الفهرس 
Material and methodsOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
The present work was carried out in three successive years
2000/200 I and 2002 at the experimental farm of Agriculture,
Moshtohor, Zagazig University, Egypt. This work included three
experiments ”Study the effect of two different light intensities,
The effect of 6 of growing media and the effect of thiourea
treatments on growth, flowering and chemical composition of
Rosa.
The growing media consisted of the following:
MI. Control using garden soil only (GS).
M2• Sand: GS : FYM*: Foam ( PoUythyrine).l: I:1:1 by volume.
MJ• Sand: GS : FYM : Peat Moss. I :1:I: I by volume.
Ma. Sand : GS : Siudge**: Shipps of Maize husk 2:2: I: 1 by
volume.
Ms. Sand: GS : Sludge: Rice straw 2:2: I: 1 by volume.
~. Sand: GS :Leafmould (dry leaves of Ficus elastica)l:l:lby
volume.
The following results were obtained:-
EXPERIMENTill..::
I-Effect of light intensities on growth and flowering of rose
hybrid tea:-
Plant height was highly significant increase by using
medium M3 and ~ compared to control.
Number of branches Iplant was significant increased at
the open filed and by using media M3 and ~ during the
second season.
Media MJ, M5 and M6 were significantly increased
the number of leaves per plant
Effect of media on flowering:-
Flower stem length was significantly taller under shading by
using media M2, M3 and M6.
All media treatments with significantly increased the
number of leaves per flower stem especially ( media 2,3,5
and 6).
No significant increase resulted in flower diameter
during the two seasons due to the other growing media
under shading or open filed.
Fresh and dry weight of flower stem was significantly
increased by using media 2, 3, 5 and 6 during the second
season at the open field.
EXPERIMENTUl.:.:
-The effect of light iotensities( 25000 lux: 8500 Inx)~
growing and flowerine;different groups of roses:
-Vegetative growth:
Highly significant increase in plant height (greater
than 25000 lux) resulted from plants at open field compared
with plants at shade under trees( less than 8500 lux) during
the two seasons.
The number of shoots showed highly significant
increased from plants grown at open filed (greater than
25000 lux) during the two seasons.
The highest increase in the leaves number! plant
resulted from the full sunlight location(greater than 25000
lux) during the two seasons.
Inferior growth resulted from growing R.. bankesia
under shade ( less than 8500 lux).
Flowering parameters:-
The plants grown at open filed significantly increased
the number of flowers!plants in the two seasons.
The flower fresh weight was highly significant from
plants grown at the open filed(greater than 25000 lux)
compared to the shaded plants ( less than 8500 lux).the two
seasons.
The flower dry weight was increased in plants grown
at the open filed(greater than 25000 lux) compared to
plants grown WIdershading ( less than 8500 lux).
The number of petals increased withunshaded
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plants(greater than 25000 lux)compared with shaded
plants under trees( less than 8500 lux) ..
Rosa poliantha:-
-Vegetative growth:-
No significant increase was noticed on plant height
resulted from the different light intensities during the first
season.
The difference between shaded and unshaded plants
on the number of shoots was highly significant during the
second season.
There was highly significant increase in the number of
leaves per plant resulted from open filed plantation
compared with shaded plants during the seasons.
On flower parameters:-
The flower stem length was affected by the two
different light intensities, during the first season, significant
increase was noticed with the open filed plants(greater than
25000 lux)compared with shaded plants( less than 8500
lux).
At the first season there was no significant increase in
the number of shoots resulted from the different two Light
intensities.
The number of leaves I flower was significantly
increased due to the two different light intensities.
Fresh and dry weight of leaves were highly
significantly increased due to the two different light
intensities during the second season.
Highly significant increase on the number of flowers
per flower stem resulted from plants grown in the open
filed compared with plants grown under tree shaded during
the two successive seasons.
There was highly significant increase in flower
diameter resulted from plants grown at open filed compared
with shaded plants( less than 8500 lux).
Highly significant increase in yield of the number of
flower resulted from unshaded plants(greater than 25000
lux) .
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The fresh weight resulted from open field(greater than .
25000 lux) plantation gave a significant increase in the first
season and highly significant increase in the second.
There was highly significant increase on fresh weight
of flower resulted from open plantation (greater than 25000
lux) compared with shaded plants( less than 8500 lux)
during the two successive seasons.
