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Abstract
INTRODUCTION
Sugar beet is one of the important sugar crops in the world. It provides about 28 % of the world sugar production.
The diversity of the plant form with this species is large, as it includes, in addition to sugar beet, the familiar red or yellow table beet as well as green leafy foliage beets such as chard that are eaten as vegetables or salads, and fodder beets or mangles that are grown for cattle feed. Recently, sugar beet is one of the main sources of about 28 % of world sucrose production and over 495,000 tons beet sugar are produced in Egypt. Thus, sugar beet is considered the second crop after sugar cane.
The area cultivated by sugar beet in Egypt was about 168,000 feddan in 2006 with an average of root yield of 19.6 tons/fed. Currently, the annual consumption of sugar in Egypt amounts to be 2.5 million tons, while the production of sugar yield from both sugar cane and beets is about 1.5 million tons .
Today, in Egypt, the white sugar produced from sugar beet is approximately, 28% of the whole production of total sugar yields. In order to narrow the gap between the consumption and production, there are several alternative and cooperative trials for increasing local sugar production in Egypt.
Nowadays, sugar beet crop has an important position in the Egyptian crop rotation, not only in the fertile soils but also in the newly reclaimed ones. In addition to sugar production, products of sugar beet are used to produce nontraditional animal feed as well as they are included in many other secondary industries. There are many factors affecting the yield and quality of sugar beet, such as nutritional status as well as some agricultural practices i.e. sowing date, sowing methods, irrigation intervals, and fertilization.
Nitrogen fertilization plays a distinct role in growth and juice quality of sugar beet. Lack of Egyptian soils in organic matter obligates to take care of nitrogen application to gain good growth and high yield with good quality of sugar beet, Boron is an essential for plant growth and metabolism. It is considered the most important trace element needed by sugar beet. Without an adequate supply of this element, the yield and quality of roots are severely depressed.
Egyptian soils, especially the newly reclaimed ones also, suffer from the lack of boron. Available amounts of boron in the soil solution are not sufficient for good yield of sugar beet plants. So, applications of boron either to the soil or to the plants as foliar spray are needed to maximize the sugar beet yield.
The current study aims to evaluate the effects of nitrogen fertilization as well as boron applications either to the soil or as foliar spray on the plant parameters, yield and sugar yield as well as the quality and impurities of sugar beet in Kalabsho area, Dakahlia Governorate, Egypt.