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Abstract
The genetic diversity and genetic relationships of six wheat cultivars
(Gemmiza ٩, Yecora, Giza ١٦٨, Sahel ١, Sakha ٩٣ and Sids ١) were studied. The
genetic diversity was studied based on field evaluation, pigments content
(chlorophyll a and b and total carotenoids), protein and proline percentages,
karyotype analysis, α-esterase and peroxidase polymorphisms, seed storage
protein electrophoresis and ISSR markers. The karyotypes were analyzed by
calculating the average chromosome length, area and centromeric index
percentage. The electrophoretic pattern of α-esterase revealed five common and
three polymorphic isoforms, whereas peroxidase showed one common and ٣
polymorphic isoforms. Seed storage protein electrophoresis produced ٨
common and ١٩ polymorphic bands and the ISSR-PCR produced ٤٠
polymorphic and ٥٤ monomorphic markers, out of them, nineteen were found to
be useful as cultivar-specific markers, which present in one cultivar and absent
in the other cultivars under this investigation. As a result of molecular data
analysis using both SPSS-١٤ and NTSYS-PC٢ programs, the intercultivars
relationships were highly similar using different molecular evidences. Gemmiza
٩ was separated alone distant from all the other cultivars under study followed
by Yecora. Giza ١٦٨ and Sahel ١ appeared closely related to each other and
similarly were Sakha ٩٣ and Sids ١.
Key words: wheat cultivars, karyotype, seed storage proteins, ISSR.