الفهرس 
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Abstract
SUMMARY
A total of 500 rabbits either slaughtered (440 rabbits) or dead (60 rabbits) were used for the present study. Rabbits were obtained from farms located in Assiut Governorate. His— topathological examination of these kidneys were performed and selected samples were used for ultrastructural studies. Physical examination, protein test and microscopic examination of urine sediment were performed on urine samples obtained directly from the urinary bladders.
Histopathological lesions were observed in the kidneys of
109 (21.8%) of 500 rabbits. According to these histopathological
changes, the lesions were of four types, glomerular affections
(21.10%), tubular nephrosis (10.09), interstitial nephritis
(66.99%) and miscellaneous affections (1.83%).
Acute glomerulonephritis was reported in 5 rabbits and characterized by congestion and hypercellulary of glomerular tufts. Glomerular hypercellularity resulted from proliferation of endothelial and/or mesangial cells. Tubules showed dystrophic changes and casts. Urine examination revealed positive results for protein (IUU—SUUmg/dl), few or moderate numbers of polyhedral epithelial cells. Other cases of acute glomerular affections included 11 rabbits with haemorrhagic syndrome. The most consistent changes were extensive congestion of capillary tufts, haemor— rhages in urinary spaces of glomeruli, filling of tubules with
blood or plasma, necrobiotic and necrotic changes in tubular epithelium. Hematuria was observed in most cases. Urine examination revealed marked proteinurea (500 mg/dl) in all cases, abun— dant erythrocytes, leucocytes and granular casts.
Chronic glomeruleronephritis was observed in 7 cases and characterized by hypercellularity resulting from mesangial cell proliferation, irregular thickening of the basement membrane, proliferation of parietal epithelium of Bowman’s capsule and periglomerular fibrosis. Urine examination revealed slight to moderate positive results for protein, fat globules and granular casts.
Tubular nephrosis characterized by tubular degeneration in form of cloudy swelling and hyDROPic degeneration. Urine examination was positive for protein (100—500 mg/dl), significant numbers of polyhedral epithelial cells were observed.
Microscopical changes in interstitial nephritis could be classified into three subgroup. In the first subgroup, the interstitial reactions composed of lymphocytes, plasma cells and mac— rophages in multiple focal areas. The second subgroup, characterized by severe interstitial reactions with severe tubular
degeneration. The reacting cells were fibroblasts and mononuclear
cells. The third subgroup, characterized by scars formation which appeared as V—shaped areas with their wide side facing the outer surface and narrow portion deeply extended in renal tissue. Interstitial nephritis could been attributed to a protozoan parasite called Encephalitozoon cuniculI. Encephalitozoon could not been observed in sections stained with hematoxylin and eosin but observed in semithin sections stained with toludine blue, Geimsa and Gram stain. The parasite could be observed in mounted urine smears stained by Geimsa. Urine examination revealed positive results for protein ranged from 100—500 mg/dl in many cases, moderate numbers of polyhedral epithelial cells, few cases showed granular and epithelial casts.
Miscellaneous affections of the rabbit’s kidneys included two cases. In the first case the kidney showed adinocarcinoma. Urine examination from this case revealed abundant red blood cells and epithelial cells. The second case showed renal polycys— tic disease which grossly appeared as multiple cysts diffusely scattered allover the cortical surface.