الفهرس 
Material and methodsOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
In the present work, the lignocellulosic materials of Dashean and Carrot residues have been investigated and more information was obtained about their pretreatment and chemical features of these agricultural wastes. Besides, cellulase complex enzymes were evaluated to obtain their optimum conditions. Saccharification process was carried out using these enzymes to convert cellulose polysaccharides of the above-mentioned lignocellulosic materials to glucose and cellobiose syrup.
The obtained results indicated that Dashean and Carrot residues contained a high percentage of cellulose and hemicellulose polysaccharides ( 40.64% , 18.16% ) and ( 39.15% , 18.95% ). Pretreatment of lignocellulosic materials with NaOH or CH3COOH (glacial) was achieved to convert the crystallinity structure of these polymers to amorphous state to enhance the enzymatic attack toward these polysaccharides.
The results indicated that pretreatment of lignocellulosic materials with CH3COOH (glacial) showed a higher yield of cellulose at different concentrations and temperatures comparing with NaOH pretreatment.Effect of different parameters on the reaction velocity and activity of cellulose enzyme (Celluclast L5L) Effect of pH.
The effect of pH values on the enzyme activity indicated that the optimum pH was 4.5 for CMC while that for lignocellulosic materials was 5.1 Effect of temperature
The effect of temperature on the activity of cellulase enzyme was studied. The optimum temperature was 55 °C. Effect of enzyme concentration:-
The effect of enzyme concentration on the activity by using carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) as standard and the extracted lignocellulosic materials was studied. The results indicated that the activity reached its maximum at concentration of 48.45ginM/L/min with enzyme concentration equalled to 300gL/100m1 buffer for CMC and 29.85, 20.13 ginM/L/min with enzyme concentration 450gL/100m1 buffer for Dashean and Carrot residues. Effect of substrate concentration.
The effect of substrate concentration using CMC as standard and extracted cellulose of different lignocellulosic materials on the activity of cellulase enzyme complex (celluclast 1.5 L) indicated that the maximum reaction velocity (V„,„„) of CMC were 2343.51ginIvI/L and 2271.60 , 1683.09 gmM/L for Dashean and Carrot residues.On the other hand, Michelis constant (’Cm) values of cellulase for the above-mentioned substrate were 0.41 , 0.58 and 0.64 g/100m1. Enzymatic saccharification of different pretreatment cellulosic materials.
The acquired results of saccharification process for different lignocellulosic materials indicated that the maximum values of saccharification process was 70.7 % for extracted cellulose of Dashean residue at substrate concentration 10 % after 48h under optimum conditions of cellulase enzyme. While, this maximum value for extracted cellulose of Carrot residue equalled 68.5 % at substrate concentration 10 % for 48h under the optimum conditions.