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Abstract
Summary:-In the survey over one year (2009) at Manzala abattoir, revealed that the main causes of condemnation of livers are fascioliasis and abscesses.
Sixty random samples of normal livers of sheep, cattle and buffalo (20 of animal) were collected from Manzala abattoir. The samples were collected in polyethylene bags, all of which were kept in ice box and transferred immediately to the meat hygiene laboratory, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University. The samples were subjected to organoleptic and microbiological examination then analyzed to estimate the level of lead and cadmium residues by Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (AAS).
The results of organoleptic examination revealed that the majority of the examined normal liver samples of the examined animal species exhibited normal colour, consistency, as well as an acceptable odour.
The bacteriological examinations revealed that the average aerobic plate count of the examined normal liver samples of sheep, cattle and buffalo was (3.5×106 ± 1.4×106 ), ( 8.6×106 ± 4.3×106) and ( 6.7×106 ± 3.4×106) cfu/g; respectively. While the average Enterobacteriaceae count of the same examined liver samples was (1.6×104 ± 8×103 ), (3.2×104 ± 1.9×104) and (7.8×104 ± 5.2×104) cfu/g; respectively.
The residual concentration level of lead (ppm) in the examined liver samples was in a range of 0.090 to 0.170, 0.038 to 0.073 and 0.006 to 0.163 with a mean value of ±SE of 0.127 ± 0.015, 0.053 ± 0.006 and 0.104 ± 0.027 ppm; respectively. All samples (100%) were within the permissible limits (0.5 ppm) according to EOSQC (2007). The mean concentration of lead in liver samples was generally higher than the maximum acceptable concentration in WHO (1984). On the other hand, the mean concentration of lead in liver samples of sheep and buffalo was higher than the maximum acceptable concentration in European Commission (EC) (2004) but the mean concentration of lead in liver samples of cattle was lower than the maximum concentration in EC (2004).
The residual concentration level of cadmium (ppm) in the examined liver samples was in a range of 0.003 to 0.078, 0.005 to 0.023 and 0.003 to 0.045 with a mean value of ±SE of 0.045 ± 0.014, 0.013 ± 0.003 and 0.027 ± 0.007ppm ; respectively. All samples (100%) were within the permissible limits (0.1 ppm) according to EOSQC (2007). The mean concentration of cadmium in liver samples was generally lower than the maximum acceptable concentration in WHO (1984). On the other hand, the mean concentration of cadmium in liver samples was generally higher than the maximum acceptable concentration in European Commission (EC) (2004).
The highest mean value of lead concentration was recorded in sheep (0.127 ppm) followed by buffalo (0.104 ppm) then cattle (0.053 ppm).Also, The highest mean value of cadmium concentration was recorded in sheep (0.045 ppm) followed by buffalo (0.027ppm) then cattle (0.013ppm). These results emphasized that sheep subjected to contamination with heavy metals than cattle and buffalo due to nature of rearing of sheep where it moves from area to another on roads while cattle and buffalo rearing restricted in closed area.
The results of this study demonstrate that no risk of human exposure to cadmium and lead in livers of slaughtered food animals. The effects of lead and cadmium on public health and how to reduce contamination with heavy metals and suggestive hygienic measures for attainment fresh livers in abattoir of a good microbiological quality were discussed.