الفهرس Only 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
In the beet sugar industry, in the extraction and purification stages there are a large amount of foams are present which causes many problems during the process , that can be removed by using an antifoaming agents. These are very expensive and they are imported from Europe .
So the present work deals with the preparation of new antifoaming agents based on fatty acid esters to be used in beet sugar industries .
Chapter I. of this thesis comprises the aim of the present work ,
a literature survey on : foams formation in beet sugar industry, classification of surfactants, classification of non- ionic surfactants , uses of non- ionic surfactants and specification of anti- foaming agents used in food sectors .
Chapter II includes experimental methods used to synthesis some series of defoamers as following :
1- synthesis of defoamers using polyethylene glycol with oleic acid in presence of Conc. H2SO4 98% or phosphoric acid 85% or phosphomolybdic acid .
2- synthesis of effective defoamer; polyethylene glycol -10-hydroxy stearate.
3- laboratory tests .
Chapter III comprises the results and discussion, which includes the followings :-
1. The synthesizes of defoamers using polyethylene glycol 600 and oleic acid in presence of Conc.H2SO4 98% as catalyst .
2. The synthesizes of defoamers using polyethylene glycol 600 and oleic acid in presence of H3PO4 85% as catalyst .
3. The synthesizes of defoamers using polyethylene glycol 600 and oleic acid in presence of phosphomolybdic acid as catalyst .
The defoamers result from the reaction of 0.1 mole of polyethylene glycol (M.Wt =600) and 0.1 mole of oleic acid in presence of 0.1 mole Conc. H2SO4. as catalyst is the most effective synthesized anti-foaming agents . It have the same efficiency as the imported anti-foaming agent with 36 % of the cost of the imported anti-foaming agent.
4. Results of the elemental analysis , IR spectroscopy , and Mass spectroscopy proved that the chemical structure of the effective anti-foaming agent is
5-H.L.B measurement .
Economic study :
The cost of one ton of the imported antifoam 2,500 EURO based on prices 2003 17,500 LE .
The approximately cost of one ton of the prepared antifoam
6,300 LE based on prices 2006
It is 6,300/17,500 х 100 = 36 % of the imported antifoam.
This study demonstrate the possibility to synthesis a local defoamers with the same efficiency as the imported materials with 36% of its cost.
In the beet sugar industry, in the extraction and purification stages there are a large amount of foams are present which causes many problems during the process , that can be removed by using an antifoaming agents. These are very expensive and they are imported from Europe .
So the present work deals with the preparation of new antifoaming agents based on fatty acid esters to be used in beet sugar industries .
Chapter I. of this thesis comprises the aim of the present work ,
a literature survey on : foams formation in beet sugar industry, classification of surfactants, classification of non- ionic surfactants , uses of non- ionic surfactants and specification of anti- foaming agents used in food sectors .
Chapter II includes experimental methods used to synthesis some series of defoamers as following :
1- synthesis of defoamers using polyethylene glycol with oleic acid in presence of Conc. H2SO4 98% or phosphoric acid 85% or phosphomolybdic acid .
2- synthesis of effective defoamer; polyethylene glycol -10-hydroxy stearate.
3- laboratory tests .
Chapter III comprises the results and discussion, which includes the followings :-
1. The synthesizes of defoamers using polyethylene glycol 600 and oleic acid in presence of Conc.H2SO4 98% as catalyst .
2. The synthesizes of defoamers using polyethylene glycol 600 and oleic acid in presence of H3PO4 85% as catalyst .
3. The synthesizes of defoamers using polyethylene glycol 600 and oleic acid in presence of phosphomolybdic acid as catalyst .
The defoamers result from the reaction of 0.1 mole of polyethylene glycol (M.Wt =600) and 0.1 mole of oleic acid in presence of 0.1 mole Conc. H2SO4. as catalyst is the most effective synthesized anti-foaming agents . It have the same efficiency as the imported anti-foaming agent with 36 % of the cost of the imported anti-foaming agent.
4. Results of the elemental analysis , IR spectroscopy , and Mass spectroscopy proved that the chemical structure of the effective anti-foaming agent is
5-H.L.B measurement .
Economic study :
The cost of one ton of the imported antifoam 2,500 EURO based on prices 2003 17,500 LE .
The approximately cost of one ton of the prepared antifoam
6,300 LE based on prices 2006
It is 6,300/17,500 х 100 = 36 % of the imported antifoam.
This study demonstrate the possibility to synthesis a local defoamers with the same efficiency as the imported materials with 36% of its cost.