The dry weight of the flower gave highly significant
increase during the two successive seasons.
The dry weight of flower resulted from comparing the
two light intensities gave significant increase during the
two seasons for the plants grown under the high light
intensity(greater than 25000 lux).
Manetti Roses:-
Vegetative growth:-
- There was a highly significant decrease in the plant
height with the open field plants compared to the shaded
plants during the first season. Highly significant increase in
plant height resulted from plants grown in open field
compared with shaded plants in the second season.
Highly significant increase resulted on the shoots
number as affect by the high light intensity in the second
season.
On flower parameters:-
Highly significant increase was noticed between
shaded and unshaded plant of Manetti Rose throughout the
two seasons.
- The significant differences between shaded and unshaded
plants revealed the increase in the number of flowers cluster
during the two seasons.
The number of leaves increased with plants grown at
open field than those under shade during the two seasons.
- There was highly significant increase in the number of
flowers Icluster during the two seasons resulted from plants
grown in the open field compared with the shaded plants.
- The high light intensity during the two stIsoos gave highly
significant increase on the flower diameter.
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- Open field(greater than 25000 lux) resulted in highly
significant increase on the fresh and dry weight of flower stem
in both seasons.
- Fresh weight of leaves represented a highly significant
increase in the plants grown at open field(greater than 25000
lux) compared with shaded plants( less than 8500 lux). during
the two seasons.
- The open field(greater than 25000 lux) plantation was more
effective in increasing the fresh and dry weight of flowers.
Dorthy Perkins roses.
Vegetative growth:-
- The difference between shaded and unshaded plants on plant
height was highly significant during the two seasons.
- Open field (greater than 25000 lux) plantation at 0.0 I
significant level increased the shoot number during both
seasons compared with shaded plants( less than 8500 lux).
- The great influence of the number of leaves per plant resulted
from the open field(greater than 25000 lux) slemts especially
during the second season.
Flowering cbaracters:-
- There was a great increase in the number of flowers I plant
resuJted from open field plants compared with shaded plants
during both seasons.
- The difference between shaded and unshaded plants reached
to significant level during the first season and highly
significant with the second season on the flower diameter of
Dorthy Perkins flowers.
- The difference in light intensities between shaded and
unshaded significantly increased the number of petals flower
during both seasons.
- Significant increase was true on fresh weight with the open
field plants compared with shaded plant especially in the first
season
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EXPERIMENTUl.:.:
T e effect of thiourea treatments on the growth and
flowering of H. T. roses growing in light intensities less
than 8500 lux :-
Vegetative growth:-
- Plant height was significant increased by increasing the three
concentrations of thiourea compared to control throughout the
two seasons.
Treated with thiourea at 2000 ppm concentrations was more
effective in increasing the number of shoots / plant during the
first season.
- The number of leaves/plant was increased by thiourea at
”1000-2000 ppm concentrations” throughout the two seasons.
*Effect on flowering :-
Thiourea at 4000 ppm was lower significant increase during
the first season and highly significant increase during the second
season on flower stem length.
The number of leaves/flower stem was increasing by thiourea
treatments.
The flower diameter was significantly increased by
using thiourea at 2000 ppm concentrations during the two
season.
There was a significant increase resulted from the two
rates of thiourea ” 1000 - 2000 ppm” on fresh weight of
flower stem during the two season.
Thiourea at 2000 ppm was great increase on dry
weight of flower stem during the two seasons .
• *Evaluation of var of roses planting in the experiment on
border landscape and test the loadine; :-
Organization of rose groups in such garden depended the
above characters on the plant height, dense habit, flowers size
also flowers forms and also the purpose in relation to its
vertical and horizontal effects on the surrounding.
show general view of the layout which was carried out
under shading area 22 m in length 4.5 m width to create 4
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beds. The east side of each bed was planted with 13 plants
of Manetti roses, which the west side planted with 7 plants
(one year old) of Polyantha roses plant On the other hand,
6 plants of Hybrid Tea cv. Chrysler were planted on chard
shape, Two climber plants of Dorthy Perkins and two
plants of Rosa bankisia were planted in every side of
shading bed. The same design was carried out in other
sunny location.
personal table score suggested that both the two climbers
plants of Rosa cv. Dorthy Perkins and Bankisia roses growing
in full sunlight were taller than these growing in shady location.
