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Abstract
Summary
This study include 31 buffaloes at the peripartum period, with ages
between 2-13 years and their calves represented the materials of present investigation, animals belonged to dairy farm located at El-Hawatka Governmental station, Assiut Governorate.
Selected pregnant buffaloes divided according to the stage of parturition into 3 groups were:
1-15 days prepartum
2-at parturition
3-15 days postpartum.
Each stage subdivided according to number of parturitions into two subgroups:
a- Subgroup 1 included 17buffaloes (2-6 parturitions times)
b- Subgroup 2 included 14 buffaloes (7 and more parturition times)
Each stage was subdivided according to seasons into two subgroups:
a- summer season subgroup included 18 buffaloes.
b- winter season subgroup included 13 buffaloes.
This investigation included also their born calves.
All animals subjected to careful clinical and laboratory examination to ensure their healthy status.
Blood samples were collected from each mother 15 days prepartum, at parturition, and 15 days postpartum. Similar blood samples were collected from their newborn calves within two weeks after birth.
Each blood samples were collected into two forms: A-Anticoagulated blood sample for determination of: 1-Total leukocytic count (T.L.C.) G/L
2-Differential leukocytic count: including
-Neutrophils %
-Lymphocytes %
-Eosinophils %
-Basophils %
-Monocytes %
-Band cells %
3-Phagocytic activity of phagocytic cells %
4-Phagocytic index of phagocytic cells. %
B- Blood serum for biochemical analysis and measurment of:
1-Serum immunoglobulins level µg/dl
2- Serum cortisol hormone level µg/dl
3- Serum zinc level µg/dl
4- Serum selenium level µg/dl
5- Serum cupper level µg/dl
6- Serum vitamin A level µg/dl
7- Serum vitamin E level µg/dl
Standard methods of analysis were performed in the laboratories of Dep. Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Egypt.
Obtained data were statistically analyzed for mean, S.D., P. value, and the correlation.
The following results were recorded:
І-Concerning the division according to number of parturitions:
a-Highly significant increase in T.L.C. at parturition and
postpartum stages, while there was slightly increase in
neutrophils % at parturition stage that’s decreased at
postpartum stage.
b-Lymphocytes % slightly decrease at prepartum and at
parturition stages that’s increase at postpartum stage.
c-Eosinophils % showed significant increase at postpartum stage.
d-Basophils % was non-affected at the peripartum period. While
non-significant decrease in its level postpartum.
e-Highly significant decrease in phagocytic activity between the
two groups at prepartum, and at parturition stages, that’s
became within normal range at postpartum stage.
f-Non significant decrease in phagocytic index at the all stages of
peripartum period.
g-Non significant decrease in immunoglobins level at parturition
stage, that’s increase at postpartum.
h- Cortisol hormone level showed non significant increase at
parturition stage, that’s declined at postpartum stage.
i-Zinc level showed non significant increase at prepartum stage
between group 1&2.
j-Selenium level showed non significant increase prepartum, and
non significant decrease at parturition and postpartum stages.
k- Cupper level showed non significant decrease at prepartum and
at parturition, that’s began increase postpartum.
l-Vitamin A&E showed non significant decrease at parturition
stage, while at prepartum and postpartum stages there was a
highly significant decrease.
ІІ-Concerning division according to seasons:
a-Non significant variation in total and differential leukocytic
count in summer and winter seasons.
b-Non significant decrease in phagocytic activity at postpartum
stage. The same was in phagocytic index.
c-Highly significant decrease in immunoglobins level at parturition
stage, that’s increased gradually at postpartum stage.
d-Cortisol hormone level showed significant increase in winter
season at postpartum stage.
e-Non-significant variation in serum zinc level in both seasons.
f-Selenium serum level showed significant increase in winter at
prepartum stage, while non significant decrease in selenium level
was noticed at postpartum stage.
g-Cupper serum level was significantly decreased at prepartum
stage in winter.
h-Vitamin A&E showed non significant decrease in their levels at
parturition stage.
ІІІ-Correlation inbetween the measured parameters in mothers at
peripartum period:
a-Highly significant negative correlation between neutrophils and
lymphocytes at the peripartum period.
b-Significant positive correlation between phagocytic cells and
vitamins A&E. at prepartum stage.
c-Highly significant negative correlation between T.L.C. and
phagocytic activity and phagocytic index.
d-Non significant positive correlation between cortisol and
immunoglobins at prepartum stage, and significant positive
correlation between cortisol and immunoglobins level at
parturition stage, while the correlation at postopartum stage
was negative.
e-Correlation between mothers and their calves revealed that the
postpartum stage was the most effective stage on calves after
birth. It was found an increase in serum immunoglobins level
after suckling colostrum, with increase cortisol hormone level
and T.L.C. in calves
from the privious points the following appear:
The immune response at the perpartum period in buffaloes was wthin normal limit. The immunity of the animal was not actually affected because of no appearance of diseased conditions at any stage of the peripartum period. That is indicated the efficient immune system in buffaloes animal which protect it from most diseases.
The direct relation between mothers and their calves enable the newborn to depend on mothers for nutrition and building their bodies and development. In addition the most effort that mothers faces after parturition for colostrum lead to decrease of some elements in mothers. However such variations were all in its normal range.
The colostrum is the source of nutrition for calves and forming the immune bodies, which protect them from diseases.