الفهرس 
المقدمةيوجد فقط 14 صفحة متاحة للعرض العام
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المستخلص
Summary
Fruits and vegetables are among the most important crops in the Egyptian agricultural sector. In addition to their clear nutritional value, their economic role as a source of foreign exchange is becoming of great importance in recent years. For example, during the period 2000-2002 Egypt exported about 576.9 thousands tons of vegetables and fruits a year, with a total value of about 477.3 million Egyptian pounds. Marketing losses of about perishables such as fruits and vegetables are huge. Therefore reducing these losses is an easy way to increase supply and meet local and foreign demand for these important crops. The absence of any precise estimates of marketing losses of vegetables and fruits in Egypt is a serious problem facing all parties concerned with local consumption and export planning.
The study has four major objectives:
1-To evaluate percentage of marketing loss for some vegetable and fruit crops through producer to the ultimate consumer.
2-To identify the main reasons and factors that affects these losses.
3-To determine the nature of the relationships between these factors and the quantity of marketing loss.
4-To present some recommendations to help in reducing these losses in Egypt.
The study falls into five chapters. The first one includes three parts. The first part aims to identify what the vegetables and fruits are, and what the importances of economic and nutritional for these crops are. The second part aims to identify the system marketing, channels marketing and the problems that prevent marketing these
summary
crops. The third part discusses various definitions of marketing losses, the methods of estimating them, the most important reasons and factors that affect these losses and problems of estimating marketing loss.
The second section also presents a brief literature review for the losses of vegetable and fruits crop in previous studies.
The second chapter is devoted to detailed discussion of sample size, sampling procedure at the farm level. And also designing of questionnaire forms. The sample at the farm level is a multistage stratified sample. 300 Farmers were randomly chosen in all governorates. The sample farmers number were 119 , 70 , 1 I 1 in El-Giza , Qalubea and El-Sharkia respectively.
A stratified random sample of 100 fruits and vegetables retailers was chosen. This sample includes retailers from eight districts in big Cairo. Four of these are high income districts in El-Mohandeseen, El-Zamalek, Heliopolis and Nasr city, while the other four are low income districts in Shoubra El-Kheima, El-Zawia El-hamra, El-Ketkat and Bolak El-dakror.
The third chapter shows estimating quantity and percentage of marketing loss for vegetable and fruit crops at the farm level, and also determining the nature of the relationships between a group of factors and the quantity of marketing loss for vegetables and fruits at the farm level.This group induce:
1- Quantity of the crops 2- Average of farm price
3- Number of workers 4- Season of planting
This study shows through this chapter that ratio average of the marketing loss was 7.4%, 6.6% for vegetables and fruits respectively in the three governorates together. And also the crop
summary 2
quantity and number of workers are the most important factors which have a great effect on the marketing loss quantity at the farm level.
The fourth chapter shows estimating quantity and percentage of marketing loss for vegetables and fruits crops at the markets level. And also determining the nature of the relationships between a group of factors and the quantity of marketing loss for vegetables and fruits at the market level. This group includes:
1- Quantity of the crop 2- Average of the retail price
3- The crop sorting 4- The season of planting
5- The channel of marketing.
This study shows through this chapter that ratio of the marketing loss was about 10.9 %, 10.3 % for vegetables and fruits respectively in the markets. And also the crop quantity and crop sorting before coming out the farm are the most important factors which have a great effect on the marketing loss quantity at the market level.
The fifth chapter shows analysis of variation for the percentage of marketing loss for vegetables and fruits between the three governorates and analysis of variation for the percentages of marketing loss for vegetables and fruits between high income districts and low income districts. This study shows through this chapter that there is no a significant effect for governorates percentage of marketing loss for vegetables and fruits but there is a significant effect for governorates on the percentage of marketing loss for the different kinds of vegetables and fruits. While there is no significant effect for the two kinds of markets on the percentage of marketing loss for vegetables and fruits. But there is a significant
summary
effect for different kinds of fruits on the percentage of marketing loss for the kinds of fruits.