الفهرس 
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Abstract
The therapeutic effects of PMFs of intensity 13-42 gauss, 2-3 Hz (Schumann device; coil A) and 0.6 Tesla, <1 Hz (Pulsed gradient magnetic field; coil B) on DEN-induced animal HCC were studied.
For this reason, an exposure system: coil A capable of producing magnetic signal mimics the natural frequency of Schumann resonances and natural magnetic signals from animal cells (multi rhythmic pulsed magnetic field frequency 2-3 Hz, magnetic field intensity 13- 40 gauss). Coil B was designed to provide the characteristics of pulsed gradient magnetic fields used in Zhang et al(34) (magnetic field intensity 0.6 Tesla, Frequency < 1 Hz).
The system allows each animal to be exposed alone by immobilizing it on the surface of the coils.
The characterization of this exposure system can contributes to the improvement needed in the understanding of the role played by various exposure parameters such as field intensity and field components in the induction of the antiturnor efficacy for example. This knowledge is important for extrapolating exposure conditions from animal to humans.
For the actual application of pulsed magnetic fields therapy 110 rats were divided as follow:
Prileminary group: 50 rats was injected with DEN dose that induce liver cancer07’ used as experimental control group to determine the exact time at which liver cancer will be developed in this strain of rat, by histopathological.
Experimental groups: 60 rats will be divided into four groups:
HCC + coil A group: 10 animals with induced HCC that exposed to magnetic field from coil A, (30 minutes/day/ rat), for 6 days/week for 4 successive weeks.
HCC + coil B group: 10 animals with induced HCC that exposed to magnetic field from coil B, (15 minutes/day/ rat), for 6 days/week for 4 successive weeks.
HCC group: 10 animal with induced HCC control unexposed rats.
Control + coil A group: 10 normal control exposed to magnetic field from coil A, (30 minutes/day/ rat), for 6 days/week for 4 successive weeks.
Control + coil B group: 10 normal control exposed to magnetic field from coil B, (15 minutes/day/ rat), for 6 days/week for 4 successive weeks.
Control group: 10 normal control unexposed rats.
After induction of HCC in animals with DEN, they were either exposed to coil A of 2-3 Hz x 40 gauss x (30 minutes/day/ rat), for 6 days/week for 4 successive or to coil B
of 0.9 Hz x 0.6 Tesla x (15 minutes/day/ rat), for 6 days/week for 4 successive weeks, and the following was done:
• Before exposure blood samples were taken from the saphenous vein of animals from all groups to study the osmotic fragility, hematologica! indices, AFP and liver function enzymes( ALT, AST, y-GT).
After 10 days, 20 days and at the end of exposure, blood samples were taken from animals for all groups to evaluate the measured parameters before exposure.
At the end of exposure all groups were sacrificed and liver tissues were taken to study the following:
- The relative liver weight.
- Dielectric properties of liver tissues.
- Morphological changes by light microscopy.
- Ultrastructure changes by Electron microscopy.
II- Conclusions
i- Exposure system designing
- The designed exposure system described is a versatile magnetic field system; coil A produce magnetic signal mimicking the natural frequency of Schumann resonances and natural magnetic signals from animal cells (multi rhythmic pulsed magnetic field frequency 2-3 Hz, magnetic field intensity 13- 40 gauss). Furthermore coil B provide the characteristics of pulsed gradient magnetic fields used in Zhang et al(34) (magnetic field intensity 0.6 Tesla, Frequency < 1 Hz).
- The exposure system allows each animal to be exposed individually to either coil A or coil B.
The exposure system provide a safety, selective, noninvasive, painless, drug free and low cost therapeutic devices designed according to the international safety standards of therapeutic devices”54’, and it can be used in another fields of cancer researches.
For extrapolating exposure conditions from animal to humans only multiple coils can be used to cover the diseased part.
Injecting animals with diethylnitrosamine only resulted in:
• Induction of two grades hepatocellular carcinoma; well differentiated and moderately differentiated in all injected animals after 8 weeks from starting injection.
• This animal model of HCC is much closer to human HCCs due to viral hepatitis than are tumors induced in mice upon injection of HCC cell lines.
• Change in the osmotic fragility proved by shifting MCF from 0.45% NaCl for control group to 0.55% NaCl indicating increased fragility.
• No changes in the hematological indices.
• An increase in the level of AFP
• An increase in the level of liver function enzymes.
• Increase in the relative liver weight.
• Increase in the dielectric properties of the liver tissues.
• Changes in the histopathology and ultra structure of liver tissues.
Animals exposed to magnetic fields only showed’.
• No Change in the osmotic fragility, hematological indices, level of AFP, liver function enzymes, relative liver weight, dielectric properties of the liver tissues, the histopathology and ultra structure of liver tissues.
• The lack of adverse reactions in normal cells and tissues suggested that the safety of this treatment that could be related to its ability to influence prefentially selectively with transformed cells.
Animals injected with diethylnitrosamine and exposed to magnetic fields showed:
• Change in the osmotic fragility proved by shifting MCF from 0.52%,NaCl before exposure to 0.47% and 0.45% NaCl for HCC + coil A and HCC + coil A groups respectively after exposure, indicating that the exposure significantly reverts the alterations induced by DEN.
• No changes in the hematological indices.
• Decrease in the level of AFP.
• Decrease in the level of liver function enzymes.
• Decrease in the relative liver weight.
• Slight correction in the dielectric properties of the liver tissues.
The histopathology and ultra structure of liver tissues suggests an anticancer activity of magnetic fields from the exposure system through incorporating three main strategies: apoptosis, necrosis and inflammatory infiltration of the hepatocellular carcinoma.
Selective therapeutic effects of exposure system on DEN-induced animal HCC through activation of apoptosis, necrosis and inflammatory infiltrate.
The obtained results on HCC regression simulate the gene therapy and immunogenic therapy of liver cancer.
Nearly the results of two coils (coil A and coil B) were similar despite the difference in specifications, indicating that low frequency pulsed magnetic field itself did not affect the cancer cells directly but increased the host immune system against cancer, so we suggest using coil A for superficial tissues and coil B for deeper tissues.
Finally, we can conclude that the exposure system coil A of 3 Hz and coil B 0.9 Hz PMF will contribute to magnetic field therapy and are valid as therapeutic devices to treat liver cancer.
Recommendations:
1. Repeating this active and safety method in clinical trials to treat human liver cancer and other types of cancers.
2. Therapy of Immunity disease
3. Further research needed to investigate the mechanism of action.
4. Follow our research using our exposure system by a therapeutic modality to regenerate damaged cells.