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Abstract
The efforts of many laboratories allowed the purification and
characterization of the main exopolyaccharide compounds of the biofilm
matrix of different species of bacteria (Lasa, 2006). According to public announcement from National Institute of Health, bacterial biofilms are responsible for a lot of chronic microbial infections such as urinary tract infection (caused by E. Coli and other pathogens), catheter infection (caused by Staph. aureus and other gram-positive
pathogens), child middle ear infection (caused by H. influenza), common
dental plaque formation and gingivitis (Lewis, 2001). Very agonizing these infections caused by biofilms are hard to treat or
frequently relapsing. The less common but certainly more threatening are biofilm infections that cause serious morbidity and mortality. Such as endocarditis caused by S. aureus, infections of permanent indwelling devices such as joint prostheses and heart valves (Lewis, 2005). Biofilms are relevant for home care and hospice clinicians because
they are related to the majority of infectious diseases. Colonization of medical devices plays a key role in the problem of healthcare-associated infections (Talsma, 2007).
Research on biofilms requires validated quantitative models that focus
both on matrix and viable bacterial mass.Dimethyl methylene blue (DMMB) dye was used to quantify biofilm matrix colorimetrically. Initially developed
for the detection of glycosaminoglycans, the DMMB protocol was optimized for S. aureus biofilm research. In addition, the redox indicator resazurin was used to determine the viable bacterial biofilm burden (Toté et al, 2008). In recent years, there has been a marked interest in the design and development of biomaterials as medical devices that offer resistance to the formation of biofilm. Indeed, whereas in previous years the main concern of the medical device industry was to develop high performance materials that could be readily engineered, the design brief of new materials now involves consideration of the propensity for microbial biofilm formation on such surfaces. Direct incorporation into, or coating of medical device biomaterials with antimicrobial agents, Use of novel anti-adherent coatings of medical devices, or chemical bonding of the antimicrobial agent to the polymer
structure was achieved in order to avoid such microbial biofilm formation (Gorman & Jones, 2003)