الفهرس Only 14 pages are availabe for public view
 |  | from | 127 |  |  |
| | | from | 127 | | |
Abstract
Change is part of surgery but it is never easy to accept. At the dawn of surgery, excellence was associated with big incisions: “Big scar, big surgeon.” Laparoscopic gallbladder resection changed the focus of surgery and the mindset of nearly all surgeons. In1985, Muhe performed the first laparoscopic cholecystectomy using a modified laparoscope, called the galloscope. In 1986, he presented his technique at the German Surgical Society Congress but was strongly criticized. In 1987, Mouret performed the first laparoscopic cholecystectomy with an approach that would become the standard technique within 2 years.
The aim of this essay is to highlight on the recent minimally invasive techniques used nowadays as gasless operations, natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery, minimally invasive techniques in the management of morbid obesity, minimally invasive thyroidectomy and use of endovenous radiofrequency ablation for varicose veins.