaked in 50 ppm for
2 hrs. AlSO, the highest 8~ounts of non-reducing
sugars ~as obtained from bulbs soake( in 50 ppm
for 2 hI’S. 1he lowest amounts obteired from uninfe~-
ted. ouI bs for total and reducing sup IS from bulbs
-\’;8.8 obtained from soaking in 100 ppm for 2 hours
s~c free soaking in 50 ppm for 2 hrs for infected
DU.l”. QS.
r
- 112 -
15~ For Allar (Bo)’ total, reducinG ond non-reducing
sugars were higher in uninfected bulbs than in infected
ones. The uninfected bulbs soaked jn 25 ppn for
2 hCU.TS gave the highest amounts of tot~ll and reducing
8l1;;::n.’ 8 , wni Le tbe uninfec-ted bul be sonl~?d in lOC ppm
cav’e t r;e hie;hest amounts IJf non-rec1uciL3 sugal’s.
On tbe other hand~ the lOwEst 8mount~ of total, redand
non-reducing
sugSTS Vier-s obtninecl from infected
buL b s ao ak e d in 100 ppm f or 2 hours, ~,CO ppm for 6
hOUTS and 100 ppm for 6 tours, respectively.
.i_ .•• -’ c-’
GcLcI’elly, total and free phenols inCl’C!0sed in dieeas€c1
bu’bs previously tleeted with ~rowth rEGulators. As for
:’8cul to of tl-e8ting plan~~s with GA3, most treatments
S8ve hicner amounts of total, fJ’ee and conjugatc~
phe~o18 then in tbe untreated (plants) faT both the
uninfcct<:.C ,one} infected culbs. The hjyhest amourrt a
of Ts:sl, free and conjuG2ted phenols in infected
C flOUTS, 125 pprn for 2 hours and 500 I prn , respectivcly.
~hcreas the lo~est emounts wer(’ obtained from
500 ppm for 2 hours.
As for IAA, tte highest amounts of to-~81 Bnd free
phenols ~ontent were presented in inf~cted bulbs
t:estAd with 50 ppm for 6 houro. While the highest
conjugetec phenols were presented in il’lfected bulbs
- 113 -
treated with 50 ppm for 4 ~ourH and tte lowest amounts
at 100 ppm for 2 hours •
• )8 for Aller (80) the highest amounts of total, free
-’
sud conjuG2tcd phenols content were fJc~ infected
bu I be t.r-e a t ed wi, th 50 ppm for 2 hours, 50 ppm for
2 hours, 50 ppm for 2 hours end 100 ppm for 4 hOUTS
l’(:’specti vely. V,hile the 1ov:est amounts \”fere’ obtained from
n rri ntect ed bulbs treated ’;:ith100 ppm fOT 2 hOUTD Dt
;25 ppm f02:’ 6 hOUTD arrd 100 ppm for 2 hours, respectively.
jc::, :0’:’ the totsl ami.n o D.cids in the b!JJ.·’~f;yi~lded from
tent incl’O:”-[Jsec1 in t he infected t.h an in the u:linfected
bu..l b s ,
~~.• As for GA-:<,’the highest amoun t of totel ami no acids
’”
c~teined from infected bulbs treated ~j.th 125 ppm
·jL’.l~)S tI’ec,ted\’.’1th 250 ppm for 6 houl’s”, While as for IAA
-’.;.:·lC hi chest arnou n t was from infected bu Lbs tJ:’eated
~ith 100 ppm for 4 hOUTS~ and the lowe3t amount was
fr03 uninfected bulbs treatEa ~ith 200 ppm for 4
hours, eid as for Aller (So) the highest amount of
tc:e:l 22:’~iDO acids wa s f’r-ori infected bulbs at 100 ppm
Ie::’ 4- ncur-s, ’{,bile the lOFest amount Y;3S from un-
~n~ected bulbs treated TIith 100 pp~ fer 6 hOUTs.
- 114 -
the effec~ of tre8tin~ Giz8-20 transplants
before transplanting and spraying the plants before
h2YVesting with Benlete 50 % TIP and Sumisclex 50 %
~p on the phenolic compounds content wos studied at
harvesting time and during storage. It was found
that Sumisclex ;’jave the highest amourrt e from total
2nd freE phe~ols after 60 days storage for most concer:
tr-stions. As for Benlate, come tTe8t~’lents gav e
the hiehest amounts after GO days Bnd the other gave
the highest amounts after 90 days storr~e.
\’f28 effective than Ronilan
50 :~ \’P arid Sumisclex 50 % VIP (s::/stemicfune;icides).
’\’,~:.ile Allison 50 :;’j was effective t han l’O\C1’81 50 ,%
(~lOn-SY2temic fUI1E;icides) on the liI18<’F’ grcJVlth of
•....• , .
