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Abstract
Doxorubicin (adriamycin), an anthracycline antibiotic, is a clinically well established anticancer drug used in the treatment of hematogenous malignancies as well as solid tumors. However, the development of cardiotoxicity, which ultimately leads to cardiomyopathy with congestive heart failure, has limited the use of this drug. Several mechanisms for the DOX- induced cardiotoxicity have been proposed including, membrane lipid peroxidation, free radical formation, DNA intercalation and mitochondrial damage. Oxygen radicals are apparently involved in all the mechanisms proposed.
The tissues with less developed antioxidant defense mechanisms such as the cardiac muscle are highly susceptible to injury by DOX- induced oxygen radicals.The risk of developing irreversible cardiotoxicity may be increased by several factors. These include the degree of DOX exposure (high-dose DOX infusion or higher cumulative doses are responsible for more frequent cardiac problems), age (the elderly and very young patients have greater risks), a history of cardiac disease, previous cancer therapies (e.g. mediastinal radiation therapy), and the concurrent use of other chemotherapy regimens.The aim of the present study was to illustrate the histological effects of doxorubicin on the cardiac ventricular myocytes of adult male albino rats and to explore the possible protective role of lipoic acid through its antioxidant properties.The study was carried out on 40 adult male albino rats weighing 100-150 gm. Animals were maintained under standard housing conditions, and allowed free access to standard laboratory food and water. The animals were divided into 4 equal groups .