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Abstract
Total hip arthroplasty is one of the most successful orthopedic therapeutic measures available today. It’s estimated
that about 300.000 total hip arthroplasties are performed
worldwide each year. This essay revised the different types of prosthetic bearing surfaces used in joint replacement, metal to
metal, metal to polyethylene, ceramic to polyethylene, ceramic to ceramic and ceramic to metal.
It’s necessary to be aware of the history of hip arthroplasty and to understand the biomechanics of the hip (movement of the joint,range of motion, forces acting on the hip,abductor lever
arm, neck length and offsets and head and neck diameter)in order to evaluate the joint function,develop therapeutic programs for patients with pathological joint problems,planning reconstructive surgeries, and designing hip prostheses.
Also, Good study for the anatomy of hip joint (acetabulam, femoral head, femoral neck and muscle acting on the joint),neck diameter) makes us overcome many problems in THR.
Many problems appeared as major limiting factors for progress of the total hip arthroplasty.These problems such as wear, corrosion and friction were managed by many procedure to
reach the best design.
Total hip arthroplasty evolved as a result of many improvements in design of femoral head prosthesis,the
availability of suitable component materials and manufacturing techniques,a better understanding of hip mechanics,and the need for resurfacing the acetabulum.
The success of THR has triggered development of other joint replacement such as the knee.