~. 2...L.Lll.
C__ ’ Ir:.~, Be::-rlate 50 % ViJ? ’1’:28 effectiv’) than Sumiscle:r.:
50 1 ;p ~hen used for dipping the transplants Giza-20
(Eehe~y) at the rates of 2 giL and 20 giL, respecti7ely,
under field conditions. Whereas the treatment
~ith Bcnlete 50 % gave less infection (4.17 %) end
nore yield (2.4 kg/25 bulbs) than ~:;ul’1i::;clex 50 %.
~~. =reatirg bulbs for seed yield by diff£rent methods
of application of Benlate 50 % WP, Po~ilan 50 % WP,
Ro~ilan dust 5 % and S~lisclex 50 % WP decreased
the percentage of infection with neck rot disease
and increased the seed yieldr It ~as foun~ thnt
- 115 -
0ulbs dipping in Benlate 50 % WP gave the beut resulto
whi Le the least resul ts as regards in case of
c~pr8ying wi th SULlisclex 2g/L in the two ~:easons.
~L:be effect of treating with Benlate 50 ;S ViP and Sumisclcx
50 %.WP before and after transplentine of
Giz2-20 (Dehery cv.) in field on the yield and infectioD
during storage, showed that Benlate was effective
for increasing yield of bulbs while it became less
effective after 150 days during storace. Spraying et
4 weeks before harvesting at the rate of 2 gm/L ~ave
tbe je~t results for the two fungicides on the yield.
2~1~ lJ2dng Benlete 50 ’X’ \’IP and Sumisclex 50 )-; before and
after transplanting of Giza-6 cv. decrensed the
infection in both the field and storaS8 and increased
tje yield. In this respect, Sumisclex was effective
theE Benlate- Cn the other hand, spr2y:ln~ at 4 weeks
befo~e harvesting at the rete of 2 giL was the best
tree.tQent for the two fungicides .on the yield and
•. ~ .J.,.~ l.n~ ec :”lOD.
I
SUMMARY
The present investigation was planned to study the
V21’ iabili t: yamong different isolates of Bot ryt j j I .illl i
ilunn to induce onion neck rot disease. Also their ebili
ties to produce chemical changes on onion bulbs owing
t c infection were studied. The effect of gro \ ’ ! thregulatO~
S or fungicides on disease incidence Bnd the chemical
ChSDC
SS in the bulbs in field and durins storage was
elsa studied.
ReEul ts obtained could be 81li ~~arizedas follows:
1. Eight isolates . of B. allii were isolated from diseased
onion plants, i. e. transplants, bulbs, saecs and seed
pro ( .. \ucinhB.Jlbs collected from different localities
of cifferent Governorates of ARE. The isolates varied
III their linear growth and culture coloul’ on PDA
see-im-D ..
All the tested isolates proved to be pathogenic to
all tested onion cu l ti vars .
6 Isolate No.2 (Assiut) was more virulent y;hcl’€’es isolate
!,o. 3 (hlalla”, ~”fciJs) the lea st virul ent both in greenhOllse
oLd in vitro experiments.
The fungi associated with onion seeds ~ere as follows:
i. soer [dllUs niger and Penicillium spp- were isolated
- 109 -
f iom both sterilized [IYH) ull steriIi zed seeds. AJternarj~~
spp. and Bbj zaP]]5 spp. were isolated fl ’om the unsterilized
seeds only. Botrytjs a J J j j ViaE isolated from
the sterilized seeds only.
.” In CI”eenhouse, experiments the percentage of in! ection
incTe8seci v.Lth the incre8sine of
2fter 60 3no 120 days in spore
(:Ifte:r 30 arid 60 days, in the infestetion
suspe1Sion
ino.e-u lum potential
method and
with fUllC;US
grOVill Oll sorghum medium method.
6. All the five tested onion cu1ti vars ~ere susceptible
to infection < i th B. alljj except GJzs-6 which was
t ,h_an G.’.;..za-20 (T\ehery), wh i L e
Grsue X hybrid 33 was highly suscep~ib1e after 60 days
In spore-suspension and disc method3.
7. In vitro. both GibhEr~11in(GA3) and Allar (B9) increased
the linEar Growth of B. alllj on rLh, v-hi.Le In60le
acetic acid (IAA) decreased it. Also , it was noticed
th2t all the three growth reguleto18 enhanced the
spoYQlation of B. 8JJjj.
5. ’:’ :oakin~nion transplants in di.f f e: ’ent concentrations
of GA’:1. I IAA and B before transp181 tine
0,
for different
periods decreased the percentage oC infection with
neck ~ot disease under greenhouse conditions except
in case of soaking in IAA for 6 hours at concentrations
of 100 and 200 ppm (after 120 days).
