الفهرس 
الباب الثانىيوجد فقط 14 صفحة متاحة للعرض العام
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المستخلص
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SUMMARY AND RECOMMENDATIONS
Layer chicken fanns are considered important projects which playa major role in
the National economy t for their fast money cycles and their high profits. Many breeders
have shared in animal production and egg production through the private projects in
Egypt. Our government also established many Layer chicken farms to solve the
production problems and actual consumption food problems in Egypt are due to a lack of
food quality and quantity as well as in food calory. The Egyptian consumer does not
obtain the same quantity of protein as his counter parts in the developed countries :
particularly egg protein which considers a cheap source.
Therefore, the aim of thesis was to study the economics of applying new ways for
increasing egg production in Egypt as a cheap source of animal protein and consequently
increasing the per capita consumption. The new ways were achieved by increasing the
period of laying birds for an additional successful season with the use of growth
promoters and gamma-irradiation treatments.
The experimented data and registered records were obtained from two sources :
(1) Statistics published by : The Ministry of Agriculture, institute of Agricultural
economic, and the statistical National Planning institute.
(2) Studies and experim~s carried out in the experimental poultry farm of the animal
physiology unit Biological Applications Department, Nuclear Research Center,
Atomic Energy Authority.
This study included the foDowing :
Chapter I: The abovementioned in troduction.
Chapter n: Contains the lleview of literature in this field.
~2~
Chapter ill: Concerns description of the experimental methods including the achieved
results of applying the lactobacillus bacterial cultures and the lower doses of gammairradiation
on egg production during the second productive season.
The results of those experiments showed that the gamma rays at 50 rad and 0.09 %
of lactobacillus bacterial culture improved egg production of layer chickens (Shaver 288)
in the second produ~ve season.
The egg production as a result of these treatments increased from 55.9 %in
i
control treatment to 72.62 % by using 50 rad and 68.75 %by using 0.09 % of the
bacterial culture also the number of eggs/chicken increased from 31 egglchickenl12 week
(Control) to 41 eggIchickenl12 weeks using SO rad of gamma-rays or to 39
eggIchicken/12 weeks by using 0.09 % oflactobacillus culture. Moreover, the total egg
weight increased from 1.95 Kg/chicken for control to 2.63 Kg/chicken by using SOrad or
to 2.51 Kg/chicken by using 0.09 % of lactobacillus culture during the experimental
period those treatments improved also the chemical characters of the laid eggs.
• In another experiment the relationships between the best treatments of experiment
I along with zinc bacitracin supplementation in the layer feeding on egg production
were investigated.
• i
The results showed that the lower dose of gamma rays (50 rad) individually or with
lactobacillus culture resuhed in a positive effects for increasing the egg production
of (Shaver 288) during the second productive season. Using the antibiotic zinc
bacitracin individually or with lactobacillus or with gamma-rays showed negative
results for egg :production.
CII.pter IV: Discussed the economical evaluation of the mentioned experiments,
moreover the application on the Natiooallevel was taken into consideration. The total
I
costs resulted from: the fixed costs and cbaDged costs. The yearly consumption for
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building and equipments resembled the highest value in the fixed costs, while the feeding
costs showed the largest ratio in the changed costs. Four standard masures were
calculated to demonstrate the economical evaluation.
First Standard Measure:
It clears the ratio between the total income to the total costs. This ratio reached to
131.37 % and 134.81 % in the first experiment for 0.09 % lactobacillus and 50 rad of
gamma-rays respectively. While, this ratio was 127.18 % in the 2nd.experiment after
using both lactobacillus (0.09) and gamma-rays (50 rad) a1ltogether. By applying this
measure on the National level it can be observed that these ratio reached to 116.37 %.
119.78%and 113.34%for the 111and 2nd.experiments respectively.
Second Standard Measure:
It expresses the pure income for the productive unit (1000 eggs). This measure
was improved from 29.76 LE in the control treatment to 51.4 and 54.79 LE in the best
treatments of the lit experiment. This measure increased to 46.45 LE in the mixed
treatment (Lactobacillus + irradiation), as compared to 35.70 LE in the control
treatment. On the National level the abovementioned values were 32.13,37.02 and 27.11
LE for the best treatments in both experiments.
Third Standard Measure :
It represents the total costs for the productive unit. It was remarked that the
gamma-irradiation treatment gave the lowest costs followed by the 1actobacillas
treatment wether on the experimental or on the National levels.
I Fourth Standard Measure :
It one of the most important measure for the economical evaluation. It
demonstrates the percentage of profits for the used money. These percentages were
14.69 % and 18.38 % for the control treatments of the 1st aDd 2m! experiments
respectively. While, these values improved to 31.37 %,34.81 %and 27.18 %for the
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best treatments in both abovementioned experiments. The last ratios on the National
level were 16.37 %, 19.785 and 13.34%by applyindthe best results while, it was only
4.29 % for the control application.
It can be recommended from this study that it is preferable to added the
lactobacillus culture to the diet of laying hens at level 0.09 %to improve the layer
perfonnance during the second production season. Despite the higher profits of applying
gamma-rays as a tool for improving egg productivity, it would be very difficult to
transfer all these numbers of layingbirds to the irradiation sources and returning back.
Chapter V :
It concerns: The summaryand recommendations.