الفهرس 
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Abstract
The present work was to study the effect of farmyard manure application, some nitrogen sources and levels and their interactions on growth, yield and its components, nutrient concentration and uptake and net income of maize plant (Zea maize L). The experiments were conducted in Village No 1 in the West of Samaloute, Minia Governorate, Egypt in two growing seasons, 2005 and 2006.
Farmyard manure was added at the rate of 0 ,10 ,20 and 30 t/fed. The used nitrogen sources were urea (46.5% N), ammonium nitrate ( 33.5%N ) and ammonium sulphate (20.5% N) in four levels, i.e. 0 ,60 ,90 and 120 kg N/fed. A factorial experiment included 48 treatments with four replications, was performed .
The obtained results could be summarized as follows.
1- Growth parameters
All growth parameters, i.e. plant height, dry weight/plant, number of leaves/plant, leaf area and stem diameter were significantly increased by increasing both FYM and nitrogen levels. While, maize growth did not respond to nitrogen sources, except leaf area and stem diameter which increased by using ammonium sulphate.
2- Yield components
Increasing both FYM and nitrogen levels were significantly increased all studied yield components of maize plant, namely, ear length, ear diameter, number of rows / ear, number of kernels /row and 100-seed weight. Both number of rows/ear and number of kernels/row did not respond to nitrogen sources, However, ear length, ear diameter and 100-seed weight were significantly affected by the different nitrogen fertilizers to different magnitudes , while ammonium sulphate gave the highest values of them.
3- Yields
Grain and straw yields as well as biological yield were significantly increased with increasing both FYM and nitrogen levels. Nitrogen sources, had a significant effect on maize yields. The effect of the studied fertilizers can be arranged as the descending order: ammonium sulphate > ammonium nitrate > urea. Also applied 120 kg N/fed. enhanced the farmyard manure application on increasing maize yields.
4- NPK concentrations in ear leaf at tasseling stage
- Nitrogen concentration in ear leaf responded only to increasing nitrogen levels up to 120 kg/fed.
- Phosphorus concentration was only affected by FYM levels, where the highest values of phosphorus concentration were obtained at 30 t FYM/fed.
- Farmyard manure application, nitrogen sources and levels significantly affected potassium concentration in ear leaf. However, the highest values obtained for the plants fertilized with 30 t FYM/fed. and 120 kg N/fed. as ammonium sulphate.
5- N P K concentration in grains and straw
- The concentrations of N,P and K in both grains and straw were significantly increased by increasing FYM levels up to 30 t/fed.
- Nitrogen sources significantly affected potassium concentration in both grains and straw, where ammonium sulphate gave the highest values. On the other hand NP concentrations in both grains and straw did not respond to nitrogen sources.
- N K concentrations in both grains and straw were significantly increased by increasing nitrogen levels. While increasing the levels of urea fertilizer did not affect NK concentrations in grains and straw (BXC interactions). On the other hand, P concentration in either grains or straw did not respond to nitrogen levels.
6- NPK uptake
Farmyard manure applications, nitrogen sources and levels significantly affected NPK uptake by grains and/or straw. Where, the highest values of them were obtained from 30 t FYM/fed and 120 kg N/fed. as ammonium sulphate fertilizer.
7- Net income
Maize grains net income was significantly affected by organic manure and inorganic nitrogen sources and levels, where treatment of 20 t FYM and 120 kg N/fed as ammonium sulphate economically proved to be the most promising combination suitable for maize under newly reclaimed lands.