الفهرس Only 14 pages are availabe for public view
 |  | from | 103 |  |  |
| | | from | 103 | | |
Abstract
In this experiment ,we used 105 broiler chicks (one day age old) were brought from a commercial hatchery , fed a balanced commercial starter ration (basal diet) and vaccinated against Newcastle ,Gumboro ,Avian Influenza according to vaccination programe. After 7 days , the chicks were weighed individually and divided randomly into 7 groups (6 treated and 1 control) before adding the plants powder to basal diet, each group contained 15 chicks at 7 days age old, The doses of plants used were :
The 1st group administrated crushed Nigella sativa seeds 1% in basal diet.
The 2nd group administrated crushed Nigella sativa seeds 2% in basal diet.
The 3rd group administrated Curcuma longa powder 0.25% in basal diet.
The 4th group administrated Curcuma longa powder 0.5% in basal diet.
The 5th group administrated crushed Nigella sativa seeds 1% + Curcuma longa powder 0.25% in basal diet.
The 6th group administrated crushed Nigella sativa seeds 2% + Curcuma longa powder 0. 5% in basal diet.
The 7th group administrated the basal diet without any addition (control group).
All chicks from each group (6 treated groups and 1 control group) were weighed individually at day7(D),then weekly until the end of experiment, 6 weeks (D+6) and the diet was weighed at the same periods to evaluate the productive traits (Body weight , Body weight gain , feed conversion ratio , relative growth rate and organ weight index) , at the end of experiment 5 chickens from each group (6 treated groups and 1 control group) were slaughtered and blood samples were collected to estimate haematological studies (PCV% ,Hb% ,RBCs ,WBCs and differential leukocytic count) ,biochemical analysis(ALT , total protein , albumin , globulin, A/G ratio, creatinine , alkaline phosphatase , HDL , LDL , cholesterol , triglycerides and total lipids) ,and we collected also some of internal organs (liver, bursa, kidney and spleen) to estimate the histopathological changes, at the end of experiment also, blood samples were taken from the wing vein from 10 chicks from each group to evaluate the monitoring antibodies against ND and AI .
The obtained results were as following :
a- Productive traits:
1-The body and total body weight gain were improved in broiler chickens which received basal diet containing crushed Nigella sativa seeds 2% and Curcuma longa powder 0.25%.
2- The total feed conversion was not improved by all treatments.
3- The total relative growth rate was improved in broiler chickens by all treatments except crushed Nigella sativa seeds 2% + Curcuma longa powder 0.5%.
4- The bursa and spleen weights were significantly increased in broiler chickens by all treatments except by crushed Nigella sativa seeds 1% and the liver weight was not affected by the all treatments except by Curcuma longa powder 0.25% and Curcuma longa powder 0.5% the liver weight was significantly decreased.
b-Blood pictures:
1- The RBCs count were increased in broiler chickens which received basal diet containing crushed Nigella sativa seeds 1% and WBCs count were increased in broilers chickens which received basal diet containing Curcuma longa powder 0.25%.
2- The lymphocytes count were increased in broiler chickens which received basal diet containing crushed Nigella sativa seeds 2%, Curcuma longa powder 0.25%, Curcuma longa powder 0.5% and crushed Nigella sativa seeds 1% + Curcuma longa powder 0.25% ,the eosinophils count were increased in broiler chickens which received basal diet containing Curcuma longa powder 0.25% ,the monocytes count were increased in broiler chickens which received basal diet containing crushed Nigella sativa seeds 1% + Curcuma longa powder 0.25% and the neutrophil was decreased by the all treatments except by the adding of crushed Nigella sativa seeds 1% and crushed Nigella sativa seeds 2% + Curcuma longa powder 0.5% in basal diet which led to non significant changes.
3- The Hb% was increased in broiler chickens which received basal diet containing crushed Nigella sativa seeds 1% and the PCV% was
increased in broiler chickens which received basal diet containing crushed Nigella sativa seeds 1% and crushed Nigella sativa seeds 2%.
c-Liver functions:
1- The ALT was significantly increased by all treatments except by the adding of crushed Nigella sativa seeds 2% + Curcuma longa powder 0.5% in basal diet which led to non significant changes and ALP was significantly increased in broiler chickens which received basal diet containing crushed Nigella sativa seeds 1% and Curcuma longa powder 0.25%, it significantly decreased in broiler chickens which received basal diet containing crushed Nigella sativa seeds 2%, Curcuma longa powder 0.5% and Nigella sativa seeds 2% + Curcuma longa powder 0.5% and was not significantly changed by adding of crushed Nigella sativa seeds 1% + Curcuma longa powder 0.25% in basal diet.
