الفهرس 
الباب الاوليوجد فقط 14 صفحة متاحة للعرض العام
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المستخلص
The agriculture extension is one of the most important rural development authorities which its role is not limited to the increase of the agriculture production but it also tries to raise the competence of productivity through changing the rural habits and traditions hindering the achievement of the agriculture development. It modifies the behaviors knowledge, skills and attitudes leading to desirable economic and social effects. The achievement of food security is one of the rural development objectives because it is one of the important issues facing the world in general and the developing countries in particular including Egypt nowadays. The purpose is to meet the increasing demand on foodstuff because of the overpopulation and their consumption awareness, leading to a food shortage resulting from the differences between the consumption high rates and the moderate food production rates.
In spite of the increase of the production high rates of the horticulture plants in general and the vegetables crops in particular, the loss rates during manipulation process cut off a great amotan of the high productivity. The reason of this loss may be the emphasis of the awareness efforts on the farmer and not on the rural women use and manipulation. This matter is related to the rural women’s knowledge and attitudes because she is responsible for the manipulation of vegetables crops.
The objectives of the study is to:
1 - Studying the rural women’s lcnowledge related to the technical recommendations for cops manipulation of: tomato, squash and strawberry.
2 Examining the rural women’s attitudes towards the loss reduction
practices of: tomato, squash and strawberry.3 Measuring the relationship between the rural women’s knowledge
related to the teclmical recommendations for cops manipulation of tomato, squash and strawberry and the following independent variables: the subject’s age, her husband’s age, the marriage period, the academic qualifications, the husband’s academic qualifications, the children’s academic qualifications, agricultural land ovvned, the land of the three crops tackled in the present study, the family’s experience in growing these three crops, her experience in growing these three crops, her manipulation experience, the average of the fedden productivity’ , the net yield of these crops, the exposure to mass media , the open-mindedness, the informal social participation, the children’s educational and professional ambition level, leadership, connection with change agents , her attitude towards agricultural work, her attitude towards agricultural extension, her attitude tovvards modernization, the loyalty degree to the village , the family impact , the neighborhood influence and the fate belief.
4 - Measuring the relationship between the rural women’s attitudes towards the loss reduction practices of the three crops: tomato, squash and strawberry, and the mentioned-above independent variables .5 Determining the role of the significant coffelation independent
variables related to the technical recommendations of manipulation process of the three crops: tomato, squash and strawberry, in the interpretation of the total variance.6 - Defining the role of the significant conflation independent variables related to the rural women’s attitudes towards the loss reduction practices of: tomato, squash and strawberry, in the interpretation of the total variance.
7 - Defining the sources of the rural women’s lcnowledge concerning the technical recommendations of manipulation process of the three crops: tomato, squash and strawberry .
The present study has been carried out in three centers in Qalubiya Govemorate: Qalub (for tomato), Al-Khanka (for squash) and Shibeen-El-Qanater ( for strawberry ) . Five villages from Qalub Center were selected for tomato, three ones from Al-KhanIca Center for squash and six ones from Shibeen-El-Qanater Center for strawberry . The total number of the sample was 377 which represented 20 % from total number of the wives for farmers growing the three crops in the selected villages, out of them 144 subjects for tomato, 105 for squash and 128 for strawbeffy.
The data were collected through the interview using three questionnaires. The pilot application of these questionnaires and modifications were carried out. The data was statistically treated to suit the quantitative measurement and arithmetic mean, the standard deviation and Pearson’s correlation Coefficient were used.
The main results of the study was:
First: the rural women’s knowledge concerning the technical recommendations of manipulation process of the three crops: tomato , squash and strawberry .1 For tomato, it was found out that the low cognitive level women rate was 29.2 %, and the intermediate cognitive level ones was 59.7 % while the high cognitive level ones was 11.1 %. In other words, about 88.9 % of the subjects (n = 144) where from the low or intermediate level .2 For squash, it was found out that the low cognitive level women
rate was 29.5 %, and the intermediate cognitive level ones was 48.6 % , while the high cognitive level ones was 21.9 % . In other words, about 78.1 % of the subjects (n = 105) where from the low or intermediate level .3 For strawberry , it was found out that the low cognitive level
women rate was 47.6 % , and the intermediate cognitive level ones was 38.3 % , while the high cognitive level ones was 14.1 % . In other words, about 85.9 % of the subjects (n = 105) where from the low or intermediate level .
