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Abstract
The aim of this work is to study the epidemiology (risk factors, causes &prognosis),diagnosis and the advances in management of opportunistic infection in the immunocompromised children in the Hematology & Oncology unit of Zagazig University children hospital in the past three years .In recent years many remarkable changes occurred in our way of life, producing opportunities for microbes. All these changes are related to the recent emergence of previously unrecognized diseases, or the resurgence of diseases that, at least in developed countries, were thought to be under control. This concept is reviewed regarding fungal , viral , protozoal & bacterial infections and their agents in the immunocompromised host. The changing pattern of these infections, the portals of entry of microbes into the human host, organism pathogenicity and the main predisposing factors are analyzed. Opportunistic infections in immunocompromising states like cancer, organ transplant and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome patients are reviewed, specially fungal and viral.