الفهرس 
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Abstract
This study aims mainly at investigating the distribution pattern of
soluble salts and ions through the profiles of the newly reclaimed soils
under drip and sprinkler irrigation systems.
Three regions were sleeted for this study i.e South of El-Tahrir,
West of El-Bostan (Nobaria) and El Salhia . Apple trees of about 4
years age were grown in the area irrigated through the drip irrigation
system while that irrigated by means of sprinkler irrigation was croped
with peanut. The tested areas were represented through 19 soil profiles which
were morphologically described and each layer was subjected to
mechanical analysis and determination were carried also for another
main physical and hydrophysical properties ( soil - water saturation % ,
hydraulic conductivity ” k:: , bulk density” BD ” and porosity) and
the chemical properties ( pH, EC , CEC, ESP, SAR and soluble ions) .
Soil sampling:
Soil samples were collected from each tested region, to follow up
the distribution of total soluble salts and soluble ions concentrations
under each irrigation system according to the following order:
i ) To investigate the horizontal distribution pattern of soil salinity ,
samples were taken parallel and perpendicular to the lateral irrigation
line at distances of 0,10,50,90,150 and 200 cm from emitter in case of
drip irrigation and distances of 0,100,250,550,750 and 900 em away
from sprinkler in case of sprinkler irrigation.
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Vertical distribution pattern of soluble salts and ions was
evaluated through soil samples obtained from soil layers beneath
the aforementioned horizontal positions either under drip or
sprinkler irrigation system at depth of 0-10, 10-30,30-50,50-80
and 80-120 em .
1) Distribution pattern of total soluble salts:
Under drip irrigation system, there was a clear lateral
movement of salts towards the edges of the wet zone thus, since
”EC” of the soil was lower near the emitter and higher away from
it . Also, there was a decrease with depth, particularly away from
emitter, with some exceptions in South ofEI Tahrir .
Under sprinkler irrigation system,The horizontal distribution
of total soluble salts showed lower contants near the sprinkler,
and higher away from it . There was no particular vertical
distribution pattern in South of EI Tahrir, and in West ofEI
Bostan was an almost homogeous pattern was observed with
relatively higher salts concentrations at some depths. Soils under
sprinkler irrigation system tended to contain relatively lower
levels cf total soluble salts (0.31 to 2.85 dS/m) than soils under
drip irr~?~tion system (0.32 to 5.12 dS/m) . This trend was more
obvious at the farthest distances away from sprinkler (750 - 900
em) as compared with those away from emitter (150-200 cm).