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Abstract
The aim of this work is to review the fundamental processes underlying the development of atherosclerosis and to review the role of inflammation and oxidative stress as major factors in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis in an updated knowledge. The concept of inflammation occupies the central position in the pathophysiology of atherosclerosis, but there is still lacking in the knowledge of the inciting factors. oxLDL and other biologically active moieties localize in the lipid core of the atheroma, and these modified lipids induce the expression of adhesion molecules, chemokines, pro-inflammatory cytokines in macrophages and endothelium. LDL, β-VLDL and IDL particles also can undergo oxidative modification and may themselves activate inflammatory function of vascular endothelial cells.