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Abstract
ABSTRACT
This field work was carried out at the Experimental Farm of Horticultural Research Station, at El-Quassassin, Ismailia, Egypt, during the two seasons of 2005-2006 and 2006-2007. The present work aimed to study the effects of plant spacing, cattle manure and NPK fertilization as well as their interaction treatments on vegetative growth, flowering and chemical constituents of leaves and flowers of common mullein (Verbascum thapsus L.) plants under sandy soil conditions. Three spacings at 20, 30 and 40 cm between the plants in row, three rates of cattle manure at 0.0, 30 and 45 m³/fed. and four levels of NPK at 0.0:0.0:0.0, 20.5:15.5:24, 41:31:48, and 61.5:46.5:72 kg/fed. of N: P2O5: K2O, respectively were used. Data were recorded on mullein growth, dry leaves and flowers yield as well as chemical constituents. Generally, the highest yield of dry leaves and dry flowers as well as the highest content of the active components in leaves and flowers (total iridoid glycosides, total saponins and total mucilages)/plant were obtained from using the highest levels of each of plant spacing, cattle manure and NPK fertilization alone and their combination treatments. whereas, the highest yields of dry leaves and dry flowers as well as the active components/fed. were produced with the narrow spacing 20 cm alone or its interactions with the highest levels of the two types of fertilization in both seasons.
Keywords: Mullein, Verbascum thapsus, plant spacing, cattle manure, NPK, glycosides, saponins, mucilages.