Second: The rural women’s attitudes towards the loss reduction practices of tomato, squash and strawberry :
I - For tomato, it was found out that the negative attitude women rate was 44.4 %, and the neutral attitude women rate was 26.4 %. While the positive attitude women rate was 29.2 %. In other words,
about 70.8 % of the subjects (n = 144) where from the negative or positive attitude women .
2 For squash, it was found out that the negative attitude women rate was 50.5 % , and the neutral attitude women rate was 22.9 % . while the positive attitude women rate was 26.6 % . In other words, about 73.4
% of the subjects (n = 105) where from the negative or positive attitude women.
3 - For strawberry, it was found out that the negative attitude women rate was 34.4 %, and the neutral attitude women rate was 48.4 %. While the positive attitude women rate was 17.2 %. In other words, about
82.8 % of the subjects ( n = 105 ) where from the negative or positive attitude women
Third: The relationship betvveen the rural women’s Icnowledge concerning technical recommendations for cops manipulation of tomato , squash and strawberry and the following independent variables : 1 There was a significant positive relationship at the level 0.01 between the subjects’ knowledge concerning technical recommendations of tomato and the following independent variables: the subject’s age, her husband’s age, the marriage period, agricultural land owned, the land of the tomato crop, the family’s experience in growing tomato, her experience in growing tomato, the husband’s academic qualifications, connection with change agents, her attitude towards modernization, her attitude towards agricultural extension and the open-mindedness. The variables of her experience in growing tomato and the land of the tomato contributed significantly on
3 There was a significant positive relationship at the level 0.01
between the subjects’ lcnowledge concerning technical recommendations of strawberry and the following independent variables: the subject’s age, her husband’s age, the marriage period , the family’s experience in growing strawberry , her experience in growing strawberry, the average of the fedden productivity , the husband’s academic qualifications, connection vvith change agents, her attitude towards modernization, her attitude towards agricultural work, her attitude towards agricultural extension, the children’s educational and professional ambition level, the informal social participation and the open-mindedness . There was a significant positive relationship at the level 0.05 between the subjects’ knowledge concerning technical recommendations of strawberry and the following independent variables: the net yield, the children’s academic qualifications. The variables of the husband’s academic qualifications, the family’s experience in growing strawberry, her attitude towards agricultural work. Contributed significantly on 0.01 in the total variance explaining the degree of interviewees knowledge concerning technical recommendations of strawberry. The total contribution rate 49.8% distributed as 40.7 % , 4.8 %, 2.7 % , 1.6 % respectively.
Fourth: the relationship between the rural women’s attitudes towards the loss reduction prnctices of the three crops : tomato unlash and strawberry , and the mentioned-above independent variables .0.01 in the total variance explaining the degree of interviewees knowledge concerning technical recommendations of tomato. The total contribution rate to 44.2 % distributed as 41.2 % , 3 % respectively- .
