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Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is one of the most serious problems of modern public health; its complications are highly dangerous as it may lead to deaths. Diabetes still remains incurable problem but many studies were carried to control and to minimize the bad sequel even after insulin or oral hypoglycemic agents.
The present study was carried in order to throw the light on the effect of Zn and curcumin on STZ-induced diabetic rats specially on blood level of glucose, cholesterol, triacylglycerol and some enzymatic activities.
In this study a total of 96 adult male albino rats, acclimated on same conditions, put under good hygienic and fed daily on barley and vegetables. Rats under study were divided fully randomly in to eight equal groups (each group 12 rats):
• Control group: Rats without any treatment.
• STZ-induced diabetic group: Rats were injected 60 mg / kg Bwt STZ i/p.
• Non-diabetic Zn-treated group: Rats were daily administrated 100 mg / kg Bwt Zn sulfate dissolved in non-ionized water by using gastric gavage for 60 day.
• Diabetic Zn-treated group: Rats were injected 60 mg / kg Bwt STZ i/p and after 3 days they administrated orally 100 mg / kg Bwt Zn sulfate for 60 days.
• Non-diabetic curcumin-treated group: Rats were daily administrated 80 mg / kg Bwt curcumin dissolved in saline by gavage for 60 days.
• Diabetic curcumin-treated group: Rats were injected 60 mg / kg Bwt STZ i/p and after 3 days they administrated orally 80 mg / kg Bwt curcumin for 60 days.
• Non-diabetic Zn and curcumin-treated group: Rats were daily administrated the combination of 50 mg / kg Bwt Zn sulfate and 40 mg / kg Bwt curcumin by gavage for 60 days.
• Diabetic Zn and curcumin-treated group: Rats were injected 60 mg / kg Bwt STZ i/p and after 3 days they administrated orally the combination of 50 mg / kg Bwt Zn sulfate dissolved in non-ionized water and 40 mg / kg Bwt curcumin dissolved in saline by gavage for 60 days.
Blood sampling was done for each group separate the first collection was taken after treatment in the third day before treatment and the second collection was taken after 60 days from treatment. Serum and plasma were separated in to clean dried labeled epindorff and submitted for the following biochemical studies:
• Colorimetric determination of serum blood glucose.
• Colorimetric determination of serum cholesterol.
• Colorimetric determination of serum triacylglycerol.
• Colorimetric determination of serum HDL and calculation LDL.
• Colorimetric determination of total serum protein.
• Colorimetric determination of catalase activity in plasma.
• Colorimetric determination of arylsulfatase A activity in serum.
• Colorimetric determination of arylsulfatase B activity in serum.
Also, the rats were sacrificed after the end of experiment and the liver was dissected and stored in labeled aluminum foil at -20oC until homogenization occur for subsequent biochemical studies:
• Colorimetric determination of total protein.
• Colorimetric determination of catalase activity.
• Colorimetric determination of arylsulfatase A activity.
• Colorimetric determination of arylsulfatase B activity.
The obtained results showed that:
• Blood glucose concentration in STZ-induced diabetic rats showed highly significant increase in comparison with control group while after treatment diabetic rats with Zn and curcumin the blood glucose level was corrected as approached to normal. This indicate high protectively level from diabetogenic effects of STZ after treatment and maintenance on Zn and curcumin.
• Serum cholesterol levels showed high increase in STZ-induced diabetic rats which was highly significant when compared with control group. The groups of rats that treated with Zn and curcumin showed significant decrease in cholesterol level approached to normal.
• Serum triacylglycerol was dramatically increased in STZ-induced diabetic rats as compared to control group and slightly decreased in the group of rats treated with Zn and curcumin. This represents the protective effect of Zn and curcumin on Diabetes.
• Serum HDL level in STZ-induced diabetic rats showed highly significant decrease in comparison with control group while after treatment diabetic rats with Zn sulfate and curcumin the HDL level was corrected.
• Serum LDL was dramatically decreased in STZ-induced diabetic rats when compared to control group, also after treatment diabetic rats with 80 mg / kg Bwt curcumin and the combination of 50 mg / kg Bwt Zn sulfate and 40 mg / kg Bwt curcumin LDL still lower than control group while when treated diabetic rat with 100 mg / kg Bwt Zn sulfate LDL become similar to control group.
• Total protein level in both serum and liver homogenate revealed non-significant difference between control and diabetic group so there was non-significant difference between them and treated group with Zn sulfate and curcumin.
• Catalase activity in plasma was decreased in STZ-induced diabetic rats when compared to control rats, this may be explained due to the Diabetes is considered one of oxidative stress disease which cause increase production of ROS. This decrease in catalase enzymatic activity was corrected and begins to increase in diabetic rats treated with Zn and curcumin. The decrease in enzymatic activity of catalase in liver homogenate of diabetic rats was very notable than in plasma.
• Serum ASA activities revealed significant increase in STZ-induced diabetic rats. The enzymatic activity decreased in diabetic rats treated with Zn and curcumin. ASA activity was highly significant increase in liver homogenate of STZ-induced diabetic rats.
• ASB activity in serum showed excessive highly significant elevation in STZ-induced diabetic rats which decreased in diabetic rats treated with Zn and curcumin. ASB activity in liver homogenate revealed excessive highly significant elevation in STZ-induced diabetic rats when compared to ASB activity in serum
Conclusions:
• High level of blood glucose can be inhibited by using either Zn or curcumin and / or both together.
• Diabetes mellitus is associated by hypercholestermia and hypertriglyceredemia which can be ameliorated by Zn and curcumin.
• HDL is decreased in Diabetes and these can be increased after treatment with Zn and curcumin. While LDL declined after treatment the diabetic rats with curcumin not Zn.
• Total protein level showed no significant variation in Diabetes.
• Diabetes mellitus is associated by oxidative stress which can be detected by low level of catalase activity, using Zn and curcumin increased activity of catalase.
• ASA and ASB were increased in Diabetes which can be ameliorated by using Zn and curcumin.
• The obtained results showed that using the combination of 50 mg / kg Bwt Zn sulfate and 40 mg / kg Bwt curcumin for treatment of Diabetes more effective than using of 100 mg / kg Bwt Zn sulfate alone or 80 mg / kg Bwt ccurcumin alone.
Recommendations:
According to the obtained results we recommended the following:
• Using of curcumin in our life is very effective in treatment of Diabetes mellitus in addition to treatment of other chronic diseases.
• Zn is one of the important mineral which present in the nature, so advice to eat foods which contain Zn such as bananas, barley and some sea foods like fish and shell fish including mollusks and crustaceans.
• The change of ASA and ASB shows an effect of Diabetes on these enzymes and more experiments are required to clarify this problem.