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Abstract
Purpose
Cancer of the Head and Neck represents about 5% of all malignant tumors in the US and 17% in Egypt; and about 85% of patients with cancer of the head and neck have a history of alcohol use, smoking, or both. The three main types of treatment for managing head and neck cancer are radiation therapy, surgery and chemotherapy. This study identified the clinical and pathological patterns, prognosis, the different treatment modalities, the early and late sequelae of different lines of therapy received for Head and Neck cancers in Suez Canal University center of Oncology and Nuclear Medicine (SCUCON).
Patients and Methods
This was a retrospective descriptive study that included all the patients presented with Head and Neck tumors (150 patients) attended SCUCON from January 1995 to December 2007 inclusive.
The collected data included the personal history, clinical, laboratory, radiological and pathological data, and the treatment received and the follow-up for each patient; the majority of research data were collected from the files. However, patients contact was required in order to minimize the problem of inaccurate recordings as well as during follow-up. So, the work was explained to each patient to get his/her consent before starting.
Results
One hundred and fifty patients presented with Head and Neck tumors were included in the current study with a relative frequency incidence of (2.6%) of the total cases. (62.7%) of the studied patients were males, and (37.3%) were females, (61.3%) of the studied patients were smokers. The most common pathological diagnosis of Head and Neck tumors presented was lymphoma (86%). Then laryngeal carcinoma (17.2%), Nasopharyngeal carcinoma represented about (10.7%), Thyroid cancer represented (7.3%), and Oral cavity tumors were detected in (1.4%) of the studied patients. the most frequent complaint was mass (recorded in 96.7% of the patients). 2% of the patients were presented complaining of epistaxis while 9.3% of the patients were complaining of nasal obstruction and decreased hearing. most of the cases of H.D. (60.9%) were presented in stage I and (39.1%) in stage II, unlike N.H.L cases in which (66.7%) of cases were presented stage II and (33.3%) in stage I. (56.25%) of cases of nasopharyngeal carcinoma were stage III. all the patients who received chemotherapy had developed acute complications including nausea, vomiting, hair loss and Epigastric pain, and only 2 patients developed lung fibrosis as chronic complication. all of the patients who received radiotherapy had developed acute complications including mucositis, sore throat, peeling and blackish discoloration of the skin, and the most common chronic complication of radiotherapy was skin fibrosis with limitation of movement (20.66%).
Conclusion
Head & Neck cancers are rare malignancies among patients presented to (SCUCON). Head & Neck cancers affects males than females, Most of the patients were presented in advanced stages (stage III, IV). Combined modality of treatment (Chemotherapy & Radiotherapy) was found to be effective in treating Head & neck cancers but with some morbidity to the patients due to toxic effects of the treatment.