2 - There was a significant positive relationship at the level 0.01 between the subjects’ knowledge concerning technical recommendations of squash and the following independent variables: the subject’s age, her husband’s age, the marriage period, agricultural land owned, her experience in growing squash, the husband’s academic qualifications, her manipulation experience, connection with change agents, her attitude towards modernization , her attitude towards agricultural work, her attitude towards agricultural extension, the children’s educational and professional ambition level, and the open-mindedness,. There was a significant positive relationship at the level 0.05 between the subjects’ knowledge concerning technical recommendations of squash and the following independent variables: the land of the squash crop, the family’s experience in growing this crops, and the average of the fedden productivity. The variables of the husband’s academic qualifications, her husband’s age, connection with change agents, agricultural land owned. Contributed significantly on 0.01 in the total variance explaining the degree of interviewees knowledge concerning technical recommendations of squash. The total contribution rate 49.9 % distributed as 40.3 % , 4.1 %, 2.6 % , 2.9 % respectively .1 There was a significant positive relationship at the level 0.01
between the subjects’ attitudes towards the loss reduction practices of tomato and the following independent variables: the subject’s age , her husband’s age , the marriage period , agricultural land owned , the land of the tomato crop, the average of the fedden productivity , the net yield , the husband’s academic qualifications, connection with change agents, her attitude towards modernization, her attitude towards agricultural extension, and the neighborhood influence . There was a significant positive relationship at the level 0.05 between the subjects’ attitudes towards the loss reduction practices of tomato and the following independent variables: the family impact, the open-mindedness. The variables of: the land of the tomato crop, the family impact. Connection with change agents. Contributed significantly on 0.01 in the total variance explaining the degree of interviewees attitudes towards the loss reduction practices of tomato. The total contribution rate 45.1 % distributed as 41.3 % 2.2 %, 1.6 % , 1.6 % respectively.
2 There was a significant positive relationship at the level 0.01
between the subjects’ attitudes towards the loss reduction practices of squash and the following independent variables: the subject’s age , her husband’s age , the marriage period , agricultural land owned , the land of the squash , the family’s experience in growing squash, her experience in growing squash, her manipulation experience, connection with change agents, her attitude towards modernization, her attitude towards agricultural extension, the children’s educational and professional ambition
level, the open-mindedness. There was a significant positive relationship at the level 0.05 between the subjects’ attitudes towards the loss reduction practices of squash and the following independent variables : the net yield , the husband’s academic qualifications, her attitude towards agricultural work, the neighborhood influence. The variables of the family’s experience in growing squash, the family’s experience in growing squash. Connection with change agents. Contributed significantly- on 0.01 in the total variance explaining the degree of interviewees attitudes towards the loss reduction practices of squash. The total contribution rate 33.8 % distributed as 26.6 %, 7.2 %
respectively.3 — There was a significant positive relationship at the level 0.01 between the subjects’ attitudes towards the loss reduction practices of strawberry and the following independent variables: the subject’s age, her husband’s age , the marriage period , the husband’s academic qualifications, connection with change agents, her attitude towards modernization, her attitude towards agricultural extension, the children’s educational and professional ambition level, the informal social participation and the open-mindedness. There was a significant negative relationship at the level 0.01 between the subjects’ attitudes towards the loss reduction practices of strawberry and the following independent variable fate belief. There was a significant positive relationship at the level 0.05 beriveen the subjects’ attitudes towards the loss reduction practices of strawberry and the following independent variables: the family’s experience in growing strawberry, her experience in growing strawberry, her attitude towards agricultural work. The variables of the children’s
educational and professional ambition level, fate belief Contributed significantly on 0.01 in the total variance explaining the degree of interviewees attitudes towards the loss reduction practices of strawberry . The total contribution rate 17.6 % distributed as 14.9 % , 2.7 % respectively.
Fifth: sources of the rural women’s knowledge concerning the technical recommendations of manipulation process of the three crops : tomato , squash and strawberry .1 - It was found out that the most important sources of the subjects’ Icnowledge concerning the technical recommendations of tomato manipulation were : the family members and relatives , the personal experience ,and neighbors and friends . Their rates respectively were 75 %, 68 % and 59 %.2 It was found out that the most important sources of the subjects’ knowledge concerning the technical recommendations of squash manipulation were: the family members and relatives, the husband,and neighbors and friends .Ttheir rates respectively were 80 %, 61.9 % and 54.3 %.
3 - It was found out that the most important sources of the subjects’ knowledge concerning the technical recommendations of strawberry manipulation were: the family members and relatives , the husband, and personal experience. Their rates respectively were 68 %, 59.4 % and 50 %.