2- The total protein was increased in broiler chickens which received basal diet containing crushed Nigella sativa seeds1%, crushed Nigella sativa seeds 2% and Nigella sativa seeds 1% + Curcuma longa powder 0.25%, it was significantly decreased in broiler chickens which received basal diet containing Curcuma longa powder 0.5% and Nigella sativa seeds 2% + Curcuma longa powder 0.5% and it was not significantly changed by adding of Curcuma longa powder 0.25% in basal diet.
3- The albumin was significantly increased in broiler chickens which received basal diet containing crushed Nigella sativa seeds 1% and crushed Nigella sativa seeds 2%, it was significantly decreased in broiler chickens which received basal diet containing Curcuma longa powder 0.25%, Curcuma longa powder 0.5% and crushed Nigella sativa seeds 2% + Curcuma longa powder 0.5% and it was not significantly changed by adding of crushed Nigella sativa seeds 1% + Curcuma longa powder 0.25% in basal diet.
4- The globulin was significantly increased in broiler chickens which received basal diet containing crushed Nigella sativa seeds 1% and crushed Nigella sativa seeds 2% and Curcuma longa powder 0.25%, it was significantly decreased in broiler chickens which received basal diet containing Curcuma longa powder 0.5% and crushed Nigella sativa seeds 2% + Curcuma longa powder 0.5% and it was not significantly changed by adding of crushed Nigella sativa seeds 1% + Curcuma longa powder 0.25% in basal diet.
5- The albumin / globulin ratio was significantly decreased in broiler chickens which received basal diet containing Curcuma longa powder 0.25% and crushed Nigella sativa seeds 2% + Curcuma longa powder 0.5% and it was not significantly affected by other treatments.
d-Kidney functions:
1- The creatinine was increased in broiler chickens which received basal diet containing crushed Nigella sativa seeds 1%, crushed Nigella sativa seeds 2%, Curcuma longa powder 0.25% and crushed Nigella sativa seeds 2% + Curcuma longa powder 0.5% and it was not significantly changed by the using of Curcuma longa powder 0.5% and crushed Nigella sativa seeds 1% + Curcuma longa powder 0.25%.
e-lipid profile:
1- The cholesterol was increased by all treatments except by the using of Curcuma longa powder 0.25%, Curcuma longa powder 0.5% and crushed Nigella sativa seeds 2% + Curcuma longa powder 0.5% it was significantly decreased. HDL was increased in broiler chickens which received basal diet containing crushed Nigella sativa seeds 2%, it was decreased in broiler chickens which received basal diet containing Curcuma longa powder 0.25%, Curcuma longa powder 0.5% and crushed Nigella sativa seeds 2% + Curcuma longa powder 0.5% and it was not significantly changed by the using of crushed Nigella sativa seeds 1% and crushed Nigella sativa seeds 1% + Curcuma longa powder 0.25%. LDL was increased in broiler chickens which received basal diet containing crushed Nigella sativa seeds 1%, crushed Nigella sativa seeds 2% and crushed Nigella sativa seeds 1% + Curcuma longa powder 0.25%, While with Curcuma longa powder 0.25%, Curcuma longa powder 0.5% and crushed Nigella sativa seeds 2% + Curcuma longa powder 0.5% there was no significant changes . TG were decreased by all treatments except they were significantly increased by the adding of crushed Nigella sativa seeds 1% + Curcuma longa powder 0.25% in basal diet of broiler chickens and they were not significantly changed by the using of crushed Nigella sativa seeds 1%. Finally the total lipids were significantly decreased by all treatments except by the using of crushed Nigella sativa seeds 2% they were significantly increased.
f- Immunity:
1- The Curcuma longa powder 0.25% and crushed Nigella sativa seeds 1% + Curcuma longa powder 0.25% had desirable effect on antibody titer for Newcastle due to the lymphocytes count, bursa and spleen weight were significantly increased, moreover, Curcuma longa powder 0.25% led to significant increase in WBCs and globulins and it had no effect in protein and crushed Nigella sativa seeds 1% + Curcuma longa powder 0.25% led to significantly increased in protein, it had no effect on globulins but WBCs were significantly decreased. While, crushed Nigella sativa seeds 2% + Curcuma longa powder 0.5% had undesirable effect on antibody titer for Newcastle due to WBCs, protein and globulin were significantly decreased, it had no effect on lymphocytes count but bursa and spleen weights were significantly increased. And, we found that the all treatments had no effect on antibody titer for Avian influenza.
g- Histopathological findings:
No histopathological findings in these organs (liver, kidney. bursa and spleen) by any treatment.