White the height of Manetti roses decreased under full sunlight
condition. As well as Polantha roses were not affected by the
low light intensity.
The distribution of rose groups as the plant height under
sunny location obtained 8.9 point score, compared to 7.0 point
during the golden stage of the development of rose beds.
Each plant of Manetti rose growing in full sunlight
produced about 74.3 flower in first season while the plant
produced 97.4 flowers in second season. It means that every
Manetti rose plant added 0.03- 0.06 m2 flowering surface area
when the plant was planted in sunny location while, placing the
same plant in shady location produced only 54.0 flowers in the
first second and 75.3 flowers in the second season.
- Accordingly the contribution of Rosa manetti in shady
location was decreased than in sunny location.
All Manetti roses plant in each bed (13 plant) will
create 0.81 m2 as surface flowering area in sunny location
compared to only 0.31 m2 shaded one as low flowering edge a
round the formal roses bed.
It could be concluded that Polantha rose plant grown in
the sunny location shared by about 0.16 m2 as a surface
flowering area compared to 0.04 m2 for the plant grown in the
shady location. Poliantha rose plant in sunny location produced
1.089 m2 as a surface flowering area which in shady location
produced only 0.286 m2 as a surface flowering area in each bed.
Placing Bankisia plant in sunny location produced 609.4
flowers in out of all season which created 0.840 m2 as a surface
flowering area in the space of sunny location in the garden
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compared to only 0.09 m2 for shaded one.
Dorthy Penkins produced 718.8 flowers per year which
added 1.82 m2 as a surface flowering area in sunny location.
- The pynnidical shape of flowers act a dominant element to
function a dynamic piece een from different sides of design the
border and attracting the attention of the garden visitors. This
charming shape obtained the highest point score as (9.29) for
sunny location by the personal test which was carried out during
the peak of flowering of flowering (golden stage) compared to
(6.7) points for the shady location
Chemical constituents of leaves and flowers as affected
by the media:
- Nitrogen % reached maximum in the plant parts resulted from
growing in media (M2, M.a, M, and ~).
_ Phosphorus % was more in the plant parts grown in media
containing a source of phosphorus like M, and ~.
- Potassium % clear increased in organs of plants of M, which
contained leaf mould as a source of potassium.
_ All samples analyses for chlorophyll content resulted in slight
differences. While, the ~ gave maximum content of chlorophyll
compared with the other media.
Chemical constituents of leaves and flowers from the
rose groups:
- Nitrogen %varied in the three groups grown under shade.
_ The phosphorus resulted from the three groups were averaged
( 0.643, 0.543 ·and 0.514 ) for RManetti , Dorthy Perkins ,
Polyantha roses.
_ There were no differences occurred between the three groups
in the potassiwn %.
- There were no differences resulted from the two different
light intensities on carbohydrate content determined with the
three groups.
_ Total chlorophyll content increased with the shading
plantation compared with the open field.
_ Carotene contents were increased with the shaded plants and
the values declined with the open field flantation.
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Chemical constituents of leaves and f1owers:-
3-Thiourea levels:-
- Nitrogen % increased from applying the 2000 ppm thiourea
compared with the controL
- Increasing thiourea level increased phosphorus %.
- Total carbohydrates % increased with the increasing the
thiourea levels.
- Total chlorophyll content decreased with the increasing
thiourea levels compared with the control.
The carotene contents decreased with the increasing of
thiourea levels, compared with the control.
************
The important recommendation:-
l-Consequently in this research recommended with employment
farm straw for made gnnone media for planting roses with
ratios in this research because improvement the soil and
decreased the problems as like to bum this waste.
2-The experiments prove that : we can be planting the roses
under shaded trees in the stile var. but the stylograph and
scansorial no like planting because the low light decreased
the flowers and butifuless in the boarder landscape.
3-The thiourea (2000 ppm) increased the flowering 10 the
H.T.cv. planting in the shad.
4-Plant in the different group in this work led to good example
for aigrette and horizontal coordination in the boarder
landscape especially in the sunlight.
5-Enable loading some herbaceous plants and annalistic plants
on the roses in the firstly years that led to beauty for the
boarder.