- lIe -
9” As for the growth regulator IAA, the hl.gie st perc entaGS
of infection after 60 days was 50 % at cone entra
tion 200 ppm for 2 hours and after 120 days i t bc~-
8’re 95 % (more than the control) at concentrations of
100 and 200 pp-: for 6 hours. ~hile the lowest
percentage of infection wa S after 60 dn:’8 20 % at
concentration of 50 ppm for 2 hours (in the first
season) and 200 ppm for 4 hours (in the second seacon).
After 120 days it became 60 % at the concentration of
100 ppm for 6 hrs.
As for Allar (B
9
) the highest percentaCJ
2fter 60 days V:38 50 % at eoncentl’etioll
of infection
of 100 ppm
for 4 hr-s. and after 120 days it reached 90 ’IS at oonc en-
”~:’3tioDS 50 ppm for 6 nr s, and 100 ppm for 2 and 6 hr s ,
Tespee. ~hile the lowest percentBge of infection after
60 cays ~8S 20 % at concentration 100 ~pm for 6 hrs.
and after 120 days it became 55 % at 1”cnrentl’atiOl.l of
50 :JP~·!1for 6 hr s ,
.>, As for Gibberellin (GA)) the highest r (rcentage of
infection after 60 days was 55 % at COlcentrations
of 125 ppm for 2 and 4 hr s, (first sea: :on) and 250
pp~ for 4 hrs. (secona season), and af;er 120 days it
became 135 % at concentration ·of 500 PI’ n for 2 hr s,
~hile ~he IOTIest percentage of infectiJn after 60
jays vas 25 % at concentration of 250 Jpm for
111 -
6 hours and after 120 days it be cerae (5 % at the conc en t.ratioD
of 500 pvn for 4 hours.
12. The total sugars in Giza -6 cv. bulbs. yielded from
tn’lnsplants soaked in grm’! th r egu La tor sv! ere h Lgh er’
in the uninfected bulbs then in the irfected ones -
for all used growth regulators. The feme trend was
noticed in case of non-reducing sugarf •
As fOT GA , the highest amount of totll sugars was
3
obtained from the uninfected bulbs so: ked in 250 ppm
for 2 hours and the Love st amount was obtained from
::-:i’ec’cEb(il bs yi.eLded fr-om soaking 1:- 125 ppm for
6 hours. Also, the highest and 10...es eT! aunts of
reclucing end non-reducing SUg8TS V:€Te 0 btn Lne d from
the sa:ne previous treatments.
14. For IAA, totel, reducing and non-ir edu-d ne sugars were
higher in the uninfected bulbs than il infected ones.
T~€ highest amount of total and reducinG sugars was
obtained from uninfected bulbs soaked in 50 ppm for
2 hrs. AlSO, the highest 8~ounts of non-reducing
sugars ~as obtained from bulbs soake ( in 50 ppm
for 2 hI’S. 1he lowest amounts obteired from uninfe~-
ted. ouI b s for total and reducing sup IS from bulbs
-\’;8.8 obtained from soaking in 100 ppm for 2 hours
S~C free soaking in 50 ppm for 2 hrs for infected
DU.l~ os,
- 112
i s- For Allar (Bo ) I total, reducinG ond non-reducing
sugars were higher in uninfected bulbs than in infected
ones. The uninfected bulbs soaked j n 25 ppn for
2 hCD.TS gave the highest amounts of tot~ 11 and reducing
811;;::n.’ 8, wni Le tbe uninfec-ted bul be sonl-vd ill laC ppm
cav’e t r;e hie;hest amounts IJf non-recl uci L3 sugal’s.
On tbe other hanri- the lOwEst 8mount~ of total, reducillC;
and non-reducing
sugSTS Vier-s obtninec1 from infected
buLb s ao ak e d in 100 ppm f or 2 hours, ~,CO ppm for 6
hOUTS and 100 ppm for 6 tours, respectively.
GcLcI’e1ly,
o!
total and free phenols inCl’C!Osed ill dieeasf’c l
bu’bs previously tleeted with ~rowth rEGulators. As for
:’8cul to of tl-e8ting p.l an-v-s with GA3, most treatments
S8ve hicner amounts of total, fJ I ee and conj uqat.cphe-
vo l B then in tbe untreated (plants) faT both the
uninfcct<:.C .one} infected culbs. The hjyhest amourrt a
of Ts: sl, free and conjuG2ted phenols in infected
in bu L o s tlE’eteo ”i1·tl;.1 500 ppm for hulhs TIe~e noticed
C flOUTS, 125 pprn for 2 hours and 500 I prn, respectivcly.
~hcreas the lo~est emounts wer(’ obtained from
500 ppm for 2 hours.
