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Abstract
The presence of prostate cancer or male breast cancer is an absolute contraindication to testosterone replacement.
Risks of testosterone therapy include: erythropoiesis, gynaecomastia, exacerbation or development of sleep apnea and Formulation-specific adverse effects such as hepatotoxicity with oral methyltestosterone.
Monitoring of men receiving testosterone therapy should include: evaluation of symptoms, any adverse effects, testosterone levels, hematocrit, bone mineral density and PSA.