الفهرس 
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Abstract
Soil remediation treatment train using surfactant flushing and water washing to enhancing air sparging have been used in this work to remove waste-lubricant oils from different polluted sites. Used oil is any oil that has been refined from crude oil or any synthetic oil made from coal, shale or polymer-based starting material. Used oil does not break down easily in the environment and if spilled on the ground, poured down storm drains or disposed with trash; it can pollute surface water or groundwater. This work aimed to remove the polluted used oil leakage to the soil via air sparging enhanced by commercial non-ionic surfactant Nonyl Phenol Ethoxylate (NPEO9). The effects of different parameters like type of soil, pollutant concentrations, surfactant concentrations, and pressure that applied by different mechanism such as continues air injection and/or air pulse accompanied by injection of surfactant solutions followed by different water washing cycles were studied, also the influences of above parameters on flushing/washing time were studies. In this respect, 1kg of homogenous coarse sand with diameter of 0.5 -1 mm was artificially contaminated by different concentrations of 10%, 25% and 50% of used oil as hydrocarbon pollutant. Finally the effect of heterogeneity was study using four samples collected from four different polluted sites and identified as sand, loamy sand, clay loam and loam. The results showed that the removal rate of pollutant increased by increasing of the surfactant concentrations and consequently the treatment time was dramatically dropped. The results also indicated that the efficiency of waste-lubricant oils removal depended on type of soil. As well as the best results are obtained from sand where as the clay loam give the worst results. Due to clay loam has a higher stickiness, plasticity and has an ability to absorb an aqueous surfactant solution they swelling to three times of its volume, therefore, pores were plugged. In addition the loam has high content of silt led to reduce of the permeability, which restrict injection of surfactant flushing, water washing solutions and air pulsing. According to the obtained results, we suggested that we can apply one of the easier and cheapest remedial techniques for any liquid organic contaminated soil by using surfactants solution followed by water washing enhanced by air sparging.