As for IAA, tte highest amounts of t.o-v-B’l Bnd free
phenols ~ontent were presented in Lnf vct.ed bulbs
t:estAd with 50 ppm for 6 houro. While the highest
conjugetec phenols were presented in il’lfected bulbs
113 -
treated with 50 ppm for 4 <our H and tte lowest amounts
at 100 ppm for 2 hours •
·)8 for Aller (8q) the highest amounts of total, free
sud conjuG2tcd phenols content were fJc~ infected
bu I be t.r-e at ed wi, th 50 ppm for 2 hours, 50 ppm for
2 hours, 50 ppm for 2 hours end 100 ppm for 4 hOUTS
l’(:’specti ve1y. V, hile the lov:est amounts \”fere’ obtained from
nrrintected bulbs treated ’;:ithlOO ppm ror 2 hOUTDDt
;25 ppm f02:’ 6 hOUTD arrd 100 ppm for 2 hours, respectively.
jc::, :0’:’ the totsl ami.n a D.cids m the b!JJ.· ’~f;yi~lded from
tent inc1’O:”-[Jsecl III the infected t.h an III the u:linfected
bu.l b s ,
~--- As for GA-:<,’ the highest amoun t of tote1 arm no acids
c -t.e i ned from infected bulbs trea ted ~j. th 125 ppm
-jL’.I~)S tI’ ec, ted’.’! th 250 ppm for 6 haul’s”, While as for IAA
-’.;.:·lC hi chest amou n t was from infected buLbs tJ:’eated
< i t.h 100 ppm for 4 hOUTS~ and the lowe3t amount was
frO 3 uninfected bulbs tre atEa < i t.h 200 ppm for 4
hours, eid as for Aller (So) the highest amount of
tc:e:l 22:’~iDO acids wa s f’r-ori infected bulbs at 100 ppm
Ie::’ 4- ncur-s, ’{,bile the lOFest amount Y;3S from un-
~n~ected bulbs treated TIith 100 pp~ fer 6 hOUTs.
- 114 -
the ef f ec- of t re Sr i n- Giz8-20 transplants
before transplanting and spraying the plants before
h2YVesting with Benlete 50 % TIP and Sumisclex 50 %
~p on the phenolic compounds content wos studied at
harvesting time and during storage. It was found
that Sumisc1ex ;Jave the highest amourrt e from total
2nd freE phe-o l s after 60 days storage for most concer:
tr-stions. As for Benlate, come tTe8t~’ lents gave
the hiehest amounts after GO days Bnd the other gave
the highest amounts after 90 days s t or r ve ,
111
than Ronilan
50 :~ \’P arid Sumisclex 50 % VIP (s:: / stemicfune;icides).
’\’,~:.ile Allison 50 >,j was effective than I’O\el’81 50 ,%
(~lOn-SY2temic fUll E;icides) on the liIl8<’F’ grcJVlth of
2’ L uj
If’ ~ Be: : -rla~ % ViI? ’1’:28 effectiv’) than Sumiscle: r. :
50 1 ;p ~hen used for dipping the transplants Giza-20
(Eehe-ry) at the rates of 2 giL and 20 giL, respecti
7ely, under field conditions. Whereas the treatment
~i th Bcnlete 50 % gave less infection (4.17 %) end
nore yield (2.4 kg/25 bulbs) than ~:;ul’li::;clex 50 %.
=reatirg bulbs for seed yield by diff£rent methods
of application of Benlate 50 % WP, Po~ilan 50 % WP,
Ro-v i l an dust 5 % and S~lisclex 50 % WP decreased
the percentage of infection with neck rot disease
and increased the seed y i e l d It ~as f oun-: thnt
- 115 -
Ou1bs dipping in Benlate
whi Le the least resul ts
c-vpt’Sying wi th SULlisc1ex
50 % WP gave
as regards
2g/L III the
the beut resul to
in case of
two ~:easons.
-iibe effect of treating with Benlate 50;S ViP and Sumisclcx
50 %. WP before and after transplentine of
Giz2-20 (Dehery cv.) in field on the yield and infectioD
during storage, showed that Benlate was effective
for increasing yield of bulbs while it became less
effective after 150 days during storace. Spraying et
4 weeks before harvesting at the rate of 2 gm/L ~ave
tbe j e~t results for the two fungicides on the yield.
2~1~ lJ2dng Benlete 50 ’X’ \’/P and Sumisclex 50 )-; before
decrensed the
and
after transplanting
infection in both
of Giza-6 cv.
the field and storaS8 and increased
tj e yield. In this respect, Sumisclex was effective
theE Benlate- Cn the other hand, spr2y: Lri- at 4 weeks
be f o-ie harvesting at the rete of 2 giL was the best
tree. tQent for the two fungicides .on the yield and
l.n~ ect-ioo.