الفهرس 
Arabic summary
INTRODUcnONOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Lead intoxication is one of the most important problem in our life. Lead appear more dangerous effect specially on the nervous system. leading to lead encephalopathy. axonal demyelination and degeneration which result in cognitive and motoric dysfunction. Lead exposure interferes with neurotransmission and loss of memory in which lead to behavioural changes and neurologic dysfunction.
The present study was aimed to demonstrate the effect -of lead compounds (inorganic like lead acetate and organic like tetraethyllead) on astrocytes in primary cultures, which reflected iumeasured parameters (morphological. biochemical ami functional changes in these cells). in addition to detect the protective action of some chelating agents like EDTA. BAL. OTT and vitamins C and E against lead toxicity in these cultured astrocytes as a trial for protection and treatment from lead toxicity.
Astrocyte primary cultures were prepared from newly born mice (C57BL/ci) aged 1-3 days by using culturing medium called minimum essential medium Eagle (MEME) in the presence of fetal calf serum up to 4 days. On the fifth day.tills medium became free from fetal calf senun(N4) but most contains some supplements like BSA. insulin-transferrin sodium selenite. progesterone. putrescin and triiodothyronine.
Astrocyte cells which cultivated 14 days in vitro were treated with lead compounds and some protecting agents as following:
a-Treatment with inorganic lead compounds: (1)-PbAc alone from 3ao ~~M to 0.001 /lMfor I da~ and from 20 /lMto 0.001 ~lMfor 6 and 10 days (2)-PbAc from 100 /lMto 0.001 /lMplus EDTA.:’~ /lMfor 1 day and PbAc from 10
/lM to 0.001 ~lMplus 20 /lM EDTA for 10 days (3)-PbAc from 100 JiM to 0.001 JiM plus 5 mMOTT for 1 day. (4)-PhAc IO!1M plus vitamin CO. 10 and 100 JiM) for 1 day. (5)-PbAc10 /lMplus vitamin E (1. 10 and 100 /lM) for 1 day.
b-Treatment with organic lead compound:
(1)-T.:lEPb from 10 p.M to 0.001 JiM alone for 1 day.
(2)-r.sPb plus 10 11M BAL for I day.
The study involved these parameters:
1. Morphological changes by video imaging technique.
2. Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity assay.
3. Measurement ofprotein.
4. Uptake ofradioactive GABA by astrocyte eel’s.
5. Measurement ofintracellular lead. copper and iron inside